Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- About the Book Series -- Editorial Board -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Authors' Preface -- About the Authors -- Acknowledgements -- 1: Taiwan and the Global Arsenic Problem -- 1.1 General Introduction to the Arsenic Problem -- 1.1.1 Origin, Release and Occurrence of Groundwater Arsenic -- 1.1.2 Geochemical Arsenic Mobility Controls -- 1.1.3 Other Arsenic Mobility Controls -- 1.1.4 Remediation of Arsenic-Contaminated Sites -- 1.1.5 Human Exposure to Arsenic and Related Health Effects -- 1.2 Arsenic: From History to Taiwan -- 1.2.1 Arsenic Discoveries in Groundwater of Argentina -- 1.2.2 Arsenic Discoveries in Groundwater of Mexico -- 1.2.3 Arsenic Discoveries in Ground- and Surface-Water of Chile -- 1.2.4 Arsenic Discoveries in Groundwater of Taiwan -- 1.3 Arsenic: From Taiwan to the End of the 20th Century -- 1.4 Arsenic in the 21st Century-Recognizing Groundwater Arsenic as a Global Problem -- 1.5 Regulations of Arsenic Contents in Drinking Water and Its Impact on the Exposed Population -- 1.6 Why Was the "Taiwan Signal" Not Immediately Recognized Worldwide? -- 1.7 Why Does Arsenic Continue to Affect People Worldwide? -- 1.8 Demands for International Cooperation and Networking -- 2: Geological Controls of Arsenic Concentrations in Ground- and Surface-Waters-An Overview of Our Worldwide State-of-the-art Knowledge -- 2.1 Arsenic in the Earth's Environments and Introduction into Ground-and Surface-Water Resources -- 2.2 Geogenic Arsenic: Occurence and Sources -- 2.2.1 Arsenic in Minerals and Amorphous Phases -- 2.2.2 Arsenic in Rocks -- 2.3 Mechanisms of Arsenic Mobilization into Aqueous Environments: an Overview -- 2.3.1 Arsenic Species in Natural Waters and Reaction Kinetics -- 2.3.2 Arsenic Release and Mobility: Solid-fluid Interfacial Processes. , 2.3.3 Additional Factors and Processes Influencing Concentrations of Dissolved Arsenic -- 2.3.4 Arsenic Transport in Natural Water -- 2.4 Sulfide Oxidation -- 2.4.1 Mechanism and Kinetics of Arsenic Mobilization Through Sulfide Oxidation -- 2.4.2 Example: Arsenic Mobilization by Sulfide Oxidation in the Near-Neutral Sandstone Aquifer of Northeastern Wisconsin, USA -- 2.4.3 Example: Franconian Upper Triassic Sandstone Aquifer, Germany -- 2.5 Arsenic Input Due to Leaching in Geothermal Reservoirs: The Role of Geothermal Fluids -- 2.5.1 Arsenic Input from Geothermal Waters and Other Geothermal Manifestations -- 2.5.2 Examples of Arsenic Input from Geothermal Waters -- 2.6 the Role of Fe, Mn, and Al Oxides and Oxyhydroxides as Sources and Sinks for Dissolved Arsenic -- 2.6.1 Arsenic Release by Dissolution of Metal Oxyhydroxides -- 2.6.2 Arsenic Release/sequestration Due to Sorption by Fe, Mn and Al Oxides and Oxyhydroxides -- 2.6.2.1 Influence of Redox Potential and pH on Adsorption Capacity -- 2.6.2.2 Influence of Competing Ions on Arsenic Adsorption Capacity -- 2.6.2.3 Example: Chaco-Pampean Plain, Argentina -- 2.6.2.4 Example: Molasse Trough Sand Aquifer, Southern Germany -- 2.7 Adsorption Processes and Capacity of Clay Minerals -- 2.8 Precipitation/Dissolution and Sorption Processes of Calcite -- 2.9 Interactions Between Arsenic and Humic Substances -- 3: History of Blackfoot Disease -- 3.1 Prologue: a Mysterious Disease -- 3.2 Clinical Characteristics of Blackfoot Disease -- 3.3 Pathological Findings of Blackfoot Disease -- 3.4 Epidemiological Characteristics of Blackfoot Disease -- 4: Cause of Blackfoot Disease: Arsenic in Artesian Well Water -- 4.1 Types of Wells in Blackfoot Disease-Endemic Area -- 4.2 Characteristics of Well Water in Blackfoot Disease Endemic Area -- 4.3 Arsenic Levels in Well Water in Lanyang Basin. , 4.4 Association Between Blackfoot Disease and Artesian Well Water -- 4.5 Arsenic in Drinking Water: the Cause of Blackfoot Disease -- 4.6 Co-morbidity of Unique Arsenic-induced Skin Lesions and Blackfoot Disease -- 4.7 Host and Environmental Co-factors for Blackfoot Disease -- 4.8 Arsenic in Drinking Water and