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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The nuclear protein high-mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB1) was recently described to act as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and as a late mediator of severe sepsis and septic shock. The protein is released from monocytes in response to endotoxin and activates monocytes and endothelial cells through nuclear factor kappa B. We have previously demonstrated that the B-box of HMGB1 mediates a pro-inflammatory effect on endothelial cells including the upregulation of cell-adhesion molecules and release of interleukin (IL)-8 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Here, we report that HMGB1 is released from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. A nuclear relocation of HMGB1 to the cytoplasm was seen at 4 h. Subsequently, high amounts of HMGB1 could be seen in the supernatants from stimulated cells after 16 h. It was also observed that the pro-inflammatory activity of HMGB1 is sensitive to dexamethasone. Interestingly, the HMGB1-induced TNF-α release from monocytes could be inhibited by either the A-box of the protein or the p38 inhibitor CNI-1493, but neither had any inhibitory effects on the HMGB1-dependent upregulation of cell-adhesion molecules on HUVEC. Altogether, these results suggest that HUVEC may be an important source of HMGB1 secretion in response to systemic infection and that endothelial cells and monocytes may use different signalling pathways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The variability associated with estimating the true concentration of teliospores of dwarf bunt (Tilletia controversa) per 50 g of wheat (TC concentration) in an export wheat shipment was studied by measuring the TC concentration in 16 test samples (50 g) taken from each of 137 export shipments. The variability among the 16 TC test sample results, as measured by the standard deviation, was found to increase with TC concentration. The functional relationship was approximately linear in a full-log plot and regression analysis was used to determine the coefficients of the regression equation. Using statistical theory, the regression equation was modified to predict the standard deviation among test sample sizes other than the 50 g size used in this study. The standard deviation and coefficient of variation associated with using a 50 g test sample to estimate the true TC concentration of a wheat shipment with 2000 spores per 50 g were estimated to be 1062·8 and 53·1%, respectively. Increasing test sample size to 1600 g reduced the standard deviation and coefficient of variation to 187·9 and 9·4%, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 212 (1966), S. 845-845 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] These tumours had the histological characteristics of intestinal tumours of insects6; spindle shaped cells often formed whorl-like structures. They were sometimes so large as almost to block the passage of the intestine, but at present we do not know if there is any mortality caused by these ...
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 181 (1958), S. 198-199 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In the milkweed bug, Oncopeltusfasciatus, the corpus allatum is an unpaired organ situated closely behind the corpora cardiaca and the hypocerebral ganglion. This organ complex, which is intimately associated with the walls of aorta, has nervous connexions with the pars intercerebralis region of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 174 (1954), S. 89-89 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] At the same time, changes are observed in the incretory system. In the emerging female the corpus allatum is small (Fig. la, ca), but increases, as already shown by Novak3, if she is fed. In the present material it increased to about twelve times the initial volume in fifteen days (Fig. 16). In ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 13 (1957), S. 410-411 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Exstirpation der 10 neurosekretorischenA-Zellen der Pars intercerebralis führt beiOncopeltus nicht zum Ausfall der letzten Larvenhäutung. Es wird angenommen, dass das Neurosekret derA-Zellen, welches in der Aortenwand gespeichert wird, die Häutung ermöglicht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Thin Solid Films 252 (1994), S. 19-25 
    ISSN: 0040-6090
    Keywords: Chemical vapour deposition ; Graphite ; Nickel ; Transmission electron microscopy
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2014-03-27
    Description: Syncytin-1, a fusogenic protein encoded by a human endogenous retrovirus of the W family (HERV-W) element ( ERVWE1 ), is expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the placenta. This locus is transcriptionally repressed in adult tissues through promoter CpG methylation and suppressive histone modifications. Whereas syncytin-1 appears to be crucial for the development and functioning of the human placenta, its ectopic expression has been associated with pathological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia. We previously reported on the transactivation of HERV-W elements, including ERVWE1 , during influenza A/WSN/33 virus infection in a range of human cell lines. Here we report the results of quantitative PCR analyses of transcripts encoding syncytin-1 in both cell lines and primary fibroblast cells. We observed that spliced ERVWE1 transcripts and those encoding the transcription factor glial cells missing 1 (GCM1), acting as an enhancer element upstream of ERVWE1 , are prominently upregulated in response to influenza A/WSN/33 virus infection in nonplacental cells. Knockdown of GCM1 by small interfering RNA followed by infection suppressed the transactivation of ERVWE1 . While the infection had no influence on CpG methylation in the ERVWE1 promoter, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays detected decreased H3K9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) and histone methyltransferase SETDB1 levels along with influenza virus proteins associated with ERVWE1 and other HERV-W loci in infected CCF-STTG1 cells. The present findings suggest that an exogenous influenza virus infection can transactivate ERVWE1 by increasing transcription of GCM1 and reducing H3K9me3 in this region and in other regions harboring HERV-W elements. IMPORTANCE Syncytin-1, a protein encoded by the env gene in the HERV-W locus ERVWE1 , appears to be crucial for the development and functioning of the human placenta and is transcriptionally repressed in nonplacental tissues. Nevertheless, its ectopic expression has been associated with pathological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia. In the present paper, we report findings suggesting that an exogenous influenza A virus infection can transactivate ERVWE1 by increasing the transcription of GCM1 and reducing the repressive histone mark H3K9me3 in this region and in other regions harboring HERV-W elements. These observations have implications of potential relevance for viral pathogenesis and for conditions associated with the aberrant transcription of HERV-W loci.
    Print ISSN: 0022-538X
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-5514
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2014-07-25
    Description: It has been suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage are involved in lymphomagenesis. Increased copy number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as a compensatory mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction previously has been associated with B-cell lymphomas, in particular chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, current evidence is limited and based on a relatively small number of cases. Using a nested case-control study, we extended these findings with a focus on subtype-specific analyses. Relative mtDNA copy number was measured in the buffy coat of prospectively collected blood of 469 lymphoma cases and 469 matched controls. The association between mtDNA copy number and the risk of developing lymphoma and histologic subtypes was examined using logistic regression models. We found no overall association between mtDNA and risk of lymphoma. Subtype analyses revealed significant increased risks of CLL (n = 102) with increasing mtDNA copy number (odds ratio = 1.34, 1.44, and 1.80 for quartiles 2-4, respectively; P trend = .001). mtDNA copy number was not associated with follow-up time, suggesting that this observation is not strongly influenced by indolent disease status. This study substantially strengthens the evidence that mtDNA copy number is related to risk of CLL and supports the importance of mitochondrial dysfunction as a possible mechanistic pathway in CLL ontogenesis.
    Keywords: Lymphoid Neoplasia
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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