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  • 1
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    The Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability: Achievements and Priorities (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: The Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability (CSEP) is a global cyberinfrastructure for prospective evaluations of earthquake forecast models and prediction algorithms. CSEP’s goals are to improve our understanding of earthquake predictability, advance forecasting model development, test key scientific hypotheses and their predictive power, and improve seismic hazard assessments. Since its inception in California in 2007, the global CSEP collaboration has been conducting forecast experiments in a variety of tectonic settings and at a global scale and now operates four testing centers on four continents to automatically and objectively evaluate models against prospective data. These experiments have provided a multitude of results that are informing operational earthquake forecasting systems and seismic hazard models, and they have provided new and, sometimes, surprising insights into the predictability of earthquakes and spurned model improvements. CSEP has also conducted pilot studies to evaluate ground-motion and hazard models. Here, we report on selected achievements from a decade of CSEP, and we present our priorities for future activities.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1305-1313
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations of microseismicity in the southern Kuril Trench area by arrays of ocean bottom seismometers (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 98 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Two ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) arrays were deployed to study microearthquake activity in the southernmost Kuril Trench area; at a junction of the Kuril and Japan Trenches. The first OBS observation was carried out from 1982 June to 1982 July and the second was from 1983 July to 1983 August. Each array consisted of 10 OBSs covering adjacent areas with an overlap. During the observation periods each OBS recorded about 50 earthquakes a day in average, a tenth of which were located in and near the arrays.A detailed picture of seismic activity associated with subduction and/or bending of the Pacific plate was obtained at the very point where it started to subduct. Spatial distribution of microseismicity in the southern Kuril Trench area is, in general, similar to that found in the Japan Trench area off Sanriku. A prominent microseismicity was found both landward and seaward of the axis of the Kuril Trench. The seaward activity had a sharp seaward boundary; along the edge of the seaward trench wall, in the Pacific Basin beyond which no detectable event with magnitude of greater than 2 was observed. Although seismicity was high beneath a continental slope between the Kuril Trench and Hokkaido, there was a seismicity gap beneath the inner trench wall. The gap coincided with an area of between 3 and 5 km in sea depth. The depth of the events beneath the seaward trench wall ranged from 0 to 30 km and just beneath the trench axis it was slightly deeper (0–50 km).A detailed comparison of seismicity between the Kuril and Japan Trenches showed a variation in spatial distribution along the trench axis: microseismicity near the trench axis is not uniform. The activity beneath the continental slope formed a seismic zone dipping landward with a low dip angle of less than 10°, which seemed to be a shallower extension of the lower plane of the double structured seismic zone in the Kuril Trench area. It shows a contrast to the Japan Trench area where the seismicity corresponds to the upper plane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1989.tb05513.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seismicity changes related to a water injection experiment in the Nojima Fault Zone (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    The @island arc 10 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A water injection experiment was carried out by the scientific drilling program named the ‘Nojima Fault Zone Probe’ during the two periods 9–13 February and 16–25 March 1997. The pumping pressure at the surface was approximately 4 MPa. The total amount of injected water was 258 m3. The injection was made between depths of 1480 m and 1670 m in the Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University (DPRI) 1800 m borehole drilled into the Nojima Fault zone. A seismic observation network was deployed to monitor seismic activity related to the water injections. Seismicity suddenly increased in the region not far from the injection hole 4 or 5 days after the beginning of each water injection. These earthquakes were likely to be induced by the water injections. Most of the earthquakes had magnitudes ranging from −2 to +1. Numerous earthquakes occurred during the first injection, but only one could be reliably located and it was approximately 2 km north of the injection site. Between the two injection periods, earthquakes concentrated in the region approximately 1 km northwest of the injection site. During and after the second injection experiment, earthquakes were located approximately 1.5 km west of the injection site. Those earthquakes were located approximately 3 km or 4 km from the injection point and between 2 km and 4 km in depth. Values of intrinsic permeability of 10−14–10−15 m2 were estimated from the time lapse of the induced seismic activity. The coefficient of friction in the area where the induced earthquakes occurred was estimated to be less than 0.3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2001.00321.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Earthquake distribution in the subduction zone off eastern Hokkaido, Japan, deduced from ocean-bottom seismographic and land observations (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 105 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: In 1986, observations of microearthquakes were conducted with the use of five ocean-bottom seismometers (OBSs) on the continental slope east of the Kushiro Submarine Canyon (KSC) off Hokkaido Island, Japan. The observation area is located about 50-100 km landward of the southern Kuril Trench beneath which the Pacific Plate is subducted toward Hokkaido Island. The OBS data were analysed together with land data on Hokkaido Island to determine the precise earthquake distribution and the geometry of the subducted plate.The OBS data revealed for the first time the seaward seismicity east of KSC. High and shallow seismicity is concentrated in an area between the coast line of Hokkaido Island and the 2000 m isobath. A region between the 2000 and 4000 m isobaths corresponds to the source area of an interplate earthquake occurring in 1973 (the Nemuro Hanto-Oki earthquake, M= 7.4). The OBS array detected more than 10 events in this region. Most of them, however, are classified as earthquakes occurring within the subducted plate, and the remarkable aftershock activity of the 1973 event is not recognized. The seismic activity is extremely low between the 4000 and 6000 m isobaths as is commonly seen in subduction zones. The seismicity is also very low beneath the trench, in contrast with the adjacent trench areas.In a vertical section taken perpendicular to the trench axis, most of the located events form a seismic plane dipping landward. The dip-angle of the plane is 20d̀-25d̀ beneath the continental slope, while 35d̀-40d̀ under Hokkaido Island. The change in dip angle occurs 150 km landward of the trench axis. This seismic plane is located 30-40 km below the plate boundary defined from the aftershock distribution of the Nemuro Hanto-Oki event. The seismicity on the plate boundary is correlated with the geometry of the subducted plate. The high activity occurs in a restricted region where the subducted plate shows a remarkable bend.The seismic activity obtained is different from those in the adjacent regions along the southern Kuril Trench. In particular, the regional difference in seismicity is remarkable between the western and eastern sides of KSC. Our result suggests that the subduction zone along the Kuril Trench is divided into several tectonic blocks and KSC is one of their boundaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1991.tb00806.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High resolution velocity analysis of ocean bottom seismometer data by theτ-p method (1994)
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 16 (1994), S. 185-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Keywords: Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) ; directτ-p mapping ; τ-sum inversion ; high resolution seismic structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A method of high resolution seismic velocity analysis for ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) records is applied to the study of the shallow oceanic crust, especially sedimentary and basement layers. This method is based on the directτ-p mapping and theτ-sum inversion. We use data obtained from a 1989 airgun-OBS experiment in the northern Yamato Basin, Japan Sea and derive P- and S-wave velocity functions that can be compared with the seismic reflection profiles. Using split-spread profile records, we obtain interface dips and true interval velocities from the OBS data. These results show good agreement with the reflection profile records, the acoustic velocities of core samples, and sonic log profiles. We also present a method for estimating errors in the derived velocity functions by calculating covariance of the derived layers' thicknesses. The estimated depth errors are about 150 m at shallow depths, which is close to the seismic wavelength used. The high resolution of this method relies on accurate determination of shot positions by GPS, spatially dense seismic observations, and the use of unsaturated reflected waves arriving after the direct water wave that are observed on low-gain component records.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01237513
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
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    Palladium-Catalyzed [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of Aldimines and 1,4-Dipolar Equivalents via Amphiphilic Allylation (2015)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-29
    Description: Organic Letters DOI: 10.1021/ol503614d
    Print ISSN: 1523-7060
    Electronic ISSN: 1523-7052
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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