Note: Title page -- Copyright page -- Images of physical and climatic properties -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Acknowledgement -- Introduction -- Part I - Policies, Institutions and Rights to Share: Prerequisites for Collaborative Governance -- Chapter 1 - Historical Typology of Collaborative Governance: Modern Forest Policy in Japan -- Chapter 2 - Endogenous Development and Collaborative Governance in Japanese Mountain Villages -- Chapter 3 - Collaborative Forest Governance in Mass Private Tree Plantation Management: Company-Community Forestry Partnership System in Java, Indonesia (PHBM) -- Chapter 4 - Legitimacy for "Great Happiness": Communal Resource Utilization in Biche Village, Marovo Lagoon in the Solomon Islands -- Part II - Sharing Interests, Roles and Risks: The Process of Collaborative Governance -- Chapter 5 - Task-sharing, to the Degree Possible: Collaboration between Out-migrants and Remaining Residents of a Mountain Community Experiencing Rural Depopulation -- Chapter 6 - Collaborative Governance for Planted Forest Resources: Japan Experiences -- Chapter 7 - Forest Resources and Actor Relationships: A Study of Changes Caused by Plantations in Lao PDR -- Chapter 8 - Whom to Share With?: Dynamics of the Food Sharing System of the Shipibo in the Peruvian Amazon -- Part III - Sharing Information: Extending Collaborative Governance -- Chapter 9 - Providing Regional Information for Collaborative Governance: Case Study Regarding Green Tourism at Kaneyama-machi, Yamagata Prefecture -- Chapter 10 - Simulating Future Land-cover Change: A Probabilistic Cellular Automata Model Approach -- Chapter 11 - Potential of the Effective Utilization of New Woody Biomass Resources in the Melak City Area of West Kutai Regency in the Province of East Kalimantan. , Final Chapter - Multifaceted Significance of Collaborative Governance and Its Future Challenges -- Appendix - Prototype Design Guidelines for "Collaborative Governance" of Natural Resources -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- About the Editors -- List of Contributors -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- 1 Climate Change and Disaster Risks in an Unsecured World -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Climate Change and Disaster Risks in Asia -- 1.3 Human Security in the Context of Climate Change and Disaster Risks: A Framework of Analysis -- 1.4 Organization of the Book -- References -- 2 Disaster Risk Reduction, Climate Change Adaptation, and Human Security: A Historical Perspective Under the Hyogo Framework and Beyond -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Reflections on the Progress in Reducing Underlying Risk Factors -- 2.2.1 Major Achievements in Priority Areas -- 2.2.2 Major Gaps and Challenges -- 2.3 Discussion and Key Recommendations -- 2.3.1 Reduce the Underlying Risk Factors for Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Development -- 2.3.2 Enhance Economic Viability of Risk Reduction Measures -- 2.3.3 Institutionalize Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction -- 2.3.4 Address Risk Reduction in Recovery -- 2.3.5 Enhance DRR Education to Help Reduce Underlying Risk Factors -- 2.4 Final Remarks -- References -- 3 State Fragility and Human Security in Asia in the Context of Climate and Disaster Risks -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Climate-Fragility Risks are Significant -- 3.3 Climate-Fragility in the Context of Japan -- 3.3.1 Internal Factors of Climate-Fragility -- 3.3.2 External Factors of Climate Fragility -- 3.4 Methodology -- 3.4.1 Stakeholder Perspectives on Climate-Fragility Risks -- 3.4.2 Comparing Countries on Climate-Fragility Risks -- 3.5 Results and Discussion -- 3.5.1 Stakeholder Perceptions of Climate-Fragility Risks -- 3.5.2 Fragility Risks in Japan -- 3.5.3 Comparing Countries in Terms of Climate-Fragility Risks -- 3.6 Conclusions -- References. , 4 Policies and Institutions Shaping Human Security in an Era of Changing Climate and Increasing Disasters -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Role of Policies and Institutions in Human Development -- 4.2.1 State