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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Amsterdam :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Keywords: Marine ecology -- Congresses. ; Oceanography -- Congresses. ; Hydrodynamics -- Congresses. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Ecohydrodynamics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (373 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780080870700
    Series Statement: Issn Series ; v.Volume 32
    DDC: 574
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Ecohydrody Namics -- Copyright Page -- CONTENTS -- FOREWORD -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- LIST OF PARTICIPANTS -- Chapter 1. Marine hydrodynamics at ecological scales -- Chapter 2. Fate of nutrient enrichment on continental shelves as indicated by the C/N content of bottom sediments -- Chapter 3. Cross thermocline flow on continental shelves and the locations of shelf fronts -- Chapter 4. Vertical mixing, a constraint to primary production : an extension of the concept of an optimal mixing zone -- Chapter 5. An investigation of seasonal upwelling along the Atlantic coast of Florida -- Chapter 6. Upwelling in the Gulf of Guinea. Results of a mathematical model -- Chapter 7. On two marine ecosystems of Senegal separated by a peninsula -- Chapter 8. Differential dispersion and nutrient-plankton distributions -- Chapter 9. Hydrodynamics as a limiting factor in the development of the Baltic Sea ecosystem -- Chapter 10. Hydrodynamic control of marine phytoplankton production : the paradox of stability -- Chapter 11. Diffusion as a constraint on the biological importance of microzones in the sea -- Chapter 12. The residual circulation in the North Sea -- Chapter 13. Modelling the physical mechanisms in the marine upper layers with a second-order turbulence closure -- Chapter 14. Modelling turbidity maximum in the Seine estuary -- Chapter 15. Numerical simulations of salinity, turbidity and sediment accumulation in the Scheldt estuary -- Chapter 16. Mathematical modelling of recent sedimentology in the shallow waters along the Belgian Coast -- SUBJECT INDEX.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Amsterdam :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Keywords: Oceanography -- Congresses. ; Hydrodynamics -- Congresses. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Hydrodynamics of Semi-Enclosed Seas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (571 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780080870724
    Series Statement: Issn Series ; v.Volume 34
    DDC: 551.47
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Hydrodynamics of Semi-Enclosed Seas -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- List of Participants -- Chapter 1. Oceanography of semi-enclosed seas -- Chapter 2. The regime of the Straits of Gibraltar -- Chapter 3. A reduced gravity numerical model of circulation in the Alboran sea -- Chapter 4. Surface temperature fronts in the Mediterranean from infrared satellite imagery -- Chapter 5. The water circulation in the North Western Mediterranean sea, its relation with wind and atmomheric Dressure -- Chapter 6. Analysis of upwelling in the Gulf of Lions -- Chapter 7. Discontinuous upwelling along a rectilinear coast with a series of small capes -- Chapter 8. Deviation with respect to Coriolis period for gravity- inertial -internal waves generated in an ocean basin by an impulsional wind -- Chapter 9. Hydrodynamics of the Adriatic sea -- Chapter 10. Current circulation in the Ligurian sea -- Chapter 11. Non-tidal flow in the North Channel of the Irish sea -- Chapter 12. The dynamics of the loop current and shed eddies i n a numerical model of the Gulf of Mexico -- Chapter 13. A numerical model of eddy generation in the Southeastern Caribbean sea -- Chapter 14. A model for frontal upwelling -- Chapter 15. Numerical tidal simulations within the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand -- Chapter 16. The sensitivity of the Baltic Sea to natural and man-made impact -- Chapter 17. Mixing in the Baltic sea and implications for the environmental conditions -- Chapter 18. Fine structure of the open parts of the Baltic sea -- Chapter 19. Synoptic scale variability of hydrophysical fields in the Baltic Proper on the basis of CTD measurements -- Chapter 20. Synoptic variability of currents in the Baltic Proper -- Chapter 21. The variability of the temprature, salinity and density fields in the upper layers of the Baltic sea. , Chapter 22. Modelling of the climatic scale variabilitv of the hydrodynamics of the Baltic sea -- Chapter 23. Modelling of some hydrodynamical processes by a model of rotationally anisotropic turbulent flow -- Chapter 24. A cascade model of turbulent diffusion -- Chapter 25. Water quality study of the Baltic Sea by optical remote sensing methods -- Chapter 26. The influence of hydrodynamics on the chlorophyll field in the open Baltic -- Chapter 27. Characteristic properties of turbulent transport in the Black sea -- Subject index.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Amsterdam :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Keywords: Oceanography -- Congresses. ; Hydrodynamics -- Congresses. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Hydrodynamics of the Equatorial Ocean.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (379 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780080870748
