Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents - Part III -- Biomedical Information -- Classification of Neuroblastoma Histopathological Images Using Machine Learning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Dataset -- 2.2 Experimental Setup -- 3 Results -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Data Mining ENCODE Data Predicts a Significant Role of SINA3 in Human Liver Cancer -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Co-location of TFBS Analysis -- 3.2 HBV-transfection Effect on Histone Modification -- 4 Discussion -- References -- Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Using Multi-layer Neural Networks and Split Attention with Focal Loss -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Proposed Approach -- 3.2 Dataset -- 3.3 Data Pre-processing -- 3.4 Metrics for Performance Evaluation -- 4 Experimental Results and Discussion -- 5 Analysis -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Enhancer-DSNet: A Supervisedly Prepared Enriched Sequence Representation for the Identification of Enhancers and Their Strength -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Proposed Enhancer-DSNet Methodology -- 4 Benchmark Dataset -- 5 Evaluation Metrics -- 6 Experimental Setup and Results -- 6.1 Results -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Machine Learned Pulse Transit Time (MLPTT) Measurements from Photoplethysmography -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Design -- 2.1 Machine Learned Pulse Transit Time -- 2.2 HeartPy Pulse Transit Time -- 3 Analysis -- 3.1 Methods -- 4 Results -- 4.1 BIDMC Patient 6 Drilldown -- 5 Discussion -- 5.1 Limitations -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Weight Aware Feature Enriched Biomedical Lexical Answer Type Prediction -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Pre-processing -- 3.2 Feature Selection -- 3.3 LAT Prediction -- 4 Experimental Study -- 4.1 Dataset and Experiment Configuration. , 4.2 Evaluation Metrics and Baseline -- 4.3 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Neural Data Analysis -- Decoding Olfactory Cognition: EEG Functional Modularity Analysis Reveals Differences in Perception of Positively-Valenced Stimuli -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Recruitment of Participants -- 2.2 Experimental Protocol -- 2.3 EEG Data Acquisition and Preprocessing -- 2.4 EEG Data Analysis - Community Detection -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Partitioning the Functional Connectivity Networks -- 3.2 Inter-module Metrics -- 3.3 Intra-module Metrics -- 4 Discussion -- 4.1 Alterations in the Inter-module Metrics in the Community Functional Connectivity Organisation -- 4.2 Variations in the Intra-module Metrics in the Community Functional Connectivity Organisation -- 5 Conclusions -- A Appendix: Anatomical Segregation of ROIs in Communities -- References -- Identifying Motor Imagery-Related Electroencephalogram Features During Motor Execution -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Method -- 2.1 Experiment and Preprocessing Procedure -- 2.2 Data Analysis -- 3 Result -- 3.1 Checking Muscle Activity During Motor Imagery EMG -- 3.2 Difference Between Motor Imagery and Execution EEG -- 3.3 Classification Accuracy a Single Trial -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Inter and Intra Individual Variations of Cortical Functional Boundaries Depending on Brain States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Method -- 2.1 Material and Preprocessing -- 2.2 Feature of Boundary and the Index Measuring Boundary Variation -- 2.3 Statistical Differences of Boundary Variation Distribution -- 2.4 Inter-subject Boundary Variation -- 2.5 Intra-subject Boundary Variation -- 2.6 Comparison of Boundary Variation Between Inter- and Intra-subject -- 3 Result -- 3.1 Tendency of Inter- and Intra-subject Boundary Variation. , 3.2 Rankings of Inter- and Intra-subject Boundary Variation on Statistics -- 3.3 Comparison of Boundary Variation Between Inter- and Intra-subject -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Phase Synchronization Indices for Classification of Action Intention Understanding Based on EEG Signals -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Method -- 2.1 Subjects -- 2.2 Experimental Paradigm -- 2.3 Data Collection and Preprocessing -- 2.4 Phase Synchronization Indices -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Action