and Development -- 4.2.2 Development Effectiveness and Policies -- 4.3 Human Security and Policies -- 4.3.1 Human Security as a Policy Framework -- 4.3.2 Human Security as an Outcome of Policies -- 4.3.3 Human Security and Disaster Risk Reduction Policies -- 4.3.4 Human Security and Climate Change Policies -- 4.3.5 Policy Effectiveness for Human Security -- 4.4 Human Security and Institutions -- 4.4.1 Formal vs. Informal Institutions -- 4.4.2 Social and Solidarity Economy and Human Security -- 4.4.3 Private Institutions and Human Security -- 4.4.4 Institutional Failure and Human Insecurity -- 4.5 Policy and Institutional Indicators of Human Security -- 4.6 Limitations of Human Security as a Policy Imperative -- 4.7 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Satisfying the Basic Needs: The Material Aspect of Human Security -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Concept of Human Basic Needs -- 5.2.1 Notion of Human Needs -- 5.2.2 Basic Needs as the Core of the Material Aspect of Human Security -- 5.3 How Climate Change Impacts and Disaster Risks Undermine the Satisfaction of Human Basic Needs in Asia -- 5.3.1 Impacts on Food Security and Livelihood -- 5.3.2 Impacts on Water Quality and Quantity -- 5.3.3 Impacts on Human Health -- 5.3.4 Impacts on Shelter -- 5.3.5 Impacts on Infrastructure and Social Services -- 5.4 Selected CCA and DRR Strategies to Satisfy Basic Needs and Enhance Human Security -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Natural Resource Base as a Foundation of Human Security -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Linking Natural Resource Base, Sustainable Livelihood, and Human Security -- 6.2.1 State of Asia's Natural Resource Base. , 6.2.2 The "Vulnerability Context" of Asia's "Livelihood Assets" -- 6.3 Livelihood Strategy Transformation for Better Livelihood Outcomes -- 6.4 Promising Practices on Livelihood Strategy Transformation in Asia -- 6.4.1 Forest and Biodiversity Resources -- 6.4.2 Land and Water Resources -- 6.4.3 Mangroves, Coastal, and Marine Resources -- 6.5 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Agriculture and Food Security in Asia -- 7.1 Role of Agriculture to Ensure Food Security in the Asian Region -- 7.2 The Link Between Agricultural Performance and Food Security in Asia -- 7.2.1 Agricultural Performance and Food Availability -- 7.2.2 Agricultural Performance and Economic Food Access -- 7.2.3 Agricultural Performance and Physical Food Access -- 7.2.4 Agricultural Performance and Food Utilization -- 7.3 Agricultural Performance, Climate Change, and Natural Disasters -- 7.3.1 Changes in Crop Yield Growth -- 7.3.2 Potential Contributors to Decline in Yield Growth: Observed Changes in Temperature, Precipitation, Droughts, and Floods -- 7.3.3 Potential Contributors to Decline in Yield Growth: Pests and Diseases -- 7.3.4 Potential Contributors to Decline in Yield Growth: Limits to Productivity and Yields Posed by Soil Nutrients -- 7.3.5 Societal Impacts -- 7.4 Evaluation of Projected Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture Going Forward -- 7.4.1 Projections on Climate Change Moving Forward -- 7.4.2 Analysis of IPCC Projections on Climate Change: Impacts on Agriculture and Prices -- 7.4.3 Water: Trade-Offs Between Agricultural and Non-agricultural Uses of Water -- 7.4.4 Impacts on Agricultural Businesses Along the Supply Chain -- 7.4.5 Impacts on Rural-Urban Migration and the Future of Cities -- 7.4.6 Changing Locations of Food Production -- 7.4.7 Impacts on Global Food Supply and Demand. , 7.5 Policy Areas to Consider in Light of Postulated Future Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture -- 7.5.1 Develop Coherent Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Collaboration with the Private Sector -- 7.5.2 Encourage Site-Specific Experimentation for New Cultivars of Crops to Support Climate-Smart Agriculture -- 7.5.3 Develop Science-Based Policies and Regulatory Systems for Novel Technologies (e.g., Biotechnology, Genetically Modified Organisms, and Gene-Edited Varieties) -- 7.5.4 Implement Targeted Water Pricing Policies and Encourage Research into Enabling