    Series Statement: Issn Series ; v.Volume 36
    DDC: 551.47
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Hydrodynamics of the Equatorial Ocean -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Participants -- Chapter 1. Equatorial sea surface temperature variations on seasonal time scales -- Chapter 2. Seasonal observations in the Western Indian Ocean -- Chapter 3. Seasonal variability of subsurface thermal structure in the tropical Atlantic Ocean -- Chapter 4. The variability of local winds at 22° W and their influence on the oceanic system at the equator in the Atlantic during FGGE -- Chapter 5. Near surface temperature observations obtained in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean during FGGE -- Chapter 6. On the variation of the heat content in various vertical layers in the central equatorial Atlantic -- Chapter 7. Free drifting buoy measurements in the Indian Ocean equatorial jet -- Chapter 8. Investigation of small scale structure of hydrophysical fields in the equatorial region of the Indian Ocean -- Chapter 9. Velocity field fine structure and shear instability of currents in equatorial regions of the oceans -- Chapter 10. Turbulence in the core of the equatorial undercurrent -- Chapter 11. On the interannual wind-driven response of the tropical Pacific Ocean -- Chapter 12. On westward propagation of sea surface temperature anomalies in the equatorial Pacific -- Chapter 13. Variability of coastal zones in low latitudes (with application to the Somali Current, the Gulf of Guinea and the El Niño Current) -- Chapter 14. Reflections of low frequency equatorial waves on partial boundaries -- Chapter 15. Coastal effects on upwelling -- Chapter 16. Model of the Gulf of Guinea upwelling. Influence of the coast's irregularities -- Chapter 17. The effect of zonal currents on equatorial waves -- Chapter 18. Theory of frequency spectra of equatorially trapped waves -- Chapter 19. Instability on the equatorial β-plane. , Chapter 20. On the generation of Rossby solitons during El Niño.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Amsterdam :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Keywords: Hydrodynamics -- Mathematical models -- Congresses. ; Oceanography -- Mathematical models -- Congresses. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Marine Forecasting.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (509 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780080870625
    Series Statement: Issn Series ; v.Volume 25
    DDC: 551.4
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Marine Forecasting: Predictability and Modelling in Ocean Hydrodynamics -- Copyright Page -- CONTENTS -- FOREWORD -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- LIST OF PARTICIPANTS -- Chapter 1. Review of the theories of wind-mixed layer deepening -- Chapter 2. Large scale air-sea interactions and climate predictability -- Chapter 3. Low frequency motions in the North Pacific and their possible generation by meteorological forces -- Chapter 4. Wind-induced low-freauency oceanic variability -- Chapter 5. A discussion of wave prediction in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean -- Chapter 6. Wave height prediction in coastal water of Southern North Sea -- Chapter 7. Correlation between wave slopes and near-surface ocean currents -- Chapter 8. The tow-out of a large platform -- Chapter 9. A hybrid parametrical surface wave model applied to North-Sea sea state prediction -- Chapter 10. On the fraction of wind momentum retained by waves -- Chapter 11. The NUSC windwave and turbulence observation program (WAVTOP) -- A status report -- Chapter 12. A numerical model of longshore currents -- Chapter 13. Time series modelling of storm surges on a medium-sized lake -- Chapter 14. Wind induced water circulation of Lake Geneva -- Chapter 15. Non-linear three-dimensional modelling of mesoscale circulation in seas and lakes -- Chapter 16. Irregular-grid finite-difference techniaues for storm surge calculations for curving coastlines -- Chapter 17. Recent storm surges in the Irish Sea -- Chapter 18. Results of a 36-hour storm surge prediction of the North-Sea for 3 January 1976 on the basis of numerical models -- Chapter 19. Extratropical storm surges in the Chesapeake Bay -- Chapter 20. First results of a three-dimensional model on the dynamics in the German Bight -- Chapter 21. Tidal and residual circulations in the English Channel. , Chapter 22. Recent results from a storm surge prediction scheme for the North Sea -- Chapter 23. Belgian real-time system for the forecasting of currents and elevations in the North Sea -- Chapter 24. Cyclogenesis and forecast of dramatic water elevations in Venice -- Chapter 25. The response of the coastal waters of N.W. Italy -- Chapter 26. A numerical model for sediment transport -- Chapter 27. Security of coastal nuclear power stations in relation with the state of the sea -- SUBJECT INDEX.