Circulatory Diseases Other Than Blackfoot Disease -- 4.9 Arsenic in Drinking Water and Prevalence of Diabetes and Hypertension -- 4.10 Reduction in Mortality of Arsenic-induced Diseases After Implementation of Public Water Supply System in the Endemic Area of Blackfoot Disease -- 5: Non-Vascular Health Effects of Arsenic in Drinking Water in Taiwan -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Skin Cancer -- 5.3 Internal Cancers -- 5.4 Eye Diseases -- 5.5 Other Health Outcomes -- 5.6 Summary and Conclusions -- 6: Arsenic Sources, Occurrences and Mobility in Surface Water, Groundwater and Sediments -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Hydrogeology and Sedimentology of Arsenic in Aquifers -- 6.2.1 Chianan Plain -- 6.2.2 Lanyang Plain (Yilan Plain) -- 6.2.3 Guandu Plain -- 6.3 Potential Arsenic Sources -- 6.3.1 Geogenic Sources -- 6.3.1.1 Chianan Plain -- 6.3.1.2 Lanyang (or Yilan) Plain -- 6.3.2 Anthropogenic Sources -- 6.3.2.1 Mining Activity -- 6.3.2.2 Industrial Activity -- 6.3.2.3 Agricultural Activity -- 6.4 Arsenic Distributions and Mobility Controls -- 6.4.1 Water Chemistry in the Chianan and Lanyang Plains -- 6.4.2 Arsenic in Sediments -- 6.4.3 Mobilization and Transport of Arsenic -- 6.4.3.1 Arsenic Speciation -- 6.4.3.2 Redox-Mediated Mobilization and Transport of Arsenic -- 6.4.3.3 Microbe-Mediated Mobilization and Transport of Arsenic -- 6.5 Arsenic in Mud Volcanoes and Hot Springs -- 6.6 Concluding Remarks -- 7: Arsenic in Soils and Plants: Accumulation and Bioavailability -- 7.1 Accumulation and Behavior of Arsenic in Soil. , 7.2 Bioaccumulation of Arsenic in Plants and Crops -- 8: Potential Threat of the Use of Arsenic-Contaminated Water in Aquaculture -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Arsenic in Aquacultural Organisms -- 8.2.1 Tilapia -- 8.2.2 Milkfish -- 8.2.3 Mullet -- 8.2.4 Clam -- 8.2.5 Oyster -- 8.2.6 Arsenic Levels in Groundwater and Farmed Fish/Shrimp in Lanyang Plain -- 8.3 Arsenic Methylation Capability -- 8.4 Health Risk Assessment -- 9: Current Solutions to Arsenic-Contaminated Water -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Change of Water Source -- 9.3 Water Treatment Processes for Centralized Systems -- 9.3.1 Precipitation Methods -- 9.3.2 Adsorption and Ion Exchange Methods -- 9.3.3 Membrane Technology -- 9.4 Point-of-use and Point-of-Entry Devices -- 9.5 Case Study in Southwestern Taiwan -- 9.6 Recommendations -- 10: Future Areas of Study and Tasks for the Taiwan Arsenic Problem -- 10.1 Sources of Arsenic and Mobilization in Groundwater -- 10.2 Human Impact Through the Food Chain -- 10.3 Health Effects of Arsenic in Drinking Water, Treatment, Risk Assessment and Prevention -- 10.4 Future Treatment Demands, Including Nanotechnology -- References -- Subject Index.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- About the Book Series -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Foreword (President, KTH) -- Foreword (president, HsKA) -- Foreword (president, NCKU) -- Organizers -- Scientific Committee -- Editors' Foreword -- List of Contributors -- Section I: Geology, Hydrology, and Hydrogeology of Arsenic -- I.1 Geogenic and anthropogenic sources of arsenic -- Occurrences of Arsenic and Fluoride in Groundwater - a Global Overview -- Sedimentological, Climatic, and Tectonic, Controls on Arsenic Pollution of Groundwater -- Geogenic and Anthropogenic Sources of Arsenic in North Portugal -- Arsenic in Bedrock Aquifers in the Greater Augusta Area, Maine, Usa -- Arsenic Contaminated Groundwater from Parts of Middle Ganga Plain, Uttar Pradesh, India -- Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in Ganga Basin of Bihar, India -- High Arsenic Levels in Water Resources Resulting from Alteration Zones: a Case Study from Biga Peninsula, Turkey -- Groundwater Arsenic in the Holocene Brahmaputra Floodplains of Assam, Northeastern India: Distribution and Trends of Hydrogeochemical Variations -- Hydrogeochemistry of the Alluvial Aquifers of the Central Gangetic Plain