Intention Understanding Classification -- 3.2 Brain Network Statistics -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- The Evaluation of Brain Age Prediction by Different Functional Brain Network Construction Methods -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Participants and Data Preprocessing -- 2.2 Construction of the BFN -- 2.3 Evaluation of Brain Age Prediction -- 2.4 Evaluation Metrics -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 The Brain Functional Network (BFN) -- 3.2 Prediction Performance -- 3.3 Consensus Features and Discriminative Brain Regions -- 4 Conclusion and Limitation -- References -- Transfer Dataset in Image Segmentation Use Case -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Transfer Dataset: Our Approach -- 2.1 Our Preliminary Dataset -- 2.2 The Change of Task and Data Augmentation -- 3 Experiments: Settings and Results -- 3.1 Initial Test of Many Networks -- 3.2 More Precise Tests of the Best Architecture -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Neural Network Models -- A Gaussian Process-Based Incremental Neural Network for Online Regression -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Proposed Method -- 2.1 Overview of SOINN -- 2.2 Gaussian Process and Bandwidth Matrix Optimization -- 2.3 Posterior Approximation -- 2.4 Threshold Region Determination -- 2.5 Property Discussion -- 2.6 Algorithm: A Gaussian Process-Based Incremental Neural Network for Online Regression -- 3 Experimental Results. , 3.1 Synthetic Data -- 3.2 Real-World Data -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Analysis on the Boltzmann Machine with Random Input Drifts in Activation Function -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 Main Result -- 4 Simulations -- 4.1 Use of Theorem 1 -- 4.2 Use of Theorem 3 -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Are Deep Neural Architectures Losing Information? Invertibility is Indispensable -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 2.1 Residual Blocks -- 2.2 Flow-Based Generative Models -- 2.3 Mutual Information -- 3 Conditions When Deep Architectures Lose Information -- 4 Flow-Based Image Restoration Models -- 4.1 Architecture Overview -- 4.2 Encoder and Decoder -- 4.3 Invertible Local Spatial Feature Extraction -- 4.4 Steps of Flow -- 4.5 Loss Function -- 5 Experiments -- 5.1 Experimental Settings -- 5.2 Comparison on Image Restoration Tasks -- 6 Discussion and Future Work -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Automatic Dropout for Deep Neural Networks -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Automatic Dropout -- 2.2 Adaptive Dropout Based on Clustering -- 3 Evaluation -- 3.1 Experiments -- 3.2 Results -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Bayesian Randomly Wired Neural Network with Variational Inference for Image Recognition -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 2.1 Variational Inference -- 2.2 Bayes by Backprop -- 2.3 Randomly Wired Neural Networks -- 3 Methods -- 3.1 Validation Accuracy and Uncertainty Estimation -- 3.2 Activation Function -- 3.3 Network Architecture -- 4 Experiments -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Brain-Inspired Framework for Image Classification with a New Unsupervised Matching Pursuit Encoding -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 UMP Encoding -- 2.2 Unsupervised Kernel Learning -- 2.3 Neuron Model -- 2.4 Multi-spike Learning -- 3 Experiments -- 3.1 Dataset -- 3.2 Experimental Settings -- 3.3 Effect of the Number of Encoding Neurons. , 3.4 Comparison with Different Temporal-Based Encoding -- 3.5 Comparison Between Different Learning Methods -- 3.6 Performance Comparison with Other SNNs -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Estimating Conditional Density of Missing Values Using Deep Gaussian Mixture Model -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Density Model for Missing Data -- 2.1 Gaussian Mixture Model for High Dimensional Data -- 2.2 Conditional Gaussian Density -- 2.3 Deep Conditional Gaussian Density for Missing Data -- 3 Experiments -- 3.1 Gray-Scale Images -- 3.2 CelebA Dataset -- 3.3 Parameters of Conditional Density -- 4 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Environmentally-Friendly Metrics for Evaluating the Performance of Deep Learning Models and Systems -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 The Proposed