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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Data quality review for MED POL : nineteen years of progress (1994)
    Athens : UNEP
    Details Availability
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: VII, 79 S , Ill
    Series Statement: Map technical reports series / United Nations Environment Programme 81
    Language: English
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    GEOMAR CATALOGUE
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “Mercury as a Global Pollutant”— International conference (1997)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 358 (1997), S. 361-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050430
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Certification of three mussel tissue standard reference materials (SRM) for methylmercury and total mercury content (1997)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 358 (1997), S. 424-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract SRM 1974a, Organics in Mussel Tissue (Mytilus edulis); SRM 2974, Organics in Mussel Tissue (freeze-dried); and SRM 2976, Mussel Tissue (trace elements and methylmercury) have been recently certified for methylmercury and total mercury content. Three independent analytical procedures were used to determine the certified methylmercury concentrations. Four independent procedures combined with data from two intercomparison exercises were used to determine the certified total mercury concentrations. These materials are the first certified metal speciation environmental SRMs issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050441
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Results of the international aqueous mercury speciation intercomparison exercise (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 80 (1995), S. 1257-1268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-seven laboratories from around the world agreed to participate in an intercomparison exercise for total Hg (Hgt) and methyl Hg (MMHg) in pristine lake water. Unfiltered samples from a remote brown water lake in northern Wisconsin (USA) were collected into acid cleaned Teflon® bottles using ultra-clean sample handling techniques. The samples were acidified in the field with 0.4% by volume of pre-analyzed HCl (12N; 〈5 pg Hg/mL), and sent to the primary reference laboratory (PRL) by overnight mail. Within one week of receipt, the samples were randomized, and 10% analyzed for Hgt and MMHg at the PRL to verify the homogeneity of the set. Each participating laboratory was then sent 3 randomly selected 1 L bottles, while the PRL retained 30, and the secondary reference laboratory (SRL) retained 12 samples. The participating laboratories were asked to analyze each bottle in triplicate for both Hgt and MMHg, reporting all QA data including blanks, spike recoveries, and detection limits. The PRL analyzed samples in triplicate at both the beginning and the end of the analytical window, to provide a controlled estimate of any changes in concentration or speciation over that time. Of the 23 laboratories that returned results, 18 utilized BrCl oxidation, gold trapping, and cold vapor atomic fluorescence (CVAFS) detection for Hgt. Four laboratories reported similar techniques, varying either in detector (cold vapor atomic absorption), or wet chemistry. Only 16 laboratories reported MMHg results, with 15 using a variation of the aqueous phase ethylation, GC separation, and CVAFS detection technique. The results show good convergence between the participating labs for both Hgt and MMHg. For Hgt 18 of 23 labs reported means within 20% of the consensus value and PRL results (1.27±0.18 ng/L and 1.27±0.14 ng/L respectively). For MMHg, 13 of the 16 labs reported results within 20% of either the consensus value (0.420±0.055 ng/L) or the PRL value (0.446±0.041 ng/L).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189789
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of Various Digestion and Extraction Procedures in Analysis of Heavy Metals in Sediments (2000)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 118 (2000), S. 87-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: acetic acid extraction ; aqua regiadigestion ; heavy metals ; sediments ; total digestion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Sediment analysis is very important ininvestigations of the heavy metal burden in theenvironment. In the present work various digestion andextraction procedures were evaluated in order toassess the extent of contamination with heavy metalsin sediments from the Moste hydroelectric reservoir.Total acid dissolution, aqua regia digestion andacetic acid extraction procedures were applied tosamples. Zn, Cd, Pb, Co, Ni, Cu and Cr were determinedby flame or electrothermal atomic absorptionspectrometry (FAAS, ETAAS) under optimized measurementconditions. A comparison of total acid dissolutionincluding hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment and theaqua regia soluble fraction was made to estimatethe applicability of aqua regia digestion inanalysis of total metal concentrations in sediments.In general, good agreement of the results was observedfor Co, Pb, Cu and Zn, however for Cr, Ni and Cdsignificantly lower results were obtained in the aqua regia soluble fraction. In addition, an extraction procedure using 25% v/v acetic acid wasapplied for estimation of the extent of contaminationwith heavy metals originating from anthropogenicactivities. The results indicate that the sedimentsupstream of the reservoir are not contaminated, whilethe sediments from the hydroelectric reservoir showsa significant anthropogenic input of Ni, Zn and Pb,which corresponds well with pollution sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005187602820