in India: Constraints on Source and Mobility of Arsenic -- Distribution Characteristics of High-Fluoride and High-Arsenic Groundwater and Countermeasures in Huzhou Area of Zhejiang Province -- Arsenic Contamination in the Sediments of the Daliao River System in China -- Arsenic Enrichment and Sources in Surface Water and Soil in Yarlung Tsangpo and Singe Tsangpo Drainages in Tibet -- Analysis of Spatial Variability of Arsenic Concentration in Spring Waters in Central Iberian Zone (Province of ávila, Spain) Using Principal Component Analysis and Geostatistical Tools -- Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater of an Giang and Dong thap Provinces in Vietnam. , Temporal Variation of Groundwater Arsenic in Shallow Groundwater from the Hetao Basin, Inner Mongolia -- Geothermal Arsenic -- Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater of Bangladesh -- Arsenic in Groundwater in Northern Sweden -- Groundwater Contamination by Arsenic in Datong Basin, China -- Arsenic Distributions in Rivers Around the World Largest Antimony Mine of Xikuangshan in Hunan Province of China -- Distribution of Arsenic in Sediment from San Juan River Basin in Nuevo Leon, Mexico -- The Role of Common Metal Contaminants on Arsenic Speciationin Soils and on Common Soil Minerals -- Redox Zoning in Arsenic-Rich Groundwater, West Bengal, India -- Arsenic Mobilization in Shallow Alluvial Aquifers of Chapai-Nawabganj District, Northwestern Bangladesh -- Arsenic Species in the High Arsenic Groundwater of Shanxi, China -- Arsenic Cycling, Thioarsenates and Orpiment Precipitation at a Shallow Sea Hydrothermal System, Milos Island, Greece -- Speciation of Arsenic in Water -- Arsenic Speciation in Dust and Rain -- I.3 Arsenic release into the groundwater: Water-rock interaction processes -- Multivariate and Hydrogeochemical Analyses of Arsenic-Affectedaquifers: Implication to Arsenic Release Processes -- Arsenic Distribution and the Influential Factors in the Guandu Wetland of Northern Taiwan -- Delineating Areas of Groundwater Arsenic Contamination from Surface Parameters and Geology at Depth -- Sediment Geochemistry and Arsenic Mobilization in Shallow Aquifers of Western Hetao Basin, Inner Mongolia -- Temporal and Spatial Variations of Geogenic Arsenic in an Aquifer in West Bengal, India -- Subsurface Sediment Analysis of Gangetic Aquifer: Arsenic Binding Characteristics -- Flushing of Arsenic from Aquifer: Implications for Safe Drinking Water Options in High Arsenic Occurrence Areas. , Influences of Hydrological Variables on the as Variation in Shallow Groundwater of Southwestern Taiwan -- Impact of Paleo-Redox Processes on Arsenic Distribution and Mobility in Sediments -- Effect of Traditional Jute Producing Techniques in Mobilization of Arsenic in the Bengal Delta -- Geochemistry and Arsenic Scenario in Shuklaganj Area of Kanpur-unnao District, Uttar Pradesh, India -- Delimiting the Shallow Aquifer Characteristics Using Vertical Electric Soundings (VES) and Hydrochemical Variability in a Region with High Arsenic Groundwater in Southeastern Bangladesh -- Arsenic Contamination and Mobility in Forest Soils Under Impact of Copper Smelter in SW Poland -- Geochemical and Mineralogical Contrasts Between Low and Very High Arsenic Affected Areas in Murshidabad District, West Bengal, India -- Fe(II)-Fe(III)-Bearing Phases as a Mineralogical Control on Arsenic Release in Southeast Asian Aquifers -- Study of Arsenic Mobilization Through the Sediments of the Padma-Jamuna Belt -- Temporal Variations in Arsenic and 3h/3he Ages of Groundwater from West Bengal, and their Implications -- Transformation, Sorption, and Transport of Arsenic Species in Geological Media -- Arsenic Adsorption and Desorption Processes Downstream of a Fijian Gold Mine -- Geochemical Characteristics of the Arsenic-Enriched Groundwater from India, Bangladesh and Taiwan -- Geochemistry of Arsenic in Bengal Delta Plain (West Bengal, India) -- Seasonal Hydrology and Its Influence on Arsenic Transport in a Coastal