Deep Learning Metrics -- 4 Experimental Setup and Results -- 5 Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Hybrid Deep Shallow Network for Assessment of Depression Using Electroencephalogram Signals -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Hybrid Depression Diagnostic Framework -- 2.1 CNN-Gated Recurrent Units -- 2.2 1DCNN-Long Short Term Memory -- 3 Experiment -- 3.1 Parameters -- 3.2 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Iterative Imputation of Missing Data Using Auto-Encoder Dynamics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Auto-Encoder Dynamics -- 3 Imputation Method -- 4 Experiments -- 5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Multi-objective Evolution for Deep Neural Network Architecture Search -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Deep and Convolutional Neural Networks -- 4 Multi-objective Evolution for Deep Neural Networks -- 4.1 NSGA-2 and NSGA-3 Algorithms -- 4.2 Individual Encoding -- 4.3 Genetic Operators -- 5 Experiments -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Neural Architecture Search for Extreme Multi-label Text Classification -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work. , 3 Framework and Model.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Note on the Text -- Introduction -- Species Notebook (Recto) -- Species Notebook (Verso) -- Apendix 1. Species Notebook Entries Bearing on Transmutation and Related Topics -- Appendix 2. On Wallace's Critique of Charles Lyell and Principles of Geology -- References -- Acknowledgments -- Note on A. R. Wallace Literary Works -- Index.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Contents -- Alfred Russel Wallace: A Short Biography by Andrew Berry -- Introduction -- 1. Granted the Law: Alfred Russel Wallace's Evolutionary Travels -- 2. The Consilient Mr. Wallace: Transmutation and Related Themes of Wallace's Species Notebook -- 3. Wallace and Darwin: Parallels, Intersections, and Departures on the Evolutionary Road -- 4. Two Indefatigable Naturalists: Wallace and Darwin's Watershed Papers -- 5. A Striking Coincidence: The Wallace and Darwin Papers of 1858 Compared -- 6. True with a Vengeance: From Delicate Arrangement to Conspiracy: A Guide -- Coda: The Force of Admiration -- Appendixes -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Appendix 3 -- Appendix 4 -- Appendix 5 -- Bibliography -- Acknowledgments -- Notes on the Text and Illustrations -- Index.

Anmerkung: Intro -- BERGEY'S MANUAL® OFSystematicBacteriology -- Preface to volume 4 of the second editionof Bergey's Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology -- Contents -- Contributors -- On using the Manual -- Road map of the phyla Bacteroidetes,Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes),Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobac -- Taxonomic outlines of the phyla Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), ­Acidobacteria, Fibrobactere -- Phylum XIV. Bacteroidetes phyl. nov. -- Phylum XV. Spirochaetes Garrity and Holt 2001 -- Phylum XVI. Tenericutes Murray 1984a, 356VP (Effective publication: Murray 1984b, 33.) -- Phylum XVII. Acidobacteria phyl. nov. -- Phylum XVIII. Fibrobacteres Garrity and Holt 2001 -- Phylum XIX. Fusobacteria Garrity and Holt 2001, 140 -- Phylum XX. Dictyoglomi phyl. nov. -- Phylum XXI. Gemmatimonadetes Zhang, Sekiguchi, Hanada, Hugenholtz, Kim, Kamagata and Nakamura 2003, 1161VP -- Phylum XXII. Lentisphaerae Cho, Vergin, Morris and Giovannoni 2004a, 1005VP (Effective publication: Cho, Vergin, Morris and -- Phylum XXIII. Verrucomicrobia phyl. nov. -- Phylum XXIV. Chlamydiae Garrity and Holt 2001 -- Phylum XXV. Planctomycetes Garrity and Holt 2001, 137 emend. Ward (this volume) -- Author index -- Index of scientific names of Archaea and Bacteria.

Anmerkung: Cover -- Half title -- Series page -- Title page -- Copyright -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- CONTRIBUTORS -- A BACKGROUND ESSAY -- SEARCH FOR A WORLDVIEW WHICH CAN ACCOMMODATE OUR KNOWLEDGE OF MICROPHYSICS -- CAN YOU HELP YOUR TEAM TONIGHT BY WATCHING ON TV? MORE EXPERIMENTAL METAPHYSICS FROM EINSTEIN, PODOLSKY, AND ROSEN -- BELL'S THEOREM: A GUIDE TO THE IMPLICATIONS -- THE WAY THE WORLD ISN'T: WHAT THE BELL THEOREMS FORCE US TO GIVE UP -- THE CHARYBDIS OF REALISM: EPISTEMOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF BELL'S INEQUALITY -- A SPACE-TIME APPROACH TO THE BELL INEQUALITY -- NONFACTORIZABILITY. STOCHASTIC CAUSALITY, AND PASSION-AT-A-DISTANCE -- QUANTUM NONLOCALITY AND THE DESCRIPTION OF NATURE -- DO CORRELATIONS NEED TO BE EXPLAINED? -- BELL'S THEOREM, IDEOLOGY, AND STRUCTURAL EXPLANATION -- RELATIVITY, RELATIONAL HOLISM, AND THE BELL INEQUALITIES -- HOLISM, SEPARABILITY, AND THE METAPHYSICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE BELL EXPERIMENTS -- BOHR ON BELL -- THE EXPLANATION OF DISTANT ACTION: HISTORICAL NOTES -- Reference List -- INDEX OF NAMES.

