Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Acronyms -- Symbols -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Prospects of Renewable Energy Sources -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Types of Renewable Energy -- 1.2.1 Wind Energy -- 1.2.1.1 Parts of Wind Turbine -- 1.2.1.2 Mathematical Model -- 1.2.2 Solar Energy -- 1.2.2.1 Solar PV Cell -- 1.2.2.2 CSP Plants -- 1.2.3 Hydro Energy -- 1.2.4 Bio Energy -- 1.2.5 Geothermal Energy -- 1.2.6 Marine/Ocean Energy -- 1.3 Needs for Renewable Energy -- 1.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Renewable Energy -- 1.5 The Economics of Renewable Energy -- 1.5.1 Cost Challenges -- 1.5.2 Impacts on Job Market -- 1.6 Roles of RESs in Environment Protection -- 1.6.1 Environmental Impacts of Wind Power -- 1.6.2 Environmental Impacts of Solar Power -- 1.6.3 Environmental Impacts of Hydroelectric Power -- 1.6.4 Environmental Impacts of Bio-Mass -- 1.6.5 Environmental Impacts of Geothermal Energy -- 1.6.6 Environmental Impacts of Marine Energy -- 1.7 Smart Grid Technology -- 1.8 Recommendations for Future Use of Renewable Energy -- 1.9 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants: Necessity and Techno-Economical Development -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Use of Conventional Fuel -- 2.2.1 Coal -- 2.2.2 Natural Gas -- 2.2.3 Oil -- 2.2.4 Nuclear Power -- 2.3 The Environmental Effects of Conventional Fuel Based Power Plants -- 2.3.1 The Detrimental Effects of Fossil Fuel Based Power Plants -- 2.3.1.1 Air Pollution -- 2.3.1.2 Health Hazards -- 2.3.1.3 Global Warming -- 2.3.1.4 Water Pollution -- 2.3.2 The Detrimental Effects of Nuclear Power Plants -- 2.4 Prospect of Renewable Energy -- 2.5 Historical Development of Solar PV Power Plants -- 2.6 Solar PV Modules in Solar PV Power Plant -- 2.7 Inverters in Solar PV Power Plant -- 2.7.1 Substations in Solar PV Power Plant. , 2.7.2 Monitoring Systems in Solar PV Power Plant -- 2.8 Mounting and Tracking Systems in Solar PV Power Plant -- 2.9 Site Selection Criteria for Solar PV Power Plant -- 2.9.1 Capital Expenditure -- 2.10 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Development of HTS Cable-Based Transmission Systems for Renewables -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Basic HTS Cable Structure and Classification -- 3.3 Basic Characteristics and Designs -- 3.3.1 Rated Current -- 3.3.2 Basic Cable Structure -- 3.3.3 Number of HTS Tapes -- 3.3.4 Number of Layers -- 3.3.5 Winding Design Parameters -- 3.3.6 AC Losses of a HTS Cable -- 3.3.7 Hurdles for Design and Application -- 3.4 Power Transmission Systems with HTS Cables -- 3.4.1 HTS AC Transmission System -- 3.4.2 HTS DC Transmission System -- 3.4.3 Specification of HTS Cable System -- 3.5 Smart Grids with HTS Transmission Systems -- 3.5.1 Principle of the Low-Voltage Rated DC Power Transmission Network -- 3.5.2 System Circuit Modelling -- 3.5.3 Fault Current Limitation by SC -- 3.5.4 Power Fluctuation Compensations by SMES -- 3.5.5 Fault Current Limitation by SC and SMES -- 3.5.6 System Performance Summary -- 3.6 Practical Development of HTS Cables and Their Power Transmissions -- 3.6.1 Impact of HTS Cables to Power Grids -- 3.6.2 Impact of HTS Cables to Power Grids -- 3.6.2.1 Railway Application -- 3.6.2.2 Naval Applications -- 3.6.2.3 Spacecraft Charging Applications -- 3.6.2.4 Novel and Trend of HTS Power Transmissions -- 3.6.3 Development Status of HTS Cables -- 3.7 HTS Power Transmissions with Energy Efficiency Improvement -- 3.8 Energy Efficiency Case Analysis and Carbon Dioxide Reduction of a HTS Power Network -- 3.9 Summary and Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Advanced Electrical Machines for Oceanic Wave Energy Conversion -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Traditional Machines for Energy Conversion. , 4.3 Modeling of Wave Energy Sources -- 4.4 