Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 0315265C [richtig] - 0315453 [falsch]. - Verbund-Nr. 01063751. - Dt. Berichtsbl. u.d.T.: Bio-H2-Produktion in Mikroalgen: Von der Systembiologie zur angewandten Sonnenenergieumwandlung , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader. , Text engl.

Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 0315453. - Verbund-Nr. 01070194 , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader. , Text in engl. - mit engl. Zsfassung

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Genomics and Functional Genomics in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 What Is Functional Genomics? -- 1.2 What Is Protein Function? -- 1.3 The Functional Annotation Problem -- 1.4 Why Use Functional Genomics? -- 2 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Genomics -- 2.1 The Status of Protein Function Annotation in Chlamydomonas -- 2.2 The Chlamydomonas Nuclear Genome and Gene Models -- 2.3 Present and Future Directions for the Chlamydomonas Nuclear Genome -- 3 Functional Genomics in Chlamydomonas -- 3.1 Transcriptomics -- 3.2 Proteomics -- 3.3 Phenomics -- 3.4 Other ``Omics´´ Experimental Types -- 3.5 Databases and Resources for Chlamydomonas Genomics and Functional Genomics -- 4 Outlook and Future Directions -- 4.1 Integrative Approaches to Analysis -- 4.2 Comparative Algal Genomics -- References -- Nuclear Transformation and Toolbox Development -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods for Nuclear DNA Transformation -- 2.1 Biolistic Transformation -- 2.2 Agitation of Cells in the Presence of DNA and Microparticles -- 2.3 Electroporation -- 3 Recombinant DNA Expression -- 3.1 Promoter Elements -- 3.2 Modulation of Recombinant DNA Expression -- 3.2.1 High-Level Transgene Expression -- 3.2.2 Inducible Transgene Expression -- 3.3 Introns -- 3.4 3′UTRs -- 3.5 G+C Content -- 3.6 Selectable Markers and Reporters -- 3.7 Recombinant Protein Production and Targeting -- 4 Gene Expression Inhibition -- 4.1 Random Mutation Strategies -- 4.1.1 Mutagenesis Via Radiation or Chemicals -- 4.1.2 Insertional Mutagenesis -- 4.2 Targeted Mutation Strategies -- 4.2.1 RNA-Dependent Gene Silencing -- 4.2.2 Direct Gene Disruption -- 5 Customizable Vectors and Expression Strain -- 5.1 Selected Vectors for Diverse Practical Applications -- 5.1.1 pGenD -- 5.1.2 Maa7/X IR (NE-537) -- 5.1.3 pProm-Chlamy (pHsp70A/RbcS2-Chlamy) -- 5.1.4 pChlamiRNA1-3. , 5.1.5 pOptimized (pOpt) -- 5.2 Cell Lines Promoting Nuclear Transgene Expression -- 6 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives -- References -- Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Pathways in Chlamydomonas -- 1 Krebs Cycle and Acetate Metabolism -- 2 OXPHOS -- 2.1 Complex I -- 2.2 Complex II -- 2.3 Complex III -- 2.4 Complex IV -- 2.5 ATP Synthase -- 3 Alternative Pathways -- References -- Bioenergetic Pathways in the Chloroplast: Photosynthetic Electron Transfer -- 1 LEF Operation -- 1.1 PSII and PSI -- 1.2 Cyt b6f Complex -- 1.3 Transmembrane Electrochemical Proton Gradient -- 2 LEF Regulation -- 2.1 State Transitions -- 2.2 qE-Dependent NPQ -- 2.3 Photosynthetic Control -- 2.4 Pmf Partitioning -- 3 CEF Operation -- 3.1 NDH-Dependent CEF -- 3.2 FQR-Dependent CEF -- 4 CEF Regulation -- 5 Auxiliary Electron Transport Pathways -- 5.1 Ferredoxins -- 5.2 Chlororespiration -- 5.2.1 Chlororespiratory Enzymes in Light-Driven Electron Transport -- 5.2.2 Potential PTOX Functions in Light-Driven Electron Transfer -- 5.2.3 Carotenoid Biosynthesis -- 5.3 Oxygen Reduction at the Stromal Face of PSI -- 5.3.1 Superoxide Dismutase -- 5.3.2 Ascorbate Peroxidase -- 5.3.3 Peroxiredoxins and Glutathione Peroxidases -- 5.3.4 Flavodiiron Proteins -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chlamydomonas: Bioenergetic Pathways-Regulation of Photosynthesis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 State Transitions -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Reorganization of the PSII Supercomplex During State Transitions -- 2.3 Reorganization of the PSI Supercomplex During State Transitions -- 3 qE Quenching -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Xanthophylls -- 3.3 qE Effectors -- 3.4 Current Model for the Induction of qE Quenching in C. reinhardtii -- References -- Chlamydomonas: Anoxic Acclimation and Signaling -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Anaerobic Metabolism of Chlamydomonas -- 2.1 Fermentation Through Pyruvate Formate Lyase. , 2.2 Pyruvate Oxidation by Pyruvate Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase -- 2.3 Fermentation in Chlamydomonas Is Flexible -- 2.4 Anaerobic Survival of Chlamydomonas -- 3 O2-Responsive Gene Expression in Chlamydomonas -- 3.1 Principles of O2 Sensing -- 3.2 Shared Anoxia and Copper-Responsive Gene Expression -- 3.2.1 The Principles of Gene Regulation by CRR1 -- 3.2.2 The Role of Coordinated Cu- and O2-Responsive Gene Expression -- 3.3 Potential Mechanisms of Indirect O2 Sensing in Chlamydomonas -- 3.4 Nitric Oxide as a Second Messenger -- 3.4.1 NO Signaling in Animals and Plants -- 3.4.2 NO Signaling in Chlamydomonas -- 3.4.3 NO Signaling in the Anaerobic Response of Chlamydomonas -- 3.5 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chlamydomonas: Regulation Toward Metal Deficiencies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Iron Deficiency and Regulation -- 2.1 Iron Nutrition -- 2.2 Iron Assimilation -- 2.3 Intracellular Iron Distribution -- 2.3.1 Photoautotrophic Versus Photoheterotrophic Growth Conditions -- 2.4 Iron Sparing and Recycling -- 2.5 Regulation of Iron-Deficiency Responses -- 3 Copper Deficiency and Regulation -- 3.1 Copper Assimilation and Copper Chaperones -- 3.2 Backup Proteins -- 3.3 Regulation of Copper Homeostasis -- 4 Other Metals -- 4.1 Zinc -- 4.2 Manganese -- 5 Conclusions and Perspective -- References -- Calcium-Dependent Signalling Processes in Chlamydomonas -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Ca2+ Signalling in Flagella Motility -- 2.1 Ca2+-Sensitive Elements Involved in Flagellar Beat -- 2.2 Light-Dependent Signalling Pathways -- 2.3 Other Motile Responses -- 3 Other Ca2+ Signalling Processes Related to Flagella Function -- 3.1 Mating -- 3.2 Gliding -- 3.3 Deflagellation -- 3.4 The Role of Ca2+ in Flagellar Length -- 4 Cytosolic Ca2+ Signalling During Stress Responses -- 5 Ca2+ Signalling and Photosynthesis -- 6 Evolution of the Ca2+ Signalling Toolkit. , 7 Technical Considerations for the Study of Ca2+ Signalling in Chlamydomonas -- 8 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chlamydomonas: The Eyespot -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Light-Signal Transduction Cascade -- 3 Eyespot Structure and Function -- 4 Plasma Membrane Eyespot Proteins -- 5 Chloroplast Envelope Protein -- 6 Pigment Granule Proteins -- 7 Asymmetric Placement of the Eyespot -- 8 Other Latitude Effectors -- 9 Clustering of Eyespot Loci and Similar Cell Cycle Expression Profiles -- 10 Future Directions -- References.