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
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    Mercury concentrations in biota in the Mediterranean Sea, a compilation of 40 years of surveys (2019)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Cinnirella, Sergio; Bruno, Delia Evelina; Pirrone, Nicola; Horvat, Milena; Živković, Igor; Evers, David C; Johnson, Sarah; Sunderland, Elsie M (2019): Mercury concentrations in biota in the Mediterranean Sea, a compilation of 40 years of surveys. Scientific Data, 6(1), 205, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0219-y
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-08
    Description: As a part of the 2017-2019 GEO Work Programme, the Global Observation System for Mercury (GOS4M) Flagship (http://gos4m.org) is aimed to support the implementation of the Minamata Convention on Mercury. This database has been constructed with data on mercury in Mediterranean marine biota obtained from all available literature and public datasets that span since the beginning of '70. The M2B database includes 24465 records retrieved from 541 sources that include Animalia, Plantae and Chromista Kingdoms. All records were associated to geographical coordinates and controlled to avoid duplication as several of them were obtained from grey literature. The following parameters have been retrieved when available: Country; Location; FAO fisheries region; Latitude; Longitude; Geographical precision code; Kingdom; Class; Order; Family; Species scientific name; Species common name; Species 6-digit codde; Marine habitat; Trophic level; Reference for Trophic level; Sampling Depth; Sample Lenght; Sample Weight; Age; Sex; Sampled tissue; Hg species; Tissue water content; Mean Hg concentration; Minumum Hg concentration; Maximum Hg concentration; Standar Deviation; Standard Error; Sample size; Reference source; Reference id number; Sampling date; Remarks.
    Keywords: biota; File format; File name; File size; food; Global Observation System for Mercury; inorganic mercury; intake; Mediterranean_Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Minamata Convention; organic mercury; Uniform resource locator/link to file
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 16 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    Mercury fluxes from hydrothermal venting at mid-ocean ridges constrained by measurements (2024)
    Nature Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-14
    Description: Methylmercury is a potent toxin threatening the global population mainly through the consumption of marine fish. Hydrothermal venting directly delivers natural mercury to the ocean, yet its global flux remains poorly constrained. To determine the extent to which anthropogenic inputs have increased oceanic mercury levels, it is crucial to estimate natural mercury levels. Here we combine observations of vent fluids, plume waters, seawater and rock samples to quantify the release of mercury from the Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse hydrothermal vent at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The majority (67–95%) of the mercury enriched in the vent fluids (4,966 ± 497 pmol l −1 ) is rapidly diluted to reach background seawater levels (0.80 pmol l −1 ). A small Hg fraction (2.6–10%) is scavenged to the Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse mound rocks. Scaling up our findings and previous work, we propose a mercury flux estimate of 1.5–64.7 t per year from mid-ocean ridges. This hydrothermal flux is small in comparison to anthropogenic inputs. This suggests that most of the mercury present in the ocean must be of anthropogenic origin and that the implementation of emissions reduction measures outlined in the Minamata Convention could effectively reduce mercury levels in the global ocean and subsequently in marine fish.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: other
    Format: other
    Format: other
    Format: other
    Format: other
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    Could atmospheric carbon be driving sedimentation? (2022)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Purpose: The objective of this study was to provide insights into the most recent responses of sediments to climate change and their capability to sequester atmospheric carbon (C). Methods: Three sediment cores were collected, one from the western Black Sea, and two from the southern Adriatic Sea. Cores were extruded and sectioned into 1 cm or 0.5 cm intervals. Sections were frozen, weighed, freeze-dried, and then weighed again to obtain dry weights. Freeze-dried samples were dated by using lead 210 (210Pb) and cesium 137/ americium 241 (137Cs/241Am). Organic and inorganic C were determined by combustion. Particle size distribution was determined using a Beckman Coulter particle size analyzer (LS 13,320; Beckman Coulter Inc.). Mineralogical analyses were carried out by a Philips X’Pert powder diffractometer. Results: Sedimentation and organic and inorganic C accumulation rates