Anmerkung: Intro -- BERGEY'S MANUAL® OFSystematic Bacteriology -- Preface to Volume Two of the Second Edition of Bergey's Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology -- Preface to the First Edition of Bergey's Manual® ofSystematic Bacteriology -- Preface to the First Edition of Bergey's Manual® of Determinative Bacteriology -- Contents -- Contributors -- Class I. Alphaproteobacteria class. nov. -- Class II. Betaproteobacteria class. nov. -- Class IV. Deltaproteobacteria class nov. -- Class V. Epsilonproteobacteria class. nov. -- Bibliography -- Index of Scientific Names of Archaea and Bacteria.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Part I -- Researcher Biographical Sketches -- Chapter 1 -- Khaled M. Abass -- Chapter 2 -- Devendra K. Agrawal -- Chapter 3 -- Aleksandra Arsic -- Chapter 4 -- Antonietta Baiano -- Chapter 5 -- Wei-Hsiang Chen -- Chapter 6 -- Claudia Cocca -- Chapter 7 -- Gamal Esmat -- Chapter 8 -- Pablo Andres Evelson -- Chapter 9 -- Jian-Li Gao -- Chapter 10 -- Bojan Ž. Janković -- Chapter 11 -- Ramaz Katsarava -- Chapter 12 -- Gisela Kristoff -- Chapter 13 -- Elmar W. Kuhn, MD -- Chapter 14 -- Ivana Loncarevic -- Part II -- Research Summaries -- Chapter 15 -- Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Renewable Resources. Research and Development# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 16 -- Resveratrol from Vine to Wine# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 17 -- Production of Grapevine Cell Biomass (Vitis Vinifera L. Gamay) and Resveratrol in Custom and Commercial Bioreactors Using Cyclodextrins and Methyl-Jasmonate Elicitors# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 18 -- Development of Voltammetric Techniques and Sensors for the Determination of Resveratrol# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 19 -- Adsorption Properties of Synthetic Determinations of Resveratrol# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 20 -- A Fast and High-Throughput MEPS/UHPLC-PDA-Based Methodology for Separation and Identification of Resveratrol in Wine# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 21 -- Antioxidant Properties of Resveratrol and Health Protection in Pathophysiological States# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 22 -- Resveratrol and Oxidative Stress of Ageing# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 23 -- Antioxidant Properties of Resveratrol and its Promising Effects in Cardiovascular Disease# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 24 -- Molecular Mechanisms on How Resveratrol Enhances Endothelial NO Production# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 25. , Basis for Resveratrol's Potential for Prevention and Treatment of Obesity and Osteoporosis# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 26 -- Resveratrol and Energy Metabolism# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 27 -- Resveratrol: A Potent Agent against Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 28 -- Evidence to Support Testing of Resveratrol for Efficacy in Rheumatoid Arthritis # -- Research Summary -- Chapter 29 -- Effects of microRNAs in the Biological Response of Resveratrol# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 30 -- Can We Prevent Cancer? The Role of Resveratrol in Chemoprevention# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 31 -- Therapeutic Potential of Resveratrol against Cancers: Focus on Cell Proliferation and Cell Death Pathways# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 32 -- Role of DNA Damage in the Antitumoral Activity of Resveratrol# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 33 -- Resveratrol and Neuroprotection# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 34 -- Resveratrol and Neurodegenerative Diseases# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 35 -- Sources and Food Matrix on the Bioavailability