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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Chaos 9 (1999), S. 124-140 
    ISSN: 1089-7682
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A brief review in the form of a tutorial is presented on convective instabilities that arise from thermocapillary and buoyancy effects. This tutorial primarily focuses on the effect of multiple layers and side walls on the nature of the convective flows and associated patterns. A comprehensive explanation of the physics of this type of convection is followed by a discussion of the mathematical features of bifurcation associated with the problem and some of the recent experimental studies. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 14 (2002), S. 2935-2938 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Rapid flows were observed by applying a small voltage across an organic-aqueous interface in the presence of an ionic surfactant. These flows are in contrast to the experiments of G. I. Taylor and J. R. Melcher [Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 1, 111 (1969); D. A. Saville, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 29, 27 (1997)], where no ionic surfactant was used. In their experiments, a large voltage difference was necessary to induce a surface charge between two leaky dielectric fluids. Here, we intentionally create a surface charge by adding a cationic surfactant. The result is that a much lower voltage is necessary to cause substantial flows. Two experiments are performed to compare these results with classical thermocapillary flow experiments. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 53 (1981), S. 543-544 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 79 (1957), S. 4798-4802 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food lipids 3 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4522
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: ‘Alto’canola seed and sesame seed were toasted at 180, 200, 220, 240, and 260C, for 8 min or 10 min. As temperature increased, minor changes in fatty acid composition were observed. Darkness and blueness in canola oil increased with toasting temperatures up to 240C, and then decreased. The darkness, greenness and yellowness of sesame seed oil increased with increasing toasting temperature. The overall color of canola oil was significantly darker than that of sesame seed oil (α〈inlineGraphic alt="leqslant R: less-than-or-eq, slant" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:10657258:JFL1:les" location="les.gif"/〉 0.05). 2-Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) numbers for both oils increased as toasting temperature increased. TBA numbers of the canola oil increased with extended storage time up to 4 weeks and then decreased. For sesame seed oil, TBA numbers also were influenced by storage time, but less change was observed than for canola oil. 2-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content of canola oil was significantly higher than that for sesame seed oil when TBA numbers were compared to the same treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food lipids 2 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4522
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Headspace volatiles from ‘Alto’ canola oil toasted at 240C for 8 min were collected using TenaxR TA 60/80 (Supelco Inc., Bellefonte, PA). The TenaxR was washed three times with a total of 6 ml of solvent. The solvent extract was concentrated by drying in a hood at room temperature for 6 h. Two μl of concentrated extract were separated on a 30 m DB-1 capillary column (J & W Scientific, Folson, CA) with a Hewlett Packard (HP) 5890A gas chromatograph connected to a HP 5790 mass spectrometer. Volatiles were tentatively identified with a NBS 43 K.1 library by PBM (probability based on matching) search.Fifty seven peaks were detected by the mass spectrometer. Among those, 50 compounds were tentatively identified. 2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 5-methyl-2-furan carboxaldehyde, 5-(1-methyl ethyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, cyclododecane, undecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, 1-hexadecanol, hexadecanoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid, octadecanoic acid, 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine, 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethyl pyrazine, [1,1′:3′,1″-terphenyl]-1′-ol and [1,1′:3′,1″-terphenyl]-4′-ol were the major volatile compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food lipids 2 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4522
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Sesame seed was toasted at 260C for 10 min. Oil was extracted with hexane at room temperature for 10 h. Post-treatment of the oil was not done. One half gram of TenaxR TA 60/80 (Supelco Inc., Bellefonte, PA) was used for trapping the volatile compounds from one hundred milliliters of toasted sesame seed oil. The procedure was continued for 24 h. The TenaxR TA was washed three times using polar and nonpolar solvents. The solvent extracts were combined and concentrated by drying in a hood at room temperature for 6 h. Two μl of concentrated extract were separated on a 30 m DB 1 bonded phase fused silica capillary column (J&W Scientific, Folsom, CA) with a Hewlett Packard (HP) 5890A gas chromatograph connected to a HP 5790 mass selective spectrometer. Volatiles were tentatively identified with a NBS 43K.1 library by PBM (probability based on matching) search.Seventy-nine peaks were detected by the mass selective detector. Among those, 66 peaks were tentatively identified. Dimethylsulfide, 4-methylthiazole, 2,4-dimethylthiazole, methylpyrazine, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, dihydro-4,5-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone, dodecane, tetradecane, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl phenol, N,N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl)-dodecamide, cyclododecane, 2,3-dihydro-1,1,3-trimethyl-3-phenyl-1H-indene, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hexa-decenul, hexudecanoic acid, 9-octudecenoic mid, ocladecanoic acid, [1,1′:3′,1 ′I-tephenylJ-1′-ol and bis (2-ethyl hexy1)phthulate were the major volutiles identifled tentdively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 33 (1968), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY— Although considerable work has been done on the sediment sometimes formed in clarified apple juice upon storage, the sediment itself has not been completely characterized as to its chemical composition and the precursors involved. The fact that the sediment yielded phloroglucinol and protocatechuic acid upon alkali fusion and amino acids upon acid hydrolysis indicated that the sediment was a polymeric phenolic-protein complex. The variable nitrogen, mineral and ash contents of different sediments and the variable amino acid composition of the protein fraction in conjunction with the behavior of the sediments on Sephadex gel columns indicated the heterogeneous nature of this material. Poly-amide thin-layer chromatography and calorimetric analyses have shown that leucoanthocyanidins and catechins are the main precursors of the polymeric phenolic component. Chlorogenic acid appears to play an insignificant role in sediment formation. The amino acid composition was determined by the use of an amino acid analyzer and the mineral content was estimated, quantitatively, by means of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food lipids 4 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4522
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: ‘Alto’variety canola seed and yellow sesame seed were toasted at 180, 200, 220, 240 and 260C for 8 min and 10 min, respectively. Control oils from nontoasted seeds were also evaluated. Oils from ground canola and sesame seed were extracted with hexane at 25C for 10 h. Two ranking tests for odor preference were performed by a Korean panel. Among the canola oils, oil for seeds toasted at 240C was significantly better, and oil from seed toasted at 200C was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) worse than the others. Oils from sesame seed toasted at 220 and 260C were significantly better and untoasted and toasted sesame seed oil at 180C were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) worse than the other sesame seed oils. A second ranking test was performed to find the best oil among the canola and sesame seed oils. The toasted sesame seed oil at 260C was significantly better, and the toasted canola oil at 200C was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) worse. Among the other toasted oils, canola oil toasted at 240 and 260C and sesame seed oil toasted at 220 and 240C were not significantly different from each other. The ranking test showed that toasted canola oils were not significantly different from toasted sesame seed oils except toasted sesame seed oil at 260C.
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