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Amsterdam :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Keywords: Ocean circulation -- Remote sensing -- Congresses. ; Ocean currents -- Remote sensing -- Congresses. ; Continental shelf -- Remote sensing -- Congresses. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Remote Sensing of Shelf Sea Hydrodynamics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (367 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780080870762
    Series Statement: Issn Series ; v.Volume 38
    DDC: 551.4
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Remote Sensing of Shelf Sea Hydrodynamics -- Copyright Page -- CONTENTS -- FOREWORD -- LIST OF PARTICIPANTS -- Chapter 1. Water Colour imaging from space -- Chapter 2. Contribution of remote sensing to modelling -- Chapter 3. Optimal remote sensing of marine environment -- Chapter 4. Satellite and field observations of currents on the Eastern Sicilian Shelf -- Chapter 5. Kinetic study of self-propelled marine vortices based on remotely sensed data -- Chapter 6. Study of vortex structure in water surface jets by means of remote sensing -- Chapter 7. Surface temperature and current vectors in the Sea of Japan from NOAA-7/AVHRR DATA -- Chapter 8. Study of mesoscale processes in the shelf zone of the black Sea using remote techniques -- Chapter 9. Surface-wave expression of bathymetry over a sand ridge -- Chapter 10. Wave-Current interactions. A powerful mechanism for an alteration of the waves on the sea surface by subsurface bathymetry -- Chapter 11. Remote Sensing of oil slick behaviour -- Chapter 12. An intercomparison of GEOS-3 altimeter and ground truth data off the Norveqian coast -- Chapter 13. Satellite imagery of boundary currents -- Chapter 14. Turbulence distribution off USHANT ISLAND measured by the OSUREM HF radar -- Chapter 15. A quasi geostrophic model of the circulation of the Mediterranean Sea -- Chapter 16. Some applications of remote sensing to studies in the Bay of Biscay, Celtic Sea and English Channel -- Chapter 17. Remote Sensing of Chlorophyll in the red spectral region -- Chapter 18. Satellite representation of features of ocean circulation indicated by CZCS colorimetry.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Amsterdam :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Keywords: Oceanography -- Congresses. ; Turbulence -- Congresses. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Marine Turbulence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (391 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780080870663
    Series Statement: Issn Series ; v.Volume 28
    DDC: 551.4
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Marine Turbulence -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- List of Participants -- Chapter 1. The turbulent ocean -- Chapter 2. The influence of meridional boundaries upon Rossby wave rectification processes -- Chapter 3. Spectral structure of horizontal oceanic turbulence - Semi - empirical models -- Chapter 4. Intrusive fine structure in frontal zones and indication of double diffusion -- Chapter 5. Resonant and non - resonant wave- wave interactions for internal gravity waves -- Chapter 6. Kinetic energy dissipation observed in the upper ocean -- Chapter 7. Observations of air - sea interaction parameters in the open ocean -- Chapter 8. Dissipation in the mixed layer near Emerald Basin -- Chapter 9. Zero crossings of temperature microstructure -- Chapter 10. Dissipation measurements of ocenic turbulence -- Chapter 11. Shear instability generation of the turbulence in the ocean (field evidences) -- Chapter 12. Small -scale oceanic turbulence -- Chapter 13. Some fundamental aspects of turbulence with implications in geophysical flows -- Chapter 14. Nonlinear evolution and structure of salt fingers -- Chapter 15. Fossil temperature , salinity , and vorticity turbulence in the ocean -- Chapter 16. Variations with height of the turbulence in a tidally - induced bottom boundary layer -- Chapter 17. Spatially varying turbulence production in tidal channels -- Chapter 18. A laser - Doppler velocimeter for small scale turbulence studies in the sea -- Chapter 19. Estimation of shearing stresses in a tidal current with application to the Irish Sea -- Chapter 20. Shear effect .dispersion in a shallow tidal sea -- Chapter 21. Dispersion in a tidal sea -- Subject Index.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Amsterdam :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Keywords: Oceanography -- Mathematical models -- Congresses. ; Marine ecology -- Mathematical models. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Modelling of Marine Systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (293 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780080870465
