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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variability within Phaeoisariopsis griseola from Central America and its implications for resistance breeding of common bean (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 51 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The genetic and virulence variability of 112 isolates of Phaeoisariopsis griseola, collected from various locations in Central America, were studied using seven random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers and 12 common-bean differential genotypes. Broad molecular diversity (H = 0·92) among isolates was found using RAPD markers. Fifty pathotypes were identified on 12 differential bean genotypes, 29 of which were represented by only one isolate. Only 18 pathotypes were found in two or more countries. Pathotype 63-63 was the most virulent and caused leaf spots on all 12 common-bean differential genotypes. Comparison of virulence phenotypes and RAPD profiles to known Andean P. griseola isolates confirmed that all isolates belonged to the Mesoamerican group. Pairwise comparison between individual RAPD loci showed that the majority were in gametic phase linkage disequilibrium, revealing that P. griseola maintains a genetic structure that is consistent with asexual reproduction. The molecular and virulence diversities of P. griseola isolates from Central America imply that using single resistance genes to manage angular leaf spot is inadequate and stacking resistance genes may be necessary to manage the disease effectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2002.00742.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma with cisplatin plus tamoxifen (1996)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 38 (1996), S. 191-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Key words Malignant melanoma ; Chemotherapy ; Cisplatin ; Tamoxifen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A phase II study was performed to assess the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of cisplatin (CDDP) and tamoxifen (TAM) in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma (MM). A total of 31 consecutive previously untreated patients with unresectable measurable MM were given 100 mg/m2 CDDP every 21 days and 60 mg TAM every 12 h daily. All courses were given on an outpatient basis. A total of 119 courses of treatment were given. In all, 5 of the 31 patients (16%) had an objective response (95% confidence interval 5.3 – 34%) and 2 (6%) achieved a clinical complete response. The median duration of response was 7 months. The main side effect was gastrointestinal: 13% of the patients experienced grade 3/4 nausea/vomiting. Hematological or neurological toxicities were mild and rare. In conclusion, the combination CDDP-TAM has limited activity in MM, although its toxicity is tolerable. Our results do not allow us to recommend its use for the treatment of MM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002800050469
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of trace level impurities in uranium compounds by ICP-AES after organic extraction (1996)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 355 (1996), S. 680-683 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The determination was studied of Al, B, Be, Cd, Ca, Co, Cu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Si, Sn, V, Cr, Ni, and Fe as trace level impurities in uranium compounds by ICP-AES after extraction of uranium with three different mixtures of di-(2-ethyl-hexyl) phosphate (D2EHP) and tri-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-phosphate (T2EHP) in solvents like toluene, carbon tetrachloride, hexane and cyclohexane. The study was carried out in presence of different concentrations of HCl and HNO3. A single extraction with D2EHP in cyclohexane using nitric acid as matrix was sufficient to reduce the U3O8 concentration from 100 g/l to 100 μg/ml. The ICP-AES instrumentation applied, allowed the determination of metal concentrations ten-times lower than those usually found in nuclear grade U3O8. To check the efficiency of the extraction and the accuracy of the proposed method, Certified Reference Materials were used in the dissolution and extraction steps. The method described can be used for the determination of trace metals in nuclear grade U3O8.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0021663550680
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  • 4
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    {beta}-Tubulin IIa SNPs Associated with Paclitaxel Neuropathy (2012)
    The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-16
    Description: Purpose: Peripheral neuropathy is the dose-limiting toxicity of paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic drug widely used to treat several solid tumors such as breast, lung, and ovary. The cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel is mediated through β-tubulin binding in the cellular microtubules. In this study, we investigated the association between paclitaxel neurotoxicity risk and regulatory genetic variants in β-tubulin genes. Experimental Design: We measured variation in gene expression of three β-tubulin isotypes (I, IVb, and IIa) in lymphocytes from 100 healthy volunteers, sequenced the promoter region to identify polymorphisms putatively influencing gene expression and assessed the transcription rate of the identified variants using luciferase assays. To determine whether the identified regulatory polymorphisms were associated with paclitaxel neurotoxicity, we genotyped them in 214 patients treated with paclitaxel. In addition, paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in lymphoblastoid cell lines was compared with β-tubulin expression as measured by Affymetrix exon array. Results: We found a 63-fold variation in β-tubulin IIa gene ( TUBB2A ) mRNA content and three polymorphisms located at –101, –112, and –157 in TUBB2A promoter correlated with increased mRNA levels. The –101 and –112 variants, in total linkage disequilibrium, conferred TUBB2A increased transcription rate. Furthermore, these variants protected from paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy [HR, 0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.42–0.93; P = 0.021, multivariable analysis]. In addition, an inverse correlation between TUBB2A and paclitaxel-induced apoptosis ( P = 0.001) in lymphoblastoid cell lines further supported that higher TUBB2A gene expression conferred lower paclitaxel sensitivity. Conclusions: This is the first study showing that paclitaxel neuropathy risk is influenced by polymorphisms regulating the expression of a β-tubulin gene. Clin Cancer Res; 18(16); 4441–8. ©2012 AACR .
    Print ISSN: 1078-0432
    Electronic ISSN: 1557-3265
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
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  • 5
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    Loss of a mammalian circular RNA locus causes miRNA deregulation and affects brain function (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-22
    Description: Hundreds of circular RNAs (circRNAs) are highly abundant in the mammalian brain, often with conserved expression. Here we show that the circRNA Cdr1as is massively bound by the microRNAs (miRNAs) miR-7 and miR-671 in human and mouse brains. When the Cdr1as locus was removed from the mouse genome, knockout animals displayed impaired sensorimotor gating—a deficit in the ability to filter out unnecessary information—which is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Electrophysiological recordings revealed dysfunctional synaptic transmission. Expression of miR-7 and miR-671 was specifically and posttranscriptionally misregulated in all brain regions analyzed. Expression of immediate early genes such as Fos , a direct miR-7 target, was enhanced in Cdr1as -deficient brains, providing a possible molecular link to the behavioral phenotype. Our data indicate an in vivo loss-of-function circRNA phenotype and suggest that interactions between Cdr1as and miRNAs are important for normal brain function.
