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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical Model of the Interactions Between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastric Cancer Development (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Helicobacter 8 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is associated with a number of gastrointestinal diseases, such as gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer. Several histological changes may be observed during the course of infection; some may influence the progression towards cancer. The aim of this study was to build a statistical model to discover direct interactions between H. pylori and different precancerous changes of the gastric mucosa, and in what order and to what degree those may influence the development of the intestinal type of gastric cancer.Methods. To find direct and indirect interactions between H. pylori and different histological variables, log-linear analyses were used on a case–control study. To generate mathematically and biologically relevant statistical models, a designed algorithm and observed frequency tables were used.Results. The results show that patients with H. pylori infection need to present with proliferation and intestinal metaplasia to develop gastric cancer of the intestinal type. Proliferation and intestinal metaplasia interacted with the variables atrophy and foveolar hyperplasia. Intestinal metaplasia was the only variable with direct interaction with gastric cancer. Gender had no effect on the variables examined.Conclusion. The direct interactions observed in the final statistical model between H. pylori, changes of the mucosa and gastric cancer strengthens and supports previous theories about the progression towards gastric cancer. The results suggest that gastric cancer of the intestinal type may develop from H. pylori infection, proliferation and intestinal metaplasia, while atrophy and foveolar hyperplasia interplay with the other histological variables in the disease process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-5378.2003.00110.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The scheduling of molt in migratory birds (1995)
    Springer
    Evolutionary ecology 9 (1995), S. 354-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Keywords: molt pattern ; dynamic programming ; feather quality ; seasonality ; survival rate ; reproductive success
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We model the yearly cycle of small migratory birds to explain the variation in scheduling of complete molt, in particular why some birds molt immediately after breeding on the breeding grounds (summer molt) whereas others migrate to their wintering grounds before molt is initiated (winter molt). We employ the method of dynamic programming, because of its suitability for modelling life history traits. Feather quality and latitude entered the model as state variables and were assumed to affect survival rate and reproductive success. Migration and molt were assumed to be associated with increased mortality risks. By changing the parameters in the model we were able to generate most existing molt patterns, including summer and winter molt, biannual (summer and winter) molt, and molt migration. Our model suggests that the scheduling of molt is basically a result of a trade-off between having a high feather quality during breeding versus during the non-breeding period. A high impact of feather quality on survival rate in combination with low costs of molt resulted in biannual molt. Winter molt became more likely as the survival rateper se increased. A low seasonal amplitude in survival rate is a prerequisite for the occurrence of molt migration. Molt duration, migration costs and reproductive successper se were found to have no impact on the timing of molt. We also investigated the effect of benefits from prior occupancy at breeding and winter grounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01237759
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
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    Food for Thought : Eastern Baltic cod in distress: biological changes and challenges for stock assessment (2015)
    Oxford Univ. Press
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science, 72 (8). pp. 2180-2186.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-29
    Description: The eastern Baltic (EB) cod (Gadus morhua) stock was depleted and overexploited for decades until the mid-2000s, when fishing mortality rapidly declined and biomass started to increase, as shown by stock assessments. These positive developments were partly assigned to effective management measures, and the EB cod was considered one of the most successful stock recoveries in recent times. In contrast to this optimistic view, the analytical stock assessment failed in 2014, leaving the present stock status unclear. Deteriorated quality of some basic input data for stock assessment in combination with changes in environmental and ecological conditions has led to an unusual situation for cod in the Baltic Sea, which poses new challenges for stock assessment and management advice. A number of adverse developments such as low nutritional condition and disappearance of larger individuals indicate that the stock is in distress. In this study, we (i) summarize the knowledge of recent changes in cod biology and ecosystem conditions, (ii) describe the subsequent challenges for stock assessment, and (iii) highlight the key questions where answers are urgently needed to understand the present stock status and provide scientifically solid support for cod management in the Baltic Sea.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsv109
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Short-term prediction and harvest control rules for Baltic cod (Gadus morhua): A generic method to include state of the art knowledge on environmental uncertainty and its consequences – would it make a difference for advice? (2015)
    ICES
    In:  [Paper] In: ICES Annual Science Conference 2015, 21.-25.09.2015, Copenhagen, Denmark .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-06
    Description: Vital processes relevant for exploited stocks, for example growth, predation and recruitment are closely related to the environmental conditions. Here, we present a generic method to include state of the art knowledge on environmental impacts and environmental forecasting into short-term predictions and the formulation of environment-based harvest control rules for exploited stocks. The method consists of three elements: First, the linkage between environmental parameters and stock dynamics, second the short-term prediction of both environment and stock dynamics, and third the scaling of otherwise constant reference values for fishing mortality in accordance with the environmental situation. The method is exemplified for Eastern Baltic cod. Recruitment is treated as dependent on oxygen conditions, and the formulation of the proposed fishing intensity is accounting for the actual oxygen conditions and predicted conditions for the year following the assessment year. Finally, the resulting advice is compared to advice that has been given not accounting for the oxygen conditions.
    Type: Conference or Workshop Item , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Conference paper
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