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  • 1
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    Effects of ocean acidification caused by rising CO2 on the early development of three mollusks (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Guo, X; Huang, M; Pu, F; You, W; Ke, C (2015): Effects of ocean acidification caused by rising CO2 on the early development of three mollusks. Aquatic Biology, 23(2), 147-157, https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00615
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Increasing atmospheric CO2 can decrease seawater pH and carbonate ions, which may adversely affect the larval survival of calcareous animals. In this study, we simulated future atmospheric CO2 concentrations (800, 1500, 2000 and 3000 ppm) and examined the effects of ocean acidification on the early development of 3 mollusks (the abalones Haliotis diversicolor and H. discus hannai and the oyster Crassostrea angulata). We showed that fertilization rate, hatching rate, larval shell length, trochophore development, veliger survival and metamorphosis all decreased significantly at different pCO2 levels (except oyster hatching). H. discus hannai were more tolerant of high CO2 compared to H. diversicolor. At 2000 ppm CO2, 79.2% of H. discus hannai veliger larvae developed normally, but only 13.3% of H. diversicolor veliger larvae. Tolerance of C. angulata to ocean acidification was greater than the 2 abalone species; 50.5% of its D-larvae developed normally at 3000 ppm CO2. This apparent resistance of C. angulata to ocean acidification may be attributed to their adaptability to estuarine environments. Mechanisms underlying the resistance to ocean acidification of both abalones requires further investigation. Our results suggest that ocean acidification may decrease the yield of these 3 economically important shellfish if increasing CO2 is a future trend.
    Keywords: Abnormality; Abnormality, standard deviation; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coast and continental shelf; Crassostrea angulata; Development; Fertilization success rate; Fertilization success rate, standard deviation; Figure; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Haliotis discus hannai; Haliotis diversicolor; Hatching rate; Hatching rate, standard deviation; Laboratory experiment; Metamorphosis rate; Metamorphosis rate, standard deviation; Mollusca; Mortality/Survival; North Pacific; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Percentage; Percentage, standard deviation; pH; pH, standard deviation; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Reproduction; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Shell length; Shell length, standard deviation; Single species; Species; Stage; Survival; Survival rate, standard deviation; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Time in hours; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 3738 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Early development of undulated surf clam, Paphia undulate under elevated pCO2 (2016)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Guo, X; Xu, Xiaowei; Zhang, Pengfei; Huang, M; Luo, Xuan; You, W; Ke, C (2016): Early development of undulated surf clam, Paphia undulate under elevated pCO2. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 484, 23-30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2016.08.002
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Increasing atmospheric CO2 can decrease the seawater pH and carbonate ions, which may adversely affect the larval survival of calcareous animals. In this study, we simulated future atmospheric CO2 concentrations (800, 1500, 2000 and 3000 µatm) and examined the effects of ocean acidification on the embryonic and larval stage of an infaunal clam Paphia undulate. Significant decrease of hatching of P. undulate was observed when the pCO2 reached 3000 µatm, and larval deformation rate increased significantly when pCO2 reached 2000 µatm, indicating a strong tolerance to ocean acidification compared with the embryonic development of other bivalves. The larvae cultured in 1500 µatm pCO2 exhibited the fastest growth, highest survival and shortened planktonic period, which unordinary phenomenon reflected the beneficial effect of ocean acidification on P. undulate larval development. The better development of P. undulate larvae under a higher CO2 condition maybe an adaptation in response to the acidified sediment in which they live.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coast and continental shelf; Development; Experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Hatching rate; Incubation duration; Laboratory experiment; Larval deformity rate; Metamorphosis rate; Mollusca; Mortality/Survival; North Pacific; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Paphia undulate; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; pH, standard deviation; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Registration number of species; Replicate; Reproduction; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Shell increment; Shell length; Single species; Species; Survival; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Zooplankton
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 5667 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ESR and theoretical ab initio study of the structure and dynamics of the pyrrolidine radical cation and the neutral 1-pyrrolidinyl radical (1990)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 94 (1990), S. 8081-8090 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100384a020
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulsed field magnetometer for nondestructive monitoring of encapsulated magnetic materials : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5614-5616 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A study was recently undertaken to consolidate Sm2Fe17N3−x-based materials by hot isostatic pressing (HIPing). For HIPing, pressed green samples were placed at the center of evacuated, closely fitting, nonmagnetic, thin-walled, stainless-steel cans. The use of nonmagnetic, high-resistivity containers for the samples offered a unique opportunity to evaluate the magnetic properties of the samples after HIPing, without removing them from the HIP cans, by using a pulsed field magnetometer (PFM). The high electrical resistivity of the samples and their containers permits the slowly varying magnetic field (∼5 ms rise time, 45 ms pulse length) to penetrate a sample fully with no phase lags. Thus, the magnetization of a sample is essentially in equilibrium with the applied, time-varying magnetic field. With this method, a given set of encapsulated samples could be subjected to successively higher temperature heat treatments to determine their effects on the magnetic properties. The PFM allowed the rapid acquisition, storage, and processing of digital data by computer. The design of the PFM system, demagnetization corrections, procedures used, and some results are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353614