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Chlamydomonas Photoreceptors: Cellular Functions and Impact on Physiology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Cryptochromes -- 3 Phytochromes -- 4 Phototropin -- 5 UVR8 -- 6 Rhodopsins -- 7 Outlook -- References -- Chlamydomonas: Hydrogenase and Hydrogen Production -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Microalgal Hydrogen Metabolism -- 3 The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Hydrogenase HYDA1 -- 3.1 Hydrogenases -- 3.2 HYDA1 Gene -- 3.3 HYDA1 Structure -- 3.4 Enzyme Maturation -- 3.5 HYDA1 Catalysis -- 3.6 Oxygen Sensitivity -- 4 Photobiological H2 Production in Practice -- 5 Targets for Improved Microalgal H2 Production -- 5.1 Electron Supply to the Hydrogenase -- 5.2 Proton Supply to the Hydrogenase -- 5.3 Oxygen Sensitivity of the Hydrogenase -- 5.4 Indirect Targets -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Protein Glycosylation and Production of Biopharmaceuticals -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Production of Biopharmaceuticals in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii -- 3 N-Glycosylation Pathway in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii -- 3.1 N-Glycosylation Pathway in Plants and Mammals -- 3.2 N-Glycan Structures in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii -- 3.3 Synthesis of the Oligosaccharide Precursor Within Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Endoplasmic Reticulum -- 3.4 Transfer and Maturation of the N-Glycans Within Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Golgi Apparatus -- 4 O-Glycosylation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii -- 5 Synthesis and Transport of Glycan Building Bocks -- 5.1 Nucleotide Sugar Biosynthesis -- 5.2 Nucleotide Sugar Transporters -- 6 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives -- References -- Chlamydomonas: Cilia and Ciliopathies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Advantages of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a Model Organism for Ciliary Research -- 3 Contributions of Chlamydomonas Research to Our Understanding of Ciliopathies and Basic Biology of Cilia. , 3.1 Motile Cilia-Related Disease and Developmental Disorders and Flagellar Motility Studies in Chlamydomonas -- 3.2 Polycystic Kidney Disease and Hedgehog Signaling, Discovery of Intraflagellar Transport in Chlamydomonas -- 3.3 Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS), Comparative Genomics, and Other Research in Chlamydomonas -- 3.4 Chlamydomonas Research Reveals the Molecular Basis of CEP290, Which Is Involved in Multiple Ciliary Diseases -- 3.5 Possible Connection of Juvenile Epilepsy to Cilia Revealed by Research in Chlamydomonas -- 3.6 Other Researches in Chlamydomonas that Contribute to Our Understanding of Basic Biology of Cilia -- 4 Other Ciliary-Related Diseases or Developmental Disorders -- 4.1 Nephronophthisis -- 4.2 Retinal Degeneration -- 4.3 Hyposmia and Anosmia -- 4.4 Meckel-Gruber Syndrome -- 4.5 Joubert Syndrome -- 4.6 Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome -- 4.7 Alstrom Syndrome -- 4.8 Senior-Loken Syndrome -- 4.9 Leber Congenital Amaurosis -- 4.10 Cranioectodermal Dysplasia -- 4.11 Jeune Syndrome -- 4.12 Short-Rib Polydactyly Syndrome -- 4.13 Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome -- References -- Chlamydomonas: Intraflagellar Transport -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Components of IFT Particles -- 2.1 Anterograde IFT Motor -- 2.2 Retrograde IFT Motor -- 2.3 IFT Complex -- 3 Assembly of IFT -- 4 Movement of IFT -- 5 The Localization and Structure of IFT -- 5.1 Immunofluorescence Microscopy -- 5.2 Electron Microscopy -- 5.3 Crystal Structure -- 6 The Function of IFT -- 6.1 Function of IFT in Flagella Assembly -- 6.2 Function of IFT in Flagella Disassembly -- 6.3 Function of IFT in Signal Transduction -- 6.4 IFT and Other Flagella Motility -- 7 The Regulation of IFT -- 8 Conclusion Remarks and Future Perspectives -- References -- The Sexual Developmental Program of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii -- 1 Gametogenesis/Sexual Differentiation -- 1.1 The