    Series Statement: Issn Series ; v.Volume 10
    DDC: 551.46
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Modelling of Marine Systems -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Foreword -- List of Participants -- Part I: Concepts and Techniques of Marine Modelling -- CHAPTER 1. MARINE SYSTEMS ANALYSIS -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Demarcation of the Marine System -- 1.3. State Variables and Control Parameters -- 1.4. Evolution Equations -- 1.5. Evolution Principles and Constraints -- 1.6. Initial and Boundary Conditions -- 1.7. The Simulation Model -- References -- CHAPTER 2. HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Depth-Averaged Models -- 2.3. Tidal and Storm Surge Models -- 2.4. Models of Residual Currents -- References -- CHAPTER 3. PASSIVE DISPERSION MODELS -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Turbulent Dispersion -- 3.3. The Equation of Passive Dispersion -- 3.4. Horizontal Dispersion -- 3.5. Shear Effect in Depth-Averaged Dispersion Models -- References -- CHAPTER 4. INTERACTION MODELS -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Box Model Equations -- 4.3. The Interaction Rates -- 4.4. Productivity Models -- References -- CHAPTER 5. NON-LINEARITIES ASSOCIATED WITH PHYSICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN THE SEA -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Physical Processes -- 5.3. Biochemical and Ecological Processes -- References -- CHAPTER 6. MARINE ECOSYSTEMS WITH ENERGY CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Uses of Energy Circuit Language -- 6.3. Interaction Kinetics -- 6.4. Physical Components in Energy Language -- 6.5. Inertial Displacement Oscillator -- 6.6. Energy Storage, Energy Quality Upgrading, Reward Loop Pumping, and Eddy Diffusion -- 6.7. Fields and Boxes -- 6.8. Gestalt in Physical Oceanography -- 6.9. Potential Energy Budgets for Perspectives -- Energy Quality -- 6.10. Energy Cost Benefit Calculations and Impact Statements -- 6.11. A Macroscopic Mini-Model Simulation -- References -- Part II: The Present State of Marine Modelling. , CHAPTER 7. PHYSICAL MODELLING -- CHAPTER 8. CHEMICAL MODELLING -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Chemical Speciation -- 8.3. The Major Sedimentary Cycle -- 8.4. Air-Sea Interactions -- 8.5. Sediment-Water Interactions -- 8.6. Biota-Water Interactions -- 8.7. Finale -- References -- CHAPTER 9. BIOLOGICAL MODELLING I -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Existing Models -- 9.3. Summary of Overall State-of-the-Art in Biological Productivity Simulation -- 9.4. Population Models -- 9.5. Conclusions and Forecasts -- References -- CHAPTER 10. BIOLOGICAL MODELLING II -- Papers Submitted to the Conference -- References -- CHAPTER 11. MODELLING OF LAKES AS PHYSICO-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS - PRESENT LIMITATIONS AND NEEDS -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. The Thermocline and its Influence on Biological Production -- 11.3. Biological Actors on the Physical Stage -- 11.4. Concluding Discussion -- References -- Part III: Reports of the Working Groups and Recommendations for Future Work -- CHAPTER 12. SPATIAL INHOMOGENEITY IN THE OCEANS -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Research Areas -- 12.3. Implications for Management and Policy-Making -- CHAPTER 13. COASTAL OCEANS -- 13.1. Introduction -- 13.2. Problems at the Boundaries -- 13.3. Problems in the Interior -- 13.4. Pollution and Other Perturbations -- 13.5. Aspects of Modelling and its Use -- 13.6. Areas of Research -- 13.7. Conclusions -- CHAPTER 14. POLLUTION -- 14.1. Pollutant Characteristics -- 14.2. Size and Scope of Models for Pollution Problems -- 14.3. Conclusion -- CHAPTER 15. PRODUCTIVITY OF SEA WATERS -- 15.1. Introduction -- 15.2. Biological Adaptations -- 15.3. Chemical Effects -- 15.4. Models -- 15.5. Training and Facilities -- CHAPTER 16. ESTUARIES -- 16.1. Modelling in Estuarine Systems -- 16.2. Modelling of Physical Estuarine Processes -- 16.3. Modelling of Chemical Estuarine Systems. , 16.4. Estuarine Biological Modelling -- 16.5. Conclusions -- CHAPTER 17. ENCLOSED SEAS -- 17.1. Whole-Ecosystem Models -- 17.2. Hydrodynamics of Enclosed seas -- 17.3. Biology and Chemistry of Enclosed Seas -- 17.4. Advice to Management -- 17.5. Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Ecosystem Modelling: Training and Implementation -- CHAPTER 18. SOME TECHNICAL AND MATHEMATICAL ASPECTS OF MODELLING OF MARINE SYSTEMS -- SUBJECT INDEX.
