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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    One-pot conversion of terminal alkynes into gem-disubstituted-alkenes
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 33 (1992), S. 6839-6840 
    Details
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0040-4039(00)61789-6
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of surfactants on mass transfer inside drops (1969)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 735-744 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model is presented to account for reduced mass transfer to drops falling through a continuous phase which contains a surface active agent. The fluid flow patterns are essentially laminar. The reduction in mass transfer is said to be due to a reduction in available interfacial transfer area and to changes in both velocity and pattern of internal circulation. These are shown to be functions of contact time and can be characterized. Experimental values agreed with the theoretically predicted ones with a deviation of less than 10%.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690150520
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(p-phenylene selenide): Synthesis and conductivity studies (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 21 (1983), S. 441-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.130210607
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
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    The Potent ALK Inhibitor Brigatinib (AP26113) Overcomes Mechanisms of Resistance to First- and Second-Generation ALK Inhibitors in Preclinical Models (2016)
    The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-16
    Description: Purpose: Non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) harboring ALK gene rearrangements (ALK + ) typically become resistant to the first-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) crizotinib through development of secondary resistance mutations in ALK or disease progression in the brain. Mutations that confer resistance to second-generation ALK TKIs ceritinib and alectinib have also been identified. Here, we report the structure and first comprehensive preclinical evaluation of the next-generation ALK TKI brigatinib. Experimental Design: A kinase screen was performed to evaluate the selectivity profile of brigatinib. The cellular and in vivo activities of ALK TKIs were compared using engineered and cancer-derived cell lines. The brigatinib–ALK co-structure was determined. Results: Brigatinib potently inhibits ALK and ROS1, with a high degree of selectivity over more than 250 kinases. Across a panel of ALK + cell lines, brigatinib inhibited native ALK (IC 50 , 10 nmol/L) with 12-fold greater potency than crizotinib. Superior efficacy of brigatinib was also observed in mice with ALK + tumors implanted subcutaneously or intracranially. Brigatinib maintained substantial activity against all 17 secondary ALK mutants tested in cellular assays and exhibited a superior inhibitory profile compared with crizotinib, ceritinib, and alectinib at clinically achievable concentrations. Brigatinib was the only TKI to maintain substantial activity against the most recalcitrant ALK resistance mutation, G1202R. The unique, potent, and pan-ALK mutant activity of brigatinib could be rationalized by structural analyses. Conclusions: Brigatinib is a highly potent and selective ALK inhibitor. These findings provide the molecular basis for the promising activity being observed in ALK + , crizotinib-resistant patients with NSCLC being treated with brigatinib in clinical trials. Clin Cancer Res; 22(22); 5527–38. ©2016 AACR .
    Print ISSN: 1078-0432
    Electronic ISSN: 1557-3265
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
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  • 5
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    Territorial behavior in Taiwanese kukrisnakes (Oligodon formosanus) [Ecology] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-04
    Description: The independent evolutionary origin of a complex trait, within a lineage otherwise lacking it, provides a powerful opportunity to test hypotheses on selective forces. Territorial defense of an area containing resources (such as food or shelter) is widespread in lizards but not snakes. Our studies on an insular population of Taiwanese kukrisnakes (Oligodon formosanus) show that females of this species actively defend sea turtle nests by repelling conspecifics for long periods (weeks) until the turtle eggs hatch or are consumed. A clutch of turtle eggs comprises a large, long-lasting food resource, unlike the prey types exploited by other types of snakes. Snakes of this species have formidable weaponry (massively enlarged teeth that are used for slitting eggshells), and when threatened, these snakes wave their tails toward the aggressor (an apparent case of head-tail mimicry). Bites to the tail during intraspecific combat bouts thus can have high fitness costs for males (because the hemipenes are housed in the tail). In combination, unusual features of the species (ability to inflict severe damage to male conspecifics) and the local environment (a persistent prey resource, large relative to the snakes consuming it) render resource defense both feasible and advantageous for female kukrisnakes. The (apparently unique) evolution of territorial behavior in this snake species thus provides strong support for the hypothesis that resource defensibility is critical to the evolution of territoriality.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    18F-FDG PET and Combined 18F-FDG-Contrast CT Parameters as Predictors of Tumor Control for Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (2013)
    The Society of Nuclear Medicine (SNM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-02
    Description: The application of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is emerging. To identify pretreatment prognostic indicators is crucial for patient selection and optimal individual therapy. The aim of this study was to determine whether 18 F-FDG PET and a combined 18 F-FDG–contrast CT parameter could be useful tools to predict tumor control for patients with HCC treated by SABR. Methods: We retrospectively identified 31 patients (41 tumors) who underwent 18 F-FDG PET before SABR between November 2007 and September 2011. 18 F-FDG PET parameters were collected as prognostic indicators, including visual PET scale (+/–), maximal standardized uptake value (SUV) of the tumor (T SUVmax ), ratio of T SUVmax to maximal normal-liver SUV, ratio of T SUVmax to mean normal-liver SUV, and score combining tumor volume and T SUVmax (CT/ 18 F-FDG PET score). They underwent SABR with a median dose of 42 Gy (ranging from 30 to 50 Gy) in 4–5 fractions. 18 F-FDG PET parameters and clinical factors were tested as predictors of tumor control and patient survival. Results: The median follow-up time was 18 mo. Among the parameters examined, T SUVmax and CT/ 18 F-FDG PET score were significantly correlated with tumor control. T SUVmax with a cutoff value of 3.2 was the most significant prognostic indicator. The 4-y control rate was 86.2% in tumors with a T SUVmax of 3.2 or less but only 37.5% in those with a T SUVmax of more than 3.2 (adjusted hazard ratio, 9.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.18–74.76; P = 0.034). CT/ 18 F-FDG PET score (≤4 vs. 〉4) was also a significant predictor of tumor control after SABR. Tumors with a CT/ 18 F-FDG PET score of more than 4 had a 5.23-fold risk of tumor failure. After adjustment for factors of sex, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, Cancer of the Liver Italian Program score, and Child–Pugh classification, tumors with a score of more than 4 had a 4.96-fold risk of failure after SABR, compared with tumors with a score of 4 or less. For overall survival, none was statistically significant. Conclusion: The use of 18 F FDG PET to predict tumor control is feasible. T SUVmax with a cutoff value of 3.2 is the best prognostic indicator. We suggest that 18 F-FDG PET may be a reference for prognostic prediction, patient selection, and radiation dose adjustment for HCC patients treated with SABR.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3123
