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  • 1
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    The catastrophic thermokarst lake drainage events of 2018 in northwestern Alaska: fast-forward into the future (2020)
    Copernicus
    In:  EPIC3The Cryosphere, Copernicus, 14(12), pp. 4279-4297
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-07
    Description: Northwestern Alaska has been highly affected by changing climatic patterns with new temperature and precipitation maxima over the recent years. In particular, the Baldwin and northern Seward peninsulas are characterized by an abundance of thermokarst lakes that are highly dynamic and prone to lake drainage like many other regions at the southern margins of continuous permafrost. We used Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and Planet CubeSat optical remote sensing data to analyze recently observed widespread lake drainage. We then used synoptic weather data, climate model outputs and lake ice growth simulations to analyze potential drivers and future pathways of lake drainage in this region. Following the warmest and wettest winter on record in 2017/2018, 192 lakes were identified as having completely or partially drained by early summer 2018, which exceeded the average drainage rate by a factor of ∼ 10 and doubled the rates of the previous extreme lake drainage years of 2005 and 2006. The combination of abundant rain- and snowfall and extremely warm mean annual air temperatures (MAATs), close to 0 ∘C, may have led to the destabilization of permafrost around the lake margins. Rapid snow melt and high amounts of excess meltwater further promoted rapid lateral breaching at lake shores and consequently sudden drainage of some of the largest lakes of the study region that have likely persisted for millennia. We hypothesize that permafrost destabilization and lake drainage will accelerate and become the dominant drivers of landscape change in this region. Recent MAATs are already within the range of the predictions by the University of Alaska Fairbanks' Scenarios Network for Alaska and Arctic Planning (UAF SNAP) ensemble climate predictions in scenario RCP6.0 for 2100. With MAAT in 2019 just below 0 ∘C at the nearby Kotzebue, Alaska, climate station, permafrost aggradation in drained lake basins will become less likely after drainage, strongly decreasing the potential for freeze-locking carbon sequestered in lake sediments, signifying a prominent regime shift in ice-rich permafrost lowland regions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    The influence of vegetation on shallow soil and air temperature coupling: a Pan-Arctic data synthesis (2018)
    In:  EPIC3AGU Fall Meeting 2018, Washington, D.C., 2018-12-10-2018-12-14
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-03
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaesthetic management in facial bipartition surgery: The experience of one centre (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Facial bipartition is amongst the most radical craniofacial surgery undertaken but is performed rarely. There is little published information on its anaesthetic management. We undertook a retrospective case-note review of 22 consecutive patients undergoing bipartition surgery by the same surgical team in one centre in the period 1993–2001. There were incomplete data for two cases and these were therefore excluded. Patients were aged 2 months to 19 years. Conditions treated were facial cleft (n = 5), frontonasal dysplasia (n = 7) and facial dysostosis (n = 8).Intra-operative complications included major haemorrhage (n = 4), bradycardia (n = 3) and unintentional tracheal extubation (n = 1). There were no peri-operative deaths. All patients required intra-operative blood transfusion and 15% of them had a postoperative haemoglobin concentration 〉 115% of their pre-operative value. In this series, four patients required postoperative lung ventilation for a median duration of 3 days. Infants 〈 14 months old were significantly more likely to receive a massive blood transfusion (p = 0.0002), to have an excessively high postoperative haematocrit (p = 0.008) and to require postoperative lung ventilation (p = 0.0002) compared with older patients. We conclude that patients in this age group have a significantly increased risk of postoperative complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.03529.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CD5–Positive and CD5–Negative Rheumatoid Factor–Secreting B Cells in IgA Nephropathy, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Graves’Disease (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 38 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The relative contributions of CD5+ and CD5– B–cells in production of rheumatoid factors (RF) was evaluated in polyclonally activated B–cells from patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Graves’ disease (GD). In IgAN and RA, diseases in which RFs are believed to be involved in pathogenesis, there were 10– and 4–fold decreases respectively in CD5+ IgG–RF–secreting B–cells compared with controls. Furthermore, the number of CD5– IgG–RF– and IgA–RF–secreting B–cells were increased 12– and 14–fold in IgAN and 9– and 4–fold in RA. Such abnormalities were not apparent in GD, in which RFs have not been implicated in pathogenesis. These findings are compatible with the concept of CD5+ RF–secreting B–cells normally acting to prevent production of potentially pathogenic RFs by CD5– B–cells. When IgAN or RA patients’ B–cells were activated in the presence of control instead of autologous CD4+ cells, numbers of RF– secreting CD5– B–cells were reduced to the levels seen with control B–cells plus control T–helper cells. Presumably lymphokine secretion profiles of T–helper cells would be important in determining whether CD5+ or CD5– B–cells are activated to secrete RFs, and perhaps therapeutic manipulation of these profiles could restore normal activity of CD5+ B–cells in IgAN and RA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1993.tb03244.