Research and Development in Designing New Machines -- 4.5 Superconductor Based Compact and Lightweight Machines -- 4.6 High Power Density LG -- 4.6.1 Construction of the High Power Density LG -- 4.6.2 Working Principle of the HPDPMLG -- 4.6.3 Selection of Materials for the HPDPMLG -- 4.6.4 Equivalent Circuit Diagram of the HPDPMLG -- 4.6.5 EMF Equations and Vector Diagram -- 4.6.6 Simulation Results of the HPDPMLG -- 4.6.7 Variation of Load of the HPDPMLG -- 4.6.8 Variation of the Air Gap Length -- 4.6.9 Variation of Translator Speed -- 4.7 Summary -- References -- 5 Wind Energy System with Matrix Converter -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Wind Energy Conversion Systems -- 5.2.1 Wind Turbine -- 5.2.1.1 Horizontal Axis-Wind Turbine -- 5.2.1.2 Vertical Axis-Wind Turbine -- 5.2.1.3 Modelling of Wind Turbine -- 5.2.1.4 Self-excited Induction Generator -- 5.2.1.5 Excitation Method -- 5.2.1.6 Modeling of Induction Generator -- 5.2.2 AC-AC Converter -- 5.3 Matrix Converter -- 5.3.1 Matrix Switches -- 5.3.1.1 Diode Bridge with a Single Switch -- 5.3.1.2 Common Emitter Bi-directional Switch -- 5.3.1.3 Common Collector Bi-directional Switch -- 5.3.2 Input Filter -- 5.3.3 Clamp Circuit -- 5.3.4 Control of the Matrix Converter -- 5.3.4.1 Transformation from Indirect to Direct MC -- 5.3.4.2 Indirect Space Vector Modulation -- Space Vector of the Current Source Rectifier -- Space Vector of the Voltage Source Inverter -- 5.4 Modified Symmetric Sequence Algorithm -- 5.4.1 Conventional Symmetric Sequence Algorithm -- 5.4.2 Modified Symmetric Sequence Algorithm -- 5.4.3 Implementation of Modified Symmetric Sequence Algorithm -- 5.4.4 Simulation Results for Symmetric Sequence Algorithm -- 5.5 Modified Open Loop Control of MC -- 5.5.1 Simulation Results for Modified Open Loop Control. , 5.5.2 Experimental Results for Modified Open Loop Control -- 5.6 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Matrix Converter Switching and Commutation Strategies for Grid Integration of Distributed Generation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Commutation Strategies -- 6.1.1.1 Overlap Commutation -- 6.1.1.2 Dead-Band Commutation -- 6.1.1.3 Two-Step Commutation -- 6.1.1.4 Three-Step Commutation -- 6.1.1.5 Four-Step Commutation -- 6.1.2 Switching Topologies -- 6.1.2.1 One Degree of Freedom Switch -- 6.1.2.2 Two Degree of Freedom Switch -- Si IGBT Switches -- Si-MOSFETs and Si-GaN Switches -- SiC-JFETs Switch -- SiC MOSFETs Switch -- 6.1.3 Experimental Set-Up for Switching and Commutation Strategies -- 6.1.3.1 Si-MOSFETs Switching Strategies -- 6.1.3.2 SiC-MOSFETs Switching -- 6.2 Summary -- References -- 7 Control of Renewable Energy Systems -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Issues that Arise Due to Increased Penetration of Renewable Energy Systems -- 7.2.1 Power Quality Issue -- 7.2.2 Protection Issue -- 7.2.3 Voltage Regulation Issue -- 7.2.4 Stability Issue -- 7.3 Voltage Regulation Challenge of Distribution Network -- 7.4 Voltage Control Strategies -- 7.4.1 Traditional Voltage Regulators -- 7.4.2 Voltage Regulation Strategies -- 7.4.2.1 Centralized Control Structure -- 7.4.2.2 Decentralized Control Structure -- 7.4.2.3 Distributed Control Structure -- 7.5 Islanding Operation -- 7.5.1 Microgrid Control -- 7.5.1.1 Expected Features of Microgrid Controllers -- 7.5.1.2 Controlled Variables -- 7.6 Hierarchical Microgrid Control Structure -- 7.6.1 Primary Control -- 7.6.1.1 Droop Based Method -- 7.6.1.2 Non-droop Based Method -- 7.6.2 Secondary Control -- 7.6.2.1 Centralized Operation -- 7.6.2.2 Decentralized Operation -- 7.6.2.3 Distributed Operation -- 7.6.3 Tertiary Control -- 7.7 Applications of Distributed Controller in Microgrid -- 7.7.1 Application in Voltage Regulation. , 7.7.2 Application in Economic Power Coordination -- 7.7.3 Application in Frequency Regulation -- 7.8 Summary -- References.