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  • 8
    Keywords: Estuarine oceanography -- Congresses. ; Fjords -- Congresses. ; Hydrodynamics -- Congresses. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Hydrodynamics of estuaries and fjords.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (561 pages)
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    ISBN: 9780080870595
    Series Statement: Issn Series ; v.Volume 23
    DDC: 551.46/09;551.47
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Hydrodynamics of Estuaries and Fjords -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Forword -- Acknowledgments -- List of Participants -- Chapter 1. A synoptic view of a coastal plain estuary -- Chapter 2. Hydrodynamics of the Scheldt Estuary -- Chapter 3. Mathematical model of water quality in a highly polluted estuary -- Chapter 4. Modelling of biological and chemical processes in the Scheldt Estuary -- Chapter 5. Turbulent mixing in a salt wedge estuary -- Chapter 6. A two-dimensional numerical model for salt intrusion in estuaries -- Chapter 7. The effect of meteorological forcing on the Chesapeake Bay : The coupling between an estuarine system and its adjacent coastal waters -- Chapter 8. Long-period, estuarine-shelf exchanges in response to meteorological forcing -- Chapter 9. Surge-tide interaction in the Southern North Sea -- Chapter 10. Residual phenomena in estuaries, application to the Gironde Estuary -- Chapter 11. Asymmetry and anomalies of circulation and vertical mixing in the branching of a lagoon-estuary -- Chapter 12. Dispersion by tide-induced residual current vortices -- Chapter 13. Coriolis, curvature and buoyancy effects upon dispersion in a narrow channel -- Chapter 14. How some new fundamental results on relative turbulent diffusion can be relevant in estuaries and other natural flows -- Chapter 15. A one-dimensional tidal model for estuarine networks -- Chapter 16. A new approach to the computation of tidal motions in estuaries -- Chapter 17. A numerical model of baratropic mixed tides between Vancouver Island and the Mainland and its relation to studies of the estuarine circulation -- Chapter 18. Numerical investigations of the influence of coastal structures upon the dynamic off-shore process by application of a nested tidal model. , Chapter 19. Application of a finite element hydrodynamic model to the Great Bay estuary system, New Hampshire, U.S.A. -- Chapter 20. Spreading and mixing of the Hudson River effluent into the New York Bight -- Chapter 21. A three-dimensional turbulent energy model for nonhomogeneous estuaries and coastal sea systems -- Chapter 22. A brief review of present theories of Fjord dynamics -- Chapter 23. Properties of the Robert R. Long model of estuarine circulation in fjords -- Chapter 24. Wind-driven circulation in a fjord -- Chapter 25. Summer replacement of deep water in Byfjord, Western Norway : Mass exchange across the sill induced by coastal upwelling -- Chapter 26. Nonlinear internal waves in a fjord -- Chapter 27. Two-layer analysis of steady circulation in stratified fjords -- Chapter 28. Variability of currents and water properties from year-long observations in a fjord estuary -- Subject Index.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    San Diego :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Keywords: Electron optics. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (335 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781483271781