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic Analysis of Subset Growth and B-Cell Activation in Pokeweed Mitogen-Stimulated Cultures of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Depleted of or Enriched for OKT8+ Cells (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 18 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Peripheral blood mononuclcar cells (PBMN) that were depleted of OKT8+ cells and stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) produced higher cell yields and higher numbers of plaque-forming cells than unfractionated PBMN. Conversely, OKT8-enriched PBMN, prepared by mixing unfractionated and OKT8+ cells in a ratio of 3:1, gave reduced cell growth and B-cell activation. In OKT8-depleted cultures, B cells, OKT4+ cells, OKT8+ cells, and OKM1+ cells increased in number between days 4 and 7 of culture by factors of 9.8, 5.9, 20.1, and 5.6 respectively, whereas growth rates for these subsets were 2.4, 1.0, 2.0, and 1.3 in unfractionated cultures and 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, and 0.6 in cultures enriched for OKT8+ cells. On day 7 of culture, 73±10% of B cells secreted immunoglobulin in unfractionated cultures, whereas only 21±10% of B cells were activated in OKT8-enriched cultures. Surprisingly, PWM stimulation of OKT8-depleted PBMN produced only 40±12% activated B cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb00871.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of 12 Neutralizing Anti-Cytokine Antibodies on In Vitro Activation of B-Cells. Interleukin-12 is Required by B1a but not B2 Cells (1996)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 43 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, depleted of most monocytes and virtually all CD8-positive cells, were stimulated in vitro with pokeweed mitogen plus Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I in the presence or absence of variousneutralizing anti-cytokine antibodies. Numbers of CD5+ and CD5− immunoglobulin-secreting cells were determined using the protein A haemolytic plaque assay after labelling B1a cells with anti-CD5-coated beads. Antibodiesagainst IL-2, IL-5 and IL-10 had little or no effect on plaque-forming cell (PFC) induction; anti-IL-6, -TNFα and -TGFβ enhanced PFC induction; anti-IL-1α, -IL-1β, -IL-4, -IFNγ and -IL-13 suppressed PFC induction. B1a and B2 cells were equally affected by cytokine deprivation using these 11 neutralizing antibodies. In contrast, neutralizing anti-IL-12 suppressed induction of CD5+ but not CD5− PFC. Furthermore, recombinant IL-12, if added during thefirst 48 h of culture, enhanced CD5+ PFC induction while marginally suppressing (IgG-) or not affecting (IgA-, IgM-) induction of CD5− PFC. IL-12 did not preferentially increase survival in culture of B1a cells norinduce expression of CD5 on B2-cells. Further studies are required to determine whether manipulation of B1a and B2 subsets in vivo using IL-12 could be achieved in clinical situations where imbalances in the two populations have beenobserved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-4.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IMMUNOLOGY OF BYSSINOSIS: A STUDY OF THE REACTIONS BETWEEN THE ISOLATED BYSSINOSIS “ANTIGEN” AND HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULINS (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 221 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1974.tb28199.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of the Aggregation of Dissociated Embryo-Chick Fibroblast Cells by Adenosine Triphosphate (1966)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 210 (1966), S. 1008-1010 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IT has been shown that there exists in many types of cells a nucleotide triphosphatase (ATPase) which is capable of hydrolysing exogenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP)1. According to evidence provided by electron micrographs it also appears as if the plasma membrane is a site of ATPase activity2. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2101008a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth by Cell Division in Insect Tissue Culture (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 187 (1960), S. 1072-1074 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE cultivation of insect tissues and cells, first attempted about fifty years ago1, has been an unexpectedly difficult problem2-4. A method for the routine production of insect cultures in a medium that can be easily prepared, and the provision of adequate evidence of growth by cell division ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1871072a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of Rous I Sarcoma Metastases by a Copper-Catalyst Blocking Agent (1959)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 184 (1959), S. 1963-1964 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] When a tanned (sclerorized) membrane is treated with Mallory stain, it takes up the orange G dye to the exclusion of the other competitive aniline blue dye. Naturally occurring unbanned membranes, or tanned membranes pretreated with chlorodioxyacetic, an agent which breaks down aromatic bonds in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1841963b0
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