Technologies -- 7.5.5 Identify and Promote Inclusive Models for Viable Distribution of New Crop Varieties and Technologies -- 7.5.6 Assist Farmers in Adapting to Supply Chain Uncertainties/Changes -- 7.5.7 Promote Urban Agriculture and Related Technologies and Professions -- References -- 8 Cultural Dimensions of Human Security -- 8.1 The Importance of Culture and the Convenience of Ignoring It -- 8.2 Knowledge and Views on Climate Change and Human Security -- 8.2.1 Climate and Climate Change -- 8.2.2 Human Security -- 8.3 Some Underlying Cultural Factors in the Context of Climate Change and Disasters -- 8.4 Anthropological Approaches to Human Security -- 8.4.1 Diachronic Approach -- 8.4.2 Synchronic Approach -- 8.4.3 Critical and Feminist Approaches -- 8.5 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Population Movements and Human Security -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 The Structure of the Review: Population Movements and Human Security Questions -- 9.3 Disasters and Climate Change as Causes of Migration -- 9.3.1 Displacement Following Fast-Onset Disasters -- 9.3.2 Slow-Onset Effects and Livelihoods -- 9.3.3 Sea Level Rise -- 9.4 Population Movement as Means for Adaptation and Resilience -- 9.4.1 The Role of Migration in Managing Risks -- 9.4.2 Resettlement Experiences. , 9.5 Migration in a World of Disasters and Changing Climate -- 9.5.1 Migrants as Vulnerable Populations -- 9.5.2 Migrants as Providers of Security: Remittances -- 9.6 Conclusion: Between Evidence-Based Policies and Getting Ready for the Unthinkable -- References -- 10 Conflict, Development, and the Environment in Asia -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Conflict, National Security, and Human Insecurity -- 10.2.1 Conflictual Legacies in Laos -- 10.2.2 National Insecurity, Underdevelopment, and Human Insecurity in North Korea -- 10.2.3 National Security Prioritization in Myanmar -- 10.3 Environmental Degradation, Unsustainable Development, and Human Insecurity -- 10.3.1 Vulnerabilities in Myanmar -- 10.3.2 Vulnerabilities in Laos -- 10.3.3 Vulnerabilities in Malaysia -- 10.4 Conclusion -- References -- 11 Mainstreaming CCA-DRVRM Using Probabilistic Multi-scenario Hazard Maps for Future Resilience in Haiyan-Affected Areas -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Methodology -- 11.2.1 Climate Change Projections -- 11.2.2 Hazard Maps -- 11.3 Results -- 11.3.1 Flood Models -- 11.3.2 Landslide Models -- 11.3.3 Storm Surge -- 11.4 Discussion -- 11.4.1 Deterministic and Probabilistic Approaches to CCA-DRR in the Philippines -- 11.4.2 Mainstreaming Vulnerability and Risk Assessment into Local Development Planning -- 11.5 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 12 Preventing International Assistance becoming a Threat to Human Security: Japan's Experience in the 1995 Kobe Earthquake and the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The Challenge of Relaying Timely Information in the Middle of a Disaster -- 12.3 International SAR Assistance as a "Second Tsunami"-the Influx of International SAR Teams -- 12.4 The 1995 Kobe Earthquake -- 12.5 The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake -- 12.5.1 UNDAC and Information Sharing with the International Community. , 12.5.2 Reception of International SAR Teams.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Authors -- 1 Introduction, Aims, and Outline -- 1.1 Emergence of CBFM: A Historical Overview -- 1.2 The CBFM: Meaning, Attributes, and Extent -- 1.3 Aims of the Book -- 1.4 Outline of the Book -- References -- 2 The CBFM in Bangladesh: A Historical Background -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Forests of Bangladesh -- 2.3 Forest Management: Law and Policy -- 2.3.1 Forest Law and Policy -- 2.4 The CBFM in Bangladesh -- 2.4.1 Components of the CBFM -- 2.5 Making CBFM Work -- References -- 3 Betagi-Pomra Community Forestry (CF): 35 Years of Pioneer CBFM in Bangladesh -- 3.1 Background and Approach -- 3.2 Project History: Participants' Recitation -- 3.2.1 Land Uses in the Project Sites -- 3.2.2 Socioeconomic Changes -- 3.2.3 Conflicts and/or Problems: Then and Now -- 3.2.4 Group/Committee Formation and Functions -- 3.3 Results of Household Survey -- 3.3.1 Basic Information of the Project Participants and Respondents -- 3.3.2 Status of Physical Capital -- 3.3.3 Financial Capital: Occupational and Financial Status of the Respondents -- 3.3.4 Natural Capital: Landholding and Forest Conditions -- 3.4 The SWOT Analysis -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Co-management of Protected Areas (PA): A Paradigm Shift in PA Management -- 4.1 Concept and Principles of Co-management -- 4.1.1 Co-management as Partnership Building and Sharing of Power and Responsibility -- 4.1.2 Strengthening and/or Formation of Institution -- 4.1.3 Co-management and Social Capital -- 4.1.4 Co-management as Adaptive Management Process -- 4.1.5 Co-management and Governance -- 4.2 Co-management of Protected Areas in Bangladesh -- 4.3 Co-management of Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary: The Case Study -- 4.3.1 Methodological Approach -- 4.3.1.1 Household Survey, Key-informants Interview, and Group Discussion -- 4.3.1.2 Forest Trail Survey. , 4.3.1.3 Enumeration of Betel Leaf Plots -- 4.3.1.4 Vegetation Survey -- 4.3.1.5 Data Analysis -- 4.4 Field Findings and Interpretations -- 4.4.1 Socioeconomic Features of the Households -- 4.4.2 Dependency of Local People on the CWS -- 4.4.2.1 Forest Products Extraction by the Sampled Households -- 4.4.2.2 Forest Products Collection by the Local People (Forest Trails Survey) -- 4.4.2.3 Betel Leaf Cultivation Inside the CWS -- 4.4.3 Land Uses and Forest Health of the CWS -- 4.4.3.1 Land Uses and Plantation Activities -- 4.4.3.2 Forest Health: Floristic Composition, Tree Stock, Structure, and Diversity in the CWS -- 4.4.3.3 Regeneration Status in the CWS -- 4.4.4 Governance Structure and Functionality of Co-management Approach at Local Level -- 4.4.5 Co-management and Forest Conservation -- 4.4.5.1 Peoples' Knowledge and Opinion on Forest Conservation -- 4.4.6 A Comparison Between Baseline and Final Evaluation Data -- 4.5 Concluding Comments -- References -- 5 The Village Common Forest (VCF): Community-Driven Forest Conservation in Chittagong Hill Tracts -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Historical Background of VCF -- 5.3 The Komolchari VCF in Khagrachari: A Case Study -- 5.4 Field Findings and Interpretation -- 5.4.1 Socioeconomic Status of the Respondents -- 5.4.2 Contribution of VCF to Household Economy -- 5.4.3 Respondents' Opinion on VCF Conservation -- 5.5 Forest Management and Forest Health -- 5.5.1 Forest Management: Indigenous Institution and Governance -- 5.5.2 Forest Health of the Komolchari VCF -- 5.6 Discussion -- 5.7 Conclusion and Policy Implications -- References -- 6 Community Participation in Agroforestry Development: Lessons Learned from a Collaborative Research Project -- 6.1 Background -- 6.2 Promotion of Agroforestry for Reducing Shifting Cultivation -- 6.3 Community Participation and Agroforestry Development -- 6.4 The Study Project. , 6.5 Research Approach -- 6.6 Field Findings and Interpretation -- 6.6.1 Socioeconomic Profile of the Participants -- 6.6.2 Jhum: Principal Farming Practice in the Study Areas -- 6.6.3 Project Objective(s) and Implementation Approach -- 6.6.3.1 Project Implementation Approach, Site, and Participants Selection -- 6.6.3.2 Development of Agroforestry -- 6.6.3.3 Monitoring of Agroforestry Plots -- 6.6.4 Performance of Developed Agroforestry System -- 6.6.5 Participants' Perception on Project Benefits and Sustainability of Agroforestry -- 6.6.6 Participants' Participation in Project Activities -- 6.6.7 Challenges and Opportunity -- 6.6.8 Conclusions and Policy Implications -- References -- 7 Toward Sustainability of Community-Based Forest Management -- 7.1 A Comparative View of Socioeconomy and Forest Dependency -- 7.2 Contrasting Features of Forests in Fours CBFM Sites -- 7.3 Legal, Social and Management Issues, and Resource System Characteristics -- 7.4 Toward Sustainability of CBFM -- 7.5 The Way Forward -- 7.5.1 REDD+ and the CBFM -- 7.5.2 Mutual Rotating Fund and the CBFM -- 7.5.3 Corporate Agencies and the CBFM -- References -- Index.