    Keywords: Molecular Biology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Morphological analysis of two sympatric ecotypes and predator-induced phenotypic plasticity in Acanthina monodon (Gastropoda: Muricidae) (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-28
    Description: Some marine gastropod species are characterized by having marked polymorphism in the shape, colour and thickness of their shells. This variation can be induced by physical or biological factors such as wave exposure and predation. We examined shell variation in the direct-developing Acanthina monodon . In a field survey, we collected and analysed two snail ecotypes: a thick-shelled ecotype from environments with intense predation by the crab Homalaspis plana , and a thin-shelled ecotype from environments where predation was negligible. When we controlled for shell length, the thick-shelled ecotype had a heavier and thicker shell, but lower body weight, than the thin-shelled ecotype. However, only shell thickness and body weight showed a significant difference between habitat types. In order to determine the nature of shell variation in A. monodon , we conducted a laboratory experiment with juvenile snails from sites where the predation was low or absent. Seawater aquaria containing crabs were connected to aquaria containing snails via a cylinder with flows that enabled the transport of seawater from crabs to the snails' aquaria. The snails treated with seawater-borne stimuli (predation treatment) developed thicker shells than the snails raised in the absence of the stimulus (control treatment). We suggest that adaptive phenotypic plasticity may account for part of the shell variation surveyed in the field. We discuss the metabolic and reproductive costs of maintaining anti-predator defence strategies that involve adaptive morphological changes to a particular environment.
    Print ISSN: 0260-1230
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3766
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Genome-wide association study identifies ephrin type A receptors implicated in paclitaxel induced peripheral sensory neuropathy (2013)
    BMJ Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-17
    Description: Background Peripheral neuropathy is the dose limiting toxicity of paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic drug widely used to treat solid tumours. This toxicity exhibits great inter-individual variability of unknown origin. The present study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with paclitaxel induced neuropathy via a whole genome approach. Methods A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed in 144 white European patients uniformly treated with paclitaxel/carboplatin and for whom detailed data on neuropathy was available. Per allele single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations were assessed by Cox regression, modelling the cumulative dose of paclitaxel up to the development of grade 2 sensory neuropathy. Results The strongest evidence of association was observed for the ephrin type A receptor 4 ( EPHA4 ) locus (rs17348202, p=1.0 x 10 –6 ), and EPHA6 and EPHA5 were among the top 25 and 50 hits (rs301927, p=3.4 x 10 –5 and rs1159057, p=6.8 x 10 –5 ), respectively. A meta-analysis of EPHA5 -rs7349683, the top marker for paclitaxel induced neuropathy in a previous GWAS (r 2 =0.79 with rs1159057), gave a hazard ratio (HR) estimate of 1.68 (p=1.4 x 10 –9 ). Meta-analysis of the second hit of this GWAS, XKR4 -rs4737264, gave a HR of 1.71 (p=3.1 x 10 –8 ). Imputed SNPs at LIMK2 locus were also strongly associated with this toxicity (HR=2.78, p=2.0 x 10 –7 ). Conclusions This study provides independent support of EPHA5 -rs7349683 and XKR4 -rs4737264 as the first markers of risk of paclitaxel induced neuropathy. In addition, it suggests that other EPHA genes also involved in axonal guidance and repair following neural injury, as well as LIMK2 locus, may play an important role in the development of this toxicity. The identified SNPs could form the basis for individualised paclitaxel chemotherapy.
    Keywords: Molecular genetics, Neuromuscular disease, Peripheral nerve disease
    Print ISSN: 0022-2593
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-6244
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing Group
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  • 8
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    Eddy covariance measurements of turbulent fluxes over snow and tephra surfaces at ice-covered Villarrica Volcano, southern Chile (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-16
    Description: Villarrica Volcano is an active ice-covered volcano in southern Chile (2847 m a.s.l., 39°25’12’’ S, 71°56’27’’W), with a current glacier extent of 23.6 km〈sup〉2〈/sup〉. To investigate meteorological conditions and the impact of ongoing climatic warming on glacier melt, an automatic weather station (AWS) was installed at 1900 m a.s.l. on a tephra-covered surface in the glacier ablation zone in December 2019, providing continuous measurements of meteorological variables and tephra temperatures. To give further insight into the turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat at the glacier surface, an eddy covariance system, consisting of a parallel-mounted 3D sonic anemometer and krypton hygrometer, was deployed over tephra and snow surfaces close to the AWS between 12-16 January 2023. During the summer, snow and ice are subject to intense insolation and positive air temperatures, with high melt rates further amplified by surface darkening from windblown low-albedo tephra. In contrast, ice beneath extensive areas of tephra cover in the lower ablation zone is effectively insulated, with much lower ablation rates. Both tephra and snow exhibit predominantly negative latent heat fluxes, indicating surface water evaporation, with notably high magnitude and variable fluxes at the tephra site during the afternoon when surface temperature exceeds 35°C. The snow site is predominantly a sink of atmospheric sensible heat, due to positive air temperatures, while the tephra site alternates between positive and negative sensible heat fluxes, determined by high daytime and low night-time surface temperature, respectively. These measurements will be used to inform approaches to modelling the turbulent fluxes.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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