increased with time in both the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea. The increase in accumulation rates continued after the global introduction in the early 1970s of controls on the release of phosphorus (P) into the environment and despite the reduced sediment yield of major rivers (Po and Danube). Therefore, the increased accumulation of organic and inorganic C in the sediments cannot be assigned only to nutrient availability. Instead, we suggest that the increase in organic C is the consequence of the increase in atmospheric C, which has made more carbon dioxide (CO2) available to phytoplankton, thus enabling more efficient photosynthesis. This process known as CO2 fertilization may increase the organic C accumulation in sediments. Simultaneously, the increase of sea temperatures decreases the calcite solubility resulting in increases of the inorganic C accumulation. Conclusion: Our results suggest that long-term, general increases in accumulation rates of organic and inorganic C in sediments are the consequence of increases in atmospheric C. This shows that coastal sediments play an important role in C uptake and thus in regulating the Earth’s climate.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: other
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    Enhanced mercury reduction in the South Atlantic Ocean during carbon remineralization (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Highlights • Dissolved gaseous mercury can be calculated from modeled dissolved inorganic carbon. • Modeled dissolved gaseous mercury agrees well with worldwide observations. • Dissolved gaseous mercury is related to depth and macronutrients concentrations. Mercury (Hg) in seawater is subject to interconversions via (photo)chemical and (micro)biological processes that determine the extent of dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) (re)emission and the production of monomethylmercury. We investigated Hg speciation in the South Atlantic Ocean on a GEOTRACES cruise along a 40°S section between December 2011 and January 2012 (354 samples collected at 24 stations from surface to 5250 m maximum depth). Using statistical analysis, concentrations of methylated mercury (MeHg, geometric mean 35.4 fmol L−1) were related to seawater temperature, salinity, and fluorescence. DGM concentrations (geometric mean 0.17 pmol L−1) were related to water column depth, concentrations of macronutrients and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). The first-ever observed linear correlation between DGM and DIC obtained from high-resolution data indicates possible DGM production by organic matter remineralization via biological or dark abiotic reactions. DGM concentrations projected from literature DIC data using the newly discovered DGM–DIC relationship agreed with published DGM observations.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    Mercury Degassing on Africa-Adriatic Tectonic Plate Margin (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Beside anthropogenic influences, mercury in the environment can also be of natural origin. Among geologic sources, volcanic activity has been of main interest so far. Modern estimations of global natural emissions are between 2000 and 5200 tonnes per year. However, these estimates are very uncertain, thus more detailed and systematic research on natural sources of mercury is necessary. Tectonic activity is connected to certain phenomena such as degassing of Hg and other gases from active faults, geothermal activity, volcanoes, etc., especially on tectonic plate margins. Elemental mercury concentrations in air, soil gases and fluxes, as well as its speciation, in connection to tectonic activity, were studied in different environments such are karst cave (Postojna Cave), active volcano areas (Mt. Etna, Italy), and active tectonic areas in the Mediterranean Basin on Africa-Adriatic tectonic plate margin. Postojna Cave is characterized by elevated Hg (up to 150 ng m-3) air concentrations at certain areas in vicinity of active faults; however the concentrations showed also strong seasonal variations. Mt. Etna on Sicily is the largest and most active Mediterranean volcano. Concentrations of mercury in air in the vicinity of the volcano are relatively high (between 4 and 30 ng m-3) and rise towards the summit crater (65 to 130 ng m-3). Concentrations in sulphatare and fumaroles gases on the summit of the volcano can reach very high values (even up to 60 μg m-3). The Mediterranean Basin is characterized by strong tectonic activity as a consequence of subduction of African plate under the Eurasian plate. A possible source of DGM (dissolved gaseous mercury in sea water) in deeper and bottom waters could be intensive tectonic activity of the seafloor, since higher concentrations and portions of DGM were found near the bottom at locations with strong tectonic activity (Alboran Sea, Strait of Sicily, Tyrrhenian Sea, Ionian Sea). Distribution of different mercury species in sediment and water of the Mediterranean Sea showed that the main source of mercury is geotectonic activity and its accompanying phenomena.
    Description: Published
    Description: San Francisco
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Mercury ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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    PAPER (OA)
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