of Resveratrol# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 36 -- Pharmacological Activities, Pharmacokinetics and Delivery Approaches# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 37 -- Resveratrol and Cyclodextrins: Recent Advances in Encapsulation# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 38 -- Clinical Development of Resveratrol# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 39 -- Resveratrol Derivatives and Health Benefits# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 40 -- Molecular Complexation of Glycine by 18-Crown-6 in Aqueous - Organic Solvents: A Solvation -Thermodynamic Study# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 41 -- One-Pot Electrosynthesis of Polypeptides on Surfaces in Concentrated Amino Acid Based Electrolytes: Study of Concentrated Glycine Based Electrolytes and Application to Solid pH Sensor# -- Research Summary. , Chapter 42 -- Heterologous Expression of the Glycine Receptor Chloride Channel# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 43 -- Glycine: Theory of the Interaction with Fast Ion Radiation# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 44 -- Electrochemistry of Aliphatic Bifunctional Molecules: From Polymeric Thin Film Coating to Sensors and Biosensor Applications# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 45 -- Clinical Uses of Glycine# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 46 -- Dihydropyrimidinone Derivatives: Redox Reactivity, Pharmacological Relevance and Medicinal Applications# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 47 -- Biological Implications of Benzoquinones# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 48 -- Quinone Monoacetal Compounds in Application to Controlled Reactions with Nucleophiles# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 49 -- Catecholquinones as Substrates of the NRH: Quinone Oxidoreductase 2 in the Brain and Retina# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 50 -- Plasma Membrane CoQ, Porin, and Redox Control of Autism# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 51 -- Evolutionary Aspects of Oleic Acid Biosynthesis and Incorporation from Unicellular to Multicellular Organisms# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 52 -- Oleic Acid: Natural Variation and Potential Enhancement in Oilseed Crops# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 53 -- Volume and Adsorption Properties of Oleic Acid Solutions# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 54 -- Microbial Transformations of Oleic Acid# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 55 -- Oleic Acid: Conversion of Free Fatty -- Acids into Biodiesel Over Heterogeneous Catalysts# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 56 -- Sources of Oleic Acid and Their Technological and Health Implications -- Research Summary -- Chapter 57 -- Oleic Acid in Milk of Different Mammalian Species# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 58 -- Oleic Acid and Blood Brain Barrier# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 59. , Food Supplementation with Vegetable Oils Rich in Oleic Acid: Health-Promoting Effects and Application Viability# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 60 -- Applications of Oleic Acid on Nanotechnology Concerning Enzyme Immobilization Techiniques# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 61 -- Oleic Acid and Cancer: From Therapeutic to Co-Adjuvant Agents in Anticancer Approaches# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 62 -- Biological Activities of Kaempferol: Effect of Cyclodextrins Complexation on the Properties of Kaempferol# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 63 -- Kaempferol and Kaempferitrin: Nutraceutical Compounds Contribute to Glucose Homeostasis by Acting at Multiple Biological Sites# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 64 -- Distribution of Kaempferol Glycosides and their Function in Plants# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 65 -- Analytical Approaches for Kaempferol Determination# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 66 -- Chemoprotective Effects of Kaempferol in Colorectal Tumorigenesis# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 67 -- Multipotent Flavonoid Kaempferol: Molecular Targets and Mechanism of Action and Nanotechnology Applications in Cancer and Human