Wetland, Southwest of Western Australia -- Influence of Arsenic Surface Adsorption and Iron Reduction on Arsenic Mobilization and Reduction by Shewanella Putrefaciens Strain CN-32 -- The Bioavailability of Organic Matter as a Controlling Factor on Arsenic Release in Asian Aquifers. , Biogeochemical Interactions Among the Arsenic, Iron, Humic Substances, and Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Mud Volcanoes in Southern Taiwan -- Contribution of Reducing Bacteria to Mobilization and Transformation of Arsenic in Groundwater -- Microbial Characterization of Holocene Alluvial Sediments in the Meghna Flood Plain of Matlab Upazila, Bangladesh -- Microbe-Enhanced Mobility of Arsenic in Deep Pleistocene Aquifers in Bangladesh -- Interactions of Arsenic and Humic Acid on Al2O3 -- Groundwater Modeling for Assessment of the Sustainability of Low-As Aquifers in Regions with High As-groundwater in SE-bangladesh -- Groundwater Transport Modeling in Arsenic Affected Regions in Nadia and North 24-Paraganas Districts, West Bengal, India -- Potential Arsenic Hazard Risk in Groundwater in China -- Arsenic Exposure in Coal Burning Area of Central India -- Risk-Based Selection of Drinking Water Well Location in an Arsenic Containing Aquifer -- Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Arsenic in Groundwater in Chia-Nan Plain Using GIS Tools -- Section II: Ecological Effects: Arsenic in Soils, Plants and Food Chain Cycle -- II.1 Arsenic in soils and related chemical and biological processes -- Biogeochemistry of Arsenic and Heavy Metals in Soils of Mining Areas (North of Portugal) -- Arsenic and Lead (Beudantite) Contamination of Agricultural Rice Soils in the Guandu Plain of Northern Taiwan -- Arsenic in Wetland Sediments - Impacts of Iron and Manganese Mining Activities -- Liming and P Addition Slightly Increase as Availability in As-Contaminated Soils -- Comparison of Stability of Arsenic and Selenium in Contaminated Soils -- Factors Limiting as Availability in Highly As-contaminated Soils in Guandu Plain of Taipei -- II.2 Bioavailability of soil arsenic for plants. , The Effects of Phosphates on Arsenic Uptake by Plants from Soils Polluted with As(III) and As(V) -- Immobilization of Arsenic in Rice Paddy Soil by Iron(II)-Oxidizing Bacteria -- Leaching Characteristics of Arsenic from Paddy Field Soil of Bangladesh: Role of Calcium and Magnesium -- Could Flowers Be Grown in Arsenic Polluted Soils and Be an Extra-Source of Income for Rural Villagers of India? -- Arsenic Uptake by Flora and Fauna in Northern Sweden -- II.3 Phytotoxicity of Arsenic -- Phytotoxicity of Arsenate on Pigment Content and Photosynthetic Enzymes of Marrow Plants -- Protective Effect of Nitric Oxide Against As-Induced Toxicity in Rice Roots -- Arsenic Impairs Sugar and Protein Metabolism During Germination in Mung Bean -- II.4 Transfer and Transformation of Arsenic in Food Chain Cycle -- Transfer of Arsenic from Contaminated Groundwater and Soils to Crops and Vegetables: a Study in Gangetic Delta of West Bengal, India -- Arsenic Accumulation and Transformation in Freshwater Microalgae -- Correlation of Arsenic in Water, Soil and Food Chain at Highly Arsenic Endemic Areas -- Accumulation and Distribution of Arsenic in Pond Snail and Fish with Different Feeding Strategies and Effects of Phosphorous Contamination in Wetland Microcosms -- II.5 Total Arsenic and Arsenic Speciation in Food -- Arsenic Concentration in Poultry and Livestock Feeds and Manures from Intensive Farms -- Arsenic Contents in Plants Species Growing on Arsenic Enriched Soils in Tuscany (Italy) -- II.6 Bioavailability of Arsenic and Exposure -- Bioavailability and Speciation of Arsenic Contaminated Food and the Relevance to Human Exposure -- Arsenic Poisoning Caused by Coal Combustion - a Review -- Impact of Chronic Exposure to Arsenic in Combination with Mercury Cobalt and Nickel in Cirrihinus Mrigala. , A Modified Rice Dehusking and Cooking Method Can Reduce Arsenic Exposure in Vulnerable Population by 20 per Cent.