Note: Theaters of Time and Space -- Part I:Origins of the Projection Planetarium -- Chapter I: Zeiss Planetaria in Europe, 1923-1929 -- Part II: Zeiss Planetaria in America, 1930-1946 -- Chapter 2: Planetaria, Patrons, and Cultural Values -- Chapter 3: Personnel, Training, and Careers -- Chaper 4: Planetaria and Popular Audiences -- Part III: The Postwar Period, 1947-1957 -- Chaper 5: Armand N. Spitz and Pinhole-Style Planetaria -- Part IV: Planetaria in the Space Age, 1958-1970 -- Chapter 6:Sputnik and Federal Aid to Education -- Chapter 7: New Horizons in Planetarium Utilization -- Chapter 8: New Routes to Professionalization.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Authors and Editors -- Chapter 1: Oxidative Stress in Cardiac Valve Development -- Introduction -- Heart Valve Structure and Function -- Heart Valve Function -- Heart Valve Structure -- Heart Valve Development and the Potential Role of Oxidative Stress -- Heart Valve Development -- Endocardial Cushion Formation -- Heart Valve Remodeling -- Signaling Pathways of Heart Valve Development -- Signaling Pathways required for Endocardial Cushion Formation -- Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Signaling -- Tgfβ Signaling -- Wnt Signaling -- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Vegf) Signaling -- Signaling Pathways Implicated in Heart Valve Remodeling -- VIC Activation -- Extracellular Matrix Remodeling -- Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 2: ROS in Atherosclerotic Renovascular Disease -- Introduction -- Mechanisms of ROS Generation in the Stenotic Kidney -- RAAS Activation -- Inflammation -- Comorbidities -- Elements of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury -- Effects of ROS on the Stenotic Kidney -- Vascular Function (Renal Perfusion and Endothelial Function) -- Tubular Integrity -- Glomerular Function -- Renal Fibrosis -- Microvascular Architecture -- Effects of ROS on the Non-stenotic Kidney -- Vascular Function -- Tubular Function -- Glomerular Function -- Renal Fibrosis -- Microvascular Architecture -- Effects of ROS on Blood Pressure -- Interventions to Decrease ROS in ARVD -- Antioxidants -- RAAS Inhibitors -- Percutaneous Transluminal Renal Angioplasty (PTRA) -- Stem Cells -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 3: Oxidative Stress and Vascular Injury -- Introduction -- Hemodialysis Vascular Access Failure -- Chronic Kidney Disease -- Atherosclerosis -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Role of Oxidative Stress in Hypertension -- Introduction. , Hypertension: Involvement of the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Mechanisms -- Role of Nox Isoforms in Regulating Blood Pressure and Vascular Dysfunction -- Baseline Blood Pressure -- Commonly Used Models of Experimental Hypertension -- Ang II-Dependent Hypertension -- Mediators of Nox Signalling in Ang II-Dependent Hypertension -- Mineralocorticoid-Dependent Hypertension -- SHR -- Role of Nox in the Brain During Hypertension -- Role of Antioxidant Enzymes in Regulating Blood Pressure and Vascular Function -- CuZnSOD -- MnSOD -- ECSOD -- Glutathione Peroxidases -- Recent Concepts: Immunity, Oxidative Stress and Hypertension -- Clinical Links Between Oxidative Stress and Hypertension -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Oxidative Stress and Central Regulation of Blood Pressure -- Introduction -- Increased ROS in the RVLM in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats -- Sources of ROS Production in the Brain -- High Salt Intake and ROS in the RVLM of Hypertensive Rats -- ROS in the RVLM of Obesity-Induced Hypertensive Rats -- Possibility of Currently Used Cardiovascular Drugs Acting on the Brain Thereby Reducing Central Sympathetic Outflow -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: Reactive Oxygen Species and the Regulation of Cerebral Vascular Tone -- Introduction -- Which ROS Are Important? -- What Are the Major Sources of ROS in the Cerebral Circulation? -- Direct Effects of ROS and Related Molecules on Vascular Tone -- Endothelial Function -- Neurovascular Coupling -- Chemoregulation -- Myogenic Responses and Autoregulation -- Loss of Mechanisms That Protect Against Oxidative Stress -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Therapeutic Strategies Harnessing Oxidative Stress to Treat Stroke -- Introduction -- Allopurinol and Uric Acid -- Uric Acid -- Allopurinol -- Edaravone -- NXY-059 -- Antioxidant Nutrients -- Vitamin C -- Vitamin E. , Other Compounds -- Statins -- Tirilazad -- NA-1 -- The Future -- NADPH Oxidases -- Neurovascular Unit -- Physiological Parameters -- Conclusion -- References -- Index.