Health# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 68 -- Metal Complexes of Kaempferol and their Speciation in Human Plasma# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 69 -- The Action of Kaempferol on Oral Cavity Cancer and Airway Secretion# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 70 -- Kaempferol Regulates Intestinal Tight Junction Permeability# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 71 -- Identification of Kaempferol in Historical Textiles: A Case Study on Textiles of Byzantine Origin# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 72 -- Gallic Acid as a Source to Use for Increasing Functional Properties of Food Products# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 73 -- Gallic Acid Implications in Health: Multi-Therapeutic and Protective Agent# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 74. , Gallic Acid: Thermal and Antioxidant Properties# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 75 -- Gallic Acid: Applications, Analysis and Electrochemical Characterisation# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 76 -- The Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Roles of Gallic Acid on Transcriptional Regulation# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 77 -- Gallic Acid Extraction and Its Application to Prevention and Treatment of Cancer# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 78 -- Gallic Acid: Occurrence in Plant Foods and Effects of Agricultural Practices, Vegetative Stage and Processing# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 79 -- Gallic Acid: Occurrences, Antioxidant Activity and Health Implications# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 80 -- Antioxidant, Antitumoral and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Gallic Acid# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 81 -- Biotechnological Production of Gallic Acid# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 82 -- Gallic Acid as a Useful Indicator of the Antioxidant Capacity of Liquid Foods?# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 83 -- Antioxidant and Cancer Protective Effects of Gallic Acid In Vitro and In Vivo# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 84 -- Application of Spectroscopic Techniques for the Study of Gallic Acid Autoxidation# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 85 -- Gallic Acid Bioavailability in Humans# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 86 -- Gallic Acid and Its Derivatives: Occurrence and Identification in High Altitude Edible and Medicinal Plants# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 87 -- An Overview of the Techniques Used to Estimate the Antioxidant Activity of Gallic Acid# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 88 -- Microbial Transformation of Lactose: Potential of (-Galactosidases for Probiotic and Prebiotic Purposes# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 89 -- Milk, Lactose, Lactase: The Medical Adventure# -- Research Summary -- Chapter 90. , Whey Lactose Fermentation by Kefir Immobilized on Agro-Industrial Wastes#.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Cells and Molecules: The Unity of Life -- 2. Stem Cells: Embryos, Therapeutic Cloning, and Personhood -- 3. Embryo Selection: Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis -- 4. The Human Genome Project: Spin-Offs and Fallout -- 5. Human Diversity, Genes, and Medicine: Richness and Dangers -- 6. Genetic Enhancement: Humankind Healing and Redesigning Itself -- 7. Human Reproductive Cloning: Sameness, Uniqueness, and Personal Identity -- 8. Age Retardation: Chasing Immortality for Better or Worse -- 9. The Mind: Neuroenhancement and Neuroethics -- 10. Synthetic Biology: From Cocreator to Creator -- Conclusion -- Epilogue -- Glossary -- References -- Index.