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The Society of Nuclear Medicine (SNM)
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  • 7
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    Passenger pigeon was not always super abundant [Evolution] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-23
    Description: To assess the role of human disturbances in species’ extinction requires an understanding of the species population history before human impact. The passenger pigeon was once the most abundant bird in the world, with a population size estimated at 3–5 billion in the 1800s; its abrupt extinction in 1914 raises...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Introduction to CAUSES: Description of weather and climate models and their near-surface temperature errors in 5-day hindcasts near the Southern Great Plains (2018)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-17
    Description: We introduce the Clouds Above the United States and Errors at the Surface (CAUSES) project with its aim of better understanding the physical processes leading to warm screen-temperature biases over the American Midwest in many numerical models. In this first of four companion papers, 11 different models, from 9 institutes, perform a series of 5-day hindcasts, each initialised from reanalyses. After describing the common experimental protocol and detailing each model configuration, a gridded temperature data set is derived from observations and used to show that all the models have a warm bias over parts of the Midwest. Additionally, a strong diurnal cycle in the screen-temperature bias is found in most models. In some models the bias is largest around midday, while in others it is largest during the night. At the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains (SGP) site, the model biases are shown to extend several kilometers into the atmosphere. Finally, to provide context for the companion papers, in which observations from the SGP site are used to evaluate the different processes contributing to errors there, it is shown that there are numerous locations across the Midwest where the diurnal cycle of the error is highly correlated with the diurnal cycle of the error at SGP. This suggests that conclusions drawn from detailed evaluation of models using instruments located at SGP will be representative of errors that are prevalent over a larger spatial scale.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    Surface plasmon polariton assisted optical switching in noble bimetallic nanoparticle system (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-13
    Description: Photoresponse of bimetallic Au-Ag nanoparticle embedded soda glass (Au-Ag@SG) substrate is reported for surface plasmon assisted optical switching using 808 nm excitation. Au-Ag@SG system is made by an ion beam technique where Ag + is introduced first in the soda glass matrix by ion exchange technique. Subsequently, 400 keV Au + is implanted in the sample for different fluences, which is followed by an ion beam annealing process using 1 MeV Si + at a fixed fluence of 2 × 10 16 ions·cm −2 . Characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks around 400 and 550 nm provided evidence for the presence of Au and Ag nanoparticles. An optical switching in the Au-Ag@SG system with 808 nm, which is away from the characteristic SPR peaks of Ag and Au nanoparticles, suggests the possible role of two photon absorption (TPA) owing to the presence of interacting electric dipole in these systems. The role of surface plasmon polariton is emphasized for the propagation of electronic carrier belonging to the conduction electron of Au-Ag system in understanding the observed photoresponse. Unique excitation dependent photoresponse measurements confirm the possible role of TPA process. A competitive interband and intraband transitions in the bimetallic system of Au and Ag, which may be primarily responsible for the observation, are validated qualitatively using finite difference time domain calculations where inter-particle separation of Au and Ag plays an important role. Thus, a smart way of optical switching can be envisaged in noble bimetallic nanocluster system where long wavelength with higher skin depth can be used for communication purpose.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 10
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    Risk of Breast Cancer in Patients with Thyroid Cancer Receiving or Not Receiving 131I Treatment: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study (2016)
    The Society of Nuclear Medicine (SNM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-03
    Description: An increased risk of second primary malignancy after 131 I therapy has been reported. The objective of this study was to determine the risk of breast cancer in patients with thyroid cancer receiving or not receiving radioiodine treatment in Taiwan. Methods: This nationwide population-based cohort study was conducted using data obtained from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database from 2000 to 2011. A total of 10,361 female patients with thyroid cancer (3,292 did not receive 131 I treatment and 7,069 received 131 I treatment) were enrolled, and 41,444 female controls were frequency-matched to the thyroid cancer patients in a 1:4 ratio by age (5-y age group). A Cox proportional hazards model was applied to estimate the risk of breast cancer in thyroid cancer patients receiving or not receiving 131 I treatment in terms of hazard ratios and 95% and 98% confidence intervals. Results: The incidence rates of breast cancer in patients with thyroid cancer receiving 131 I therapy, those not receiving 131 I therapy, and controls were 18.9, 17.7, and 13.1 per 10,000 person-years, respectively. Compared with patients with thyroid cancer treated with a cumulative 131 I dose of 4.44 GBq or less, the risk of breast cancer was not significantly increased in those treated with a cumulative 131 I dose of more than 4.44 GBq (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.50–1.21, P = 0.26; 98% confidence interval, 0.45–1.33, P 〉 0.02). Conclusion: The greatest increased risk of breast cancer in patients with thyroid cancer is associated with the fact that the patient has thyroid cancer regardless of 131 I administration. However, 131 I further increased that risk but not as much as just having thyroid cancer.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3123
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The Society of Nuclear Medicine (SNM)
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