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and properties of a magnetically hard Sm5(Fe,Co,Ti)17 phase in sintered magnets : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5902-5904 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetically hard Sm5(Fe,Co,Ti)17 phases have been synthesized by the conventional powder metallurgical method. A representative magnet of composition Sm5(Fe0.94Ti0.06)17 shows a room-temperature coercivity, iHc, ∼21.5 kOe, remanence, Br, ∼3.5 kG, and Curie temperature, Tc∼300 °C. The main phase of the magnets has the hexagonal Nd5Fe17 structure with a=20.146 A(ring), c=12.310 A(ring). The magnets contained minor amounts of Sm2(Fe,Ti)17 and Sm(Fe,Ti)3, as detected by thermomagnetic analyses (TMA). When Fe is partially substituted by Co, Tc increases, by ∼40 °C for the magnet of composition Sm5(Fe0.74Co0.20Ti0.06)17. This magnet exhibits iHc∼4.0 kOe and Br∼3.4 kG at room temperature. It consists of 2:17, 5:17, and 1:2 phases. The effects of heat treatment procedure on the phase formation and magnetic properties of the magnets have been studied. The best sintering temperature for forming the 5:17 phase, as well as for developing the highest iHc, is ∼700–850 °C. Above 850–1000 °C the 2:17 and 1:2 or 1:3 phases become dominant, the 5:17 hard phase almost disappears, and the coercivity of the magnets decreases substantially.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353516
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron paramagnetic resonance study of gadolinium–gallium–garnet (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 849-853 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in a single crystal of gadolinium–gallium–garnet has been studied with the aim of understanding the behavior of EPR in systems with large dipolar and small exchange fields, such as encountered in many of the rare-earth based high Tc superconducting compounds. Only one wide line, arising from Gd3+ has been observed. Its shape at room temperature is analyzed using the Kubo–Toyabe [Magnetic Resonance and Relaxation, edited by R. Blinc (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1967), p. 810] stochastic model for the line shape at static modulation. At low T, the anisotropy in the resonance field is a purely shape effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351305
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron spin resonance of Er3+ ions in ErzY1−zBa2Cu3O6 : The 5th Joint MMM−Intermag Conference (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 5754-5755 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report electron spin resonance measurements on ErzY1−zBa2Cu3O6 powdered samples for 0.02≤z≤1 at 36 GHz and 1.3〈T〈77 K. For z≥ (R18)0.6 a single highly distorted line, L1, is observed and interpreted in terms of a Kubo–Toyabe stochastic model. For lower z a partially resolved second line appears on the low field side of L1. The data are best represented as the sum of two Kubo–Toyabe lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350150
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetism of (Sm,R)2Fe17Ny (R=Y, Tb or mischmetal) : The 5th Joint MMM−Intermag Conference (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 6024-6026 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetic properties are reported for nitrides of the formula (Sm1−xRx)2Fe17Ny, where R=Y, Tb, or mischmetal and y=2.5 to 2.8. Substantial replacement of Sm by R is observed for Sm2Fe17−60% by mischmetal and 100% by Y or Tb. In all cases nitrogenation expands the lattice and increases Tc by 300 to 400 K. Magnetization decreases as Sm is replaced by Tb but increases when Y is the dopant. The latter implies antiferromagnetic coupling in Sm2Fe17. The uniaxial anisotropy observed for Sm2Fe17Ny is weakened by replacing Sm with Tb or Y. The weakening is greater in the case of Tb; this follows since the Tb crystal field interaction opposes that of Sm, whereas Y acts essentially as a mere diluent. If dilution were the only effect, HA would fall linearly with composition. Behavior approaching this is observed. Some of the systems appear to be of interest for permanent magnet fabrication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350081
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amorphization of TbFe3 by nitrogen absorption : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5733-5735 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The nitrogenation process of the TbFe3 intermetallic compound was studied by heat treating the alloy between 573 and 873 K in a nitrogen atmosphere. The structural and magnetic properties of the nitrogenated samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements. The magnetic moments of the nitrogenated samples were found to be a function of the annealing temperature and showed a minimum for the sample heat treated at 673 K. The XRD pattern of this sample (673 K) showed that the Bragg peaks of the 1-3 phase had completely disappeared and were replaced by a broad maximum indicating a breakdown of the TbFe3 structure into an amorphous phase. The room-temperature Mössbauer spectrum of the same sample consisted almost entirely of a quadrupole-split doublet plus a small amount of α-Fe and TbFe3. This doublet split into a broad spectrum upon cooling which is typical of amorphous rare-earth–transition-metal compounds. For samples heat treated at higher temperatures, the amount of α-Fe and TbN phases gradually increased. This nitrogenation process is unlike that of R2Fe17. In this study, nitrogen atoms do not go into the interstitial sites. Instead, they create a ferromagnetic (TC≈215 K) amorphous phase of Tb, Fe, and N which is stable over a wide temperature range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353607
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal-bonded Sm2Fe17-N-type magnets : The 5th Joint MMM−Intermag Conference (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 6027-6029 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A number of metal-bonded Sm2Fe17-N magnets have been fabricated. These magnets exhibit iHc = 5.1–17.0 kOe, Br = 6.4–8.4 kG, (BH)max=5.0–10.8 MGOe, Tc = 757 K, and ρ=6.2–6.7 g/cm3. Powder metallurgical techniques have been employed with a mixture of powdered Sm2Fe17-N and Zn, Sn, or In. Heat treatment is carried out in the temperature range of 160–450 °C in a N2 atmosphere at pressures ranging from 0–900 psi. The effects of Zn, Sn, and In contents and heat treatment conditions on the magnetic properties have been studied. Zn as the binder significantly enhances the coercivity iHc from 1.8–2.5 kOe for Zn-free magnets to 5–17 kOe for 9–20-wt. % Zn-containing magnets. The Fe-Zn phase, FeZn4, and/or Fe3Zn7, formed during heat treatment, may play an important role in producing a high coercivity. Sn-bonded magnets exhibit significant coercivity, whereas the In-bonded materials do not. The coercivity behavior is discussed in terms of the chemistry of the system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350082
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