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Methods for Sampling and Analyzing Wetland Algae -- 1.1 Scope and Purpose -- 1.1.1 Algal Biology and Phylogeny -- 1.1.2 Algal Habitats -- 1.1.3 Ecological Roles -- 1.2 Collection -- 1.2.1 Phytoplankton -- 1.2.2 Metaphyton -- 1.2.3 Benthic Algae -- 1.3 Identification, Enumeration, and Preservation -- 1.3.1 Taxonomic References and On-Line Resources -- 1.3.2 Slide-Making and Enumeration -- 1.3.3 Relative and Absolute Abundance -- Phytoplankton: -- Benthic Algae and Metaphyton: -- 1.3.4 Preservation Techniques -- 1.3.5 Digital Image Archives -- 1.4 Biomass and Biovolume -- 1.4.1 Wet Mass, Dry Mass, and Ash-Free Dry Mass -- Phytoplankton: -- Benthic Algae or Metaphyton: -- Phytoplankton: -- Benthic Algae or Metaphyton: -- 1.4.2 Quantitative Pigment Analysis -- Phytoplankton: -- Benthic Algae or Metaphyton: -- 1.4.3 Biovolume -- Phytoplankton: -- Benthic Algae or Metaphyton: -- 1.5 Productivity and Photosynthetic Activity -- 1.5.1 Biomass-Based Methods -- 1.5.2 Oxygen-Based Methods -- 1.5.2.1 Phytoplankton -- 1.5.2.2 Metaphyton -- 1.5.2.3 Benthic Algae -- 1.5.3 14C-Based Methods -- 1.5.3.1 Phytoplankton -- 1.5.3.2 Metaphyton -- 1.5.3.3 Benthic Algae -- 1.6 Extracellular Enzyme Activity -- 1.7 Nutrient Content, Uptake and Limitation -- 1.7.1 Algal Nutrient Content -- 1.7.1.1 Phosphorus Content -- 1.7.1.2 Nitrogen Content -- 1.7.2 Nutrient Limitation -- 1.7.2.1 Stoichiometric Inferences -- 1.7.2.2 Empirical Determination -- References -- Student Exercises -- Classroom Exercises -- Laboratory Exercises -- Chapter 2: Methods for Sampling and Analyzing Wetland Soil Bacterial Community -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Wetland Soil Sampling -- 2.2.1 Sampling Considerations -- 2.2.2 Sample Collection -- 2.2.3 Sample Transport and Storage -- 2.2.4 Sample Processing. , 2.3 Analysis of Bacterial Community -- 2.3.1 Cultivation-Based Methods -- 2.3.1.1 Preparation of Media -- 2.3.1.2 Isolation of Strains -- 2.3.1.3 Strain Identification -- 2.3.2 Cultivation-Independent Methods -- 2.3.2.1 DNA Extraction -- 2.3.2.2 PCR Amplification -- 2.3.2.3 16S rRNA Cloning Library, RFLP, and Sequence Analysis -- 2.3.2.4 DGGE -- 2.3.2.5 T-RFLP -- 2.3.2.6 FISH -- 2.3.2.7 High-Throughput Technologies -- 2.4 Summary -- References -- Chapter 3: Methods for Sampling and Analyzing Wetland Fungi -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Fungi and Fungus-Like Organisms Found in Wetlands -- 3.2.1 Chytridiomycota -- 3.2.2 Water Molds -- 3.2.3 Zygomycota -- 3.2.4 Glomeromycota -- 3.2.5 Ascomycota -- 3.2.6 Basidiomycota -- 3.2.7 Slime Molds and Lichens -- 3.3 Ecological Roles of Fungi in Wetland Habitats -- 3.4 Wetlands as a General Habitat for Fungi -- 3.5 Fungi and Fungus-Like Organisms Associated with the Different Microhabitats Found in Wetlands -- 3.6 General Methods/Techniques Used to Sample the Various Groups of Fungi -- References -- Student Exercises -- Laboratory Exercises -- Laboratory Exercise #1: Biodiversity of Macrofungi, Slime Molds and Lichens -- Laboratory Exercise #2: Biodiversity of Non-zoosporic Microfungi -- Laboratory Exercise #3: Biodiversity of Zoosporic Fungi -- Classroom Exercises -- Classroom Exercise #1: Isolation of Zoosporic Fungi -- Classroom Exercise #2: Isolation of Non-Zoosporic Fungi -- Literature for Identifying Fungi -- Glossary - Wetland Fungi -- Chapter 4: Methods for Sampling and Analyzing Wetland Protozoa (Protists) -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Protozoa Biology -- 4.2.1 Nutrition -- 4.2.2 Reproduction -- 4.3 Risks of Acquiring Waterborne Infections -- 4.4 Wetland Principles and Protozoan Survival -- 4.5 Detection of Protozoa in Wetlands -- 4.5.1 Sample Collection and Concentration Methods -- 4.5.1.1 Large Volume Sampling. , 4.5.1.2 Small Volume Sampling -- 4.5.2 Separation Methods -- 4.5.2.1 Density Centrifugation -- 4.5.2.2 Immunomagnetic Separation -- 4.5.2.3 Flow Cytometry -- 4.5.3 Identification Methods -- 4.5.3.1 Immunofluorescence Microscopy -- 4.5.3.2 Fluorescence In-situ Hybridization (FISH) -- 4.5.3.3 Polymerase Chain Reaction -- 4.6 Langenreichenbach, Germany Case Study -- 4.6.1 Field Trial Application -- 4.6.2 Parasitological Analysis -- 4.6.3 Results Obtained at the Pilot Plant -- 4.6.4 Conclusion Field Trial -- 4.7 Outlook -- References -- Student Exercises -- Classroom Exercises -- Chapter 5: Sampling and Processing Aquatic and Terrestrial Invertebrates in Wetlands -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Selecting a Sampling Device and Developing a Sampling Design -- 5.3 Sampling Benthic Invertebrates -- 5.3.1 Grabs -- 5.3.2 Cores -- 5.3.3 Dredges -- 5.3.4 Nets -- 5.3.5 Artificial Substrates -- 5.3.6 Comparative Methodologies for Benthic Sampling -- 5.4 Sampling Water-Column Invertebrates -- 5.4.1 Open Cylinders -- 5.4.2 Emergence Traps -- 5.4.3 Activity Traps -- 5.4.4 Sweep Nets -- 5.4.5 Other Techniques for Water-Column Sampling -- 5.4.6 Comparative Methodologies for Water-Column Sampling -- 5.5 Sampling Epiphytic Invertebrates -- 5.5.1 Box Samplers -- 5.5.2 Quadrat Sampling -- 5.5.3 Other Techniques -- 5.5.4 Comparative Studies -- 5.6 Complementary Techniques -- 5.7 Sampling Terrestrial Invertebrates -- 5.8 Sampling Techniques for Flying Invertebrates -- 5.8.1 Aerial Nets -- 5.8.2 Flight Intercept Traps -- 5.8.3 Light Traps -- 5.8.4 Malaise Traps -- 5.8.5 Pan Traps -- 5.8.6 Sticky Traps -- 5.9 Sampling Techniques for Non-flying Invertebrates -- 5.9.1 Sweep Netting -- 5.9.2 Aspirators -- 5.9.3 Vacuum Sampling -- 5.9.4 Berlese-Tullgren Funnels -- 5.9.5 Beating Sheet -- 5.9.6 Emergence Traps -- 5.9.7 Mist Nets -- 5.9.8 Pitfall Traps. , 5.10 Processing and Identification of Invertebrates -- 5.10.1 Sieving, Sub-sampling and Compositing -- 5.10.2 Sample Sorting and Preservation -- 5.10.3 Handling Terrestrial Invertebrate Samples -- 5.10.4 How to Kill Sampled Terrestrial Invertebrates -- 5.10.4.1 Kill Jar -- 5.10.4.2 Vials with Alcohol -- 5.10.5 How to Handle Dead Terrestrial Invertebrate Samples -- 5.10.6 How to Handle Live Terrestrial Invertebrate Samples -- 5.10.7 Identification of Invertebrates -- References -- Student Exercises -- Classroom Exercises -- Classroom Exercise 1: Understanding Taxonomy -- A Simple Key for Identification of a Few Biological Objects -- Classroom Exercise 2: Selection of Sampling Devices and Creation of Study Design -- Classroom Exercise #3: Understanding Species Diversity Through Sampling -- Laboratory Exercises -- Field Laboratory Exercise #1: Using a Diversity of Sampling Devices -- Field Laboratory Exercise #2: Epiphytic Invertebrate Sampling -- Field Laboratory Exercise #3: Terrestrial Invertebrate Sampling in Wetlands -- Chapter 6: Wetland Fish Monitoring and Assessment -- 6.1 Wetland Fish Sampling -- 6.1.1 Wetland Fish Abundance and Productivity -- 6.1.2 Wetland Fish Communities -- 6.1.2.1 Wetlands Fish Community Assessment -- 6.2 Wetland Sampling Considerations -- 6.2.1 Phenology of Wetland Use -- 6.2.2 Shallow Depths -- 6.2.3 Physical Habitat Structure -- 6.2.4 Water Chemistry -- 6.2.5 Water Movement -- 6.2.6 Substrate Composition -- 6.2.7 Ice Cover -- 6.2.8 Crew Safety -- 6.2.9 Responsible Fish Handling -- 6.3 Gear and Technique Selection -- 6.3.1 Introduction to Gear and Technique Types -- 6.3.1.1 Quantitative vs. Qualitative -- 6.3.1.2 Active vs. Passive Techniques -- 6.3.1.3 Standardized Methods -- 6.3.1.4 Gear and Technique Selectivity -- 6.3.1.5 Special Considerations for Specific Objectives -- 6.3.2 Recommended Techniques. , 6.3.2.1 Use of Seining in Freshwater Wadeable Habitats -- 6.3.2.2 Use of Minnow Traps in Freshwater Wadeable Habitats -- 6.3.2.3 Use of Backpack, Bank, and Barge Electrofishing Freshwater Seasonally or Longer Flooded Wadeable Habitats -- 6.3.2.4 Use of Gill Nets in Freshwater Non-wadeable and Spatially Isolated Habitats -- 6.3.2.5 Use of Entrapment Gear in Freshwater Non-wadeable and Spatially Isolated Habitats -- 6.3.2.6 Use of Boat Electrofishing in Freshwater Non-wadeable and Spatially Isolated Habitats -- 6.3.2.7 Use of Pop and Lift Nets in Freshwater Non-wadeable, Habitats Connected to Permanent Water Bodies -- 6.3.2.8 Use of Throw Traps in Brackish or Estuarine Wadeable and Seasonally or Daily Inundated Habitats -- 6.3.2.9 Use of Drop Traps in Brackish or Estuarine Non-wadeable Habitats -- 6.3.2.10 Use of Weirs and Flumes in Brackish or Estuarine Non-wadeable Habitats -- 6.3.2.11 Use of Trawls in Brackish or Estuarine Non-wadeable Habitats -- 6.3.3 Calibration, Bias, and Efficiency of Wetlands Fish Sampling -- 6.3.4 Sampling Wetland Fish Larvae -- 6.3.5 Additional Sampling Techniques -- 6.3.5.1 Visual Sampling -- 6.3.5.2 Explosives and Toxicants -- 6.3.5.3 Fish Marking and Telemetry -- 6.3.5.4 Hydroacoustics -- 6.3.5.5 Hook and Line -- References -- Laboratory Activities and Problem Sets -- Baited Versus Unbaited Traps -- Methods for Field Trip Version -- Methods for Laboratory Version -- Questions for Reflection and Study -- Removal Sampling and the Influence of Increasing Sampling Effort -- Methods for Field Version -- Methods for Laboratory Version -- Questions for Reflection and Study -- Additional Exercises -- Chapter 7: Wetland Wildlife Monitoring and Assessment -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Monitoring Considerations -- 7.3 Monitoring Herpetofaunal Populations -- 7.3.1 Amphibians -- 7.3.1.1 Aquatic Sampling -- 7.3.1.2 Terrestrial Sampling. , 7.3.2 Reptiles.