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Electron Beams, Lenses, and Optics -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Symbols -- Chapter 9. Geometrical Aberrations of Lenses -- 9.1 Types of Aberrations -- 9.2 Third-Order Theory -- 9.3 Geometrical Aberrations -- 9.4 Classification of the Geometrical Aberrations -- 9.5 Description of the Aberration Figures -- 9.6 Calculation of the Geometrical Aberration Coefficients -- 9.7 Solution for Paraxial Rays -- 9.8 Calculation of the Aberrations -- 9.9 Spherical Aberration -- 9.10 Coma Coefficient -- 9.11 Anisotropic Coma Coefficient -- 9.12 Curvature Coefficient -- 9.13 Astigmatism Coefficient -- 9.14 Anisotropic Astigmatism Coefficient -- 9.15 Distortion Coefficient -- 9.16 Anisotropic Distortion Coefficient -- Further Reading -- Chapter 10. The Spherical Aberration of Electric and Magnetic Lenses -- 10.1 The Impossibility of Canceling the Spherical Aberration -- 10.2 Definition of the Coefficient Cs -- 10.3 Disk of Minimum Confusion -- 10.4 The Spherical Aberration of the Combination of Two Thin Lenses -- 10.5 Conversion of Cs from One Object Position to Another -- 10.6 Derivation of the Coefficient of Spherical Aberration according to Glaser -- 10.7 Glaser's Expression for Cs of Purely Magnetic Fields -- 10.8 Spherical Aberration of a Magnetic Lens with a Bell-Shaped Field Distribution -- 10.9 Spherical Aberration of the Symmetrical Magnetic Lens -- 10.10 Spherical Aberration of an Electrostatic Immersion Lens -- 10.11 Spherical Aberration of Einzel Lenses -- Further Reading -- Chapter 11. Measurement of the Spherical Aberration of Various Electric and Magnetic Lenses -- 11.1 The Pepperpot Method or Hartmann's Test -- 11.2 The Shadow Method -- 11.3 The Halo Method -- 11.4 The Knife-Edge Method -- 11.5 The Tilt Method -- 11.6 The Diffraction Method -- 11.7 The Combined Tilt and Diffraction Method -- Further Reading. , Chapter 12. Theory of Diffraction -- 12.1 General Properties of a Wave -- 12.2 The Plane Wave -- 12.3 The de Broglie and Planck Relations -- 12.4 Huygens' Principle -- 12.5 Diffraction -- 12.6 The Wave Equation -- 12.7 Kirchhoff's Diffraction Equation -- 12.8 Fraunhofer's Diffraction through a Circular Aperture -- 12.9 Resolving Power of an Ideal Optical System -- Chapter 13. The Influence of Space Charge in High Density Electron Beams -- 13.1 Force Due to Magnetic Attraction -- 13.2 Force Due to Coulomb Repulsion -- 13.3 The Universal Curve -- 13.4 Numerical Examples -- Further Reading -- Chapter 14. Chromatic Aberration -- 14.1 Development of the Expressions for Chromatic Aberration -- 14.2 Chromatic Aberration at the Focal Point -- 14.3 Upper Limit of the Chromatic Aberration of Magnetic Lenses -- 14.4 Upper Limit of the Chromatic Aberration of Electrostatic Lenses -- 14.5 Coefficient of Chromatic Aberration -- 14.6 Chromatic Aberration of a Magnetic Lens with the Glaser Bell-Shaped Field -- 14.7 Minimum Value of Cc and δ -- 14.8 Chromatic Aberration of the Symmetrical Magnetic Lens -- 14.9 Current Limit at the Focus Due to the Velocity Spread of the Emitted Electrons -- 14.10 Numerical Example -- 14.11 Simplified Derivation -- Further Reading -- References -- Index.
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  • 10
    Keywords: Oceanic mixing -- Congresses. ; Ocean circulation -- Congresses. ; Turbulence -- Congresses. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume contains the proceedings of the 19th International Liège Colloquium on Ocean Hydrodynamics, the programme of which focused on the relationships between small-scale mixing and large-scale features, transports and processes. The presentation of papers on various methods of parameterization of small-scale turbulent mixing for numerical ocean models was particularly encouraged and this resulted in more than a third of the papers presented at the Colloquium dealing in one way or another with the parameterization problems; many of these papers demonstrate the direct results of modelling. These proportions are well reflected in this volume of proceedings and thus emphasize once more the importance of small-scale turbulence research for such vital practical applications as ocean modelling and forecasting.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (557 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780080870847
    Series Statement: Issn Series ; v.Volume 46
    DDC: 551.4
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Small-Scale Turbulence and Mixing in the Ocean -- Copyright Page -- FOREWORD -- LIST OF PARTICIPANTS -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION -- Chapter 2. SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE AND MIXING IN THE OCEAN: A GLOSSARY -- Chapter 3. THE USE OF DELIBERATELY INJECTED TRACERS FOR THE STUDY OF DIAPYCNAL MIXING IN THE OCEAN -- Chapter 4. SOME IMPLICATIONS OF OCEAN MIXING FOR OCEAN MODELLING -- Chapter 5. MERITS AND DEFECTS OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO MIXED LAYER MODELLING -- Chapter 6. THE INCLUSION OF A SURFACE MIXED LAYER IN A LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION MODEL -- Chapter 7. MODELLING TURBULENCE IN SHALLOW SEA REGIONS -- Chapter 8. TURBULENT FIELDS ASSOCIATED WITH THE GENERAL CIRCULATION IN THE NORTHERN BERING SEA -- Chapter 9. EMBEDDING STRATIFICATION MODELS IN OCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION CLIMATE MODELS -- Chapter 10. SIMULATION OF THE MIXED LAYER IN A GLOBAL OCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL -- Chapter 11. A THERMODYNAMIC MODEL OF THE GLOBAL SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND MIXED-LAYER DEPTH -- Chapter 12. COASTAL OCEAN RESPONSE TO ATMOSPHERIC FORCING -- Chapter 13. PARAMETERIZATION OF VERTICAL DIFFUSION IN A NUMERICAL MODEL OF THE BLACK SEA -- Chapter 14. LONG-TERM SIMULATIONS OF UPPER OCEAN VERTICAL MIXING USING MODELS OF DIFFERENT TYPES -- Chapter 15. SOME DYNAMICAL AND STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF EQUATORIAL TURBULENCE -- Chapter 16. TURBULENT DISSIPATION IN THE STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR AND ASSOCIATED MIXING -- Chapter 17. MICROSTRUCTURE AND VERTICAL VELOCITY SHEAR DISTRIBUTION IN MONTEREY BAY -- Chapter 18. MEDITERRANEAN SALT LENSES -- Chapter 19. ESTIMATES OF MIXING INFERRED FROM TEMPERATURE AND VELOCITY MICROSTRUCTURE -- Chapter 20. THE MIXING OF MEDDY "SHARON -- Chapter 21. MIXING AND LARGE-SCALE OCEAN DYNAMICS -- Chapter 22. VORTICAL MOTIONS. , Chapter 23. THE RELATION BETWEEN LAGRANGIAN AND EULERIAN SPECTRA: A CONNECTION BETWEEN LARGE-SCALE WAVES AND SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE -- Chapter 24. EVIDENCE AND CONSEQUENCES OF FOSSIL TURBULENCE IN THE OCEAN -- Chapter 25. MEASURING TURBULENT TRANSPORTS IN STRATFIED FLOWS -- Chapetr 26. NEW APPROACH TO COX NUMBER IN QUASI-HOMOGENEOUS LAYERS -- Chapetr 27. THEORIES OF INTERNAL WAVE INTERACTION AND STABLY STRATIFIED TURBULENCE: TESTING AGAINST DIRECT NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTATION -- Chapter 28. THE INFLUENCE OF BOTTOM DISSIPATION ON WAVE GROWTH -- Chapter 29. INTERNAL TIDAL OSCILLATIONS AND WATER COLUMN INSTABILITY IN THE UPPER SLOPE REGION OF THE BAY OF BISCAY -- Chapter 30. ESTIMATES OF VERTICAL MIXING BY INTERNAL WAVES REFLECTED OFF A SLOPING BOTTOM -- Chapter 31. BENTHIC BOUNDARY LAYERS ON SLOPES -- Chapter 32. MIXING IN A THERMOHALINE STAIRCASE -- Chapter 33. MIXING IN THE THERMOHALINE STAIRCASE EAST OF BARBADOS -- Chapter 34. LAYER THICKNESSES AND EFFECTIVE DIFFUSIVITIES IN "DIFFUSIVE" THERMOHALINE CONVECTION IN THE OCEAN -- Chapter 35. EXPLAINING EFFECTIVE DIFFUSIVITIES WITHIN DIFFUSIVE OCEANIC STAIRCASES -- Chapter 36. NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS ON THERMOHALINE CONVECTIVE MOTIONS ACROSS INTERFACES OF INTRUSIONS -- Chapter 37. REYNOLDS NUMBER EFFECTS ON TURBULENCE IN THE PRESENCE OF STABLE STRATIFICATION -- Chapter 38. COMMENT ON "REYNOLDS NUMBER EFFECTS ON TURBULENCE IN THE PRESENCE OF STABLE STRATIFICATION -- Chapter 39. REPLY -- Chapter 40. AN OVERVIEW OF THE 19TH INTERNATIONAL LIEGE COLLOQUIUM ON OCEAN HYDRODYNAMICS -- "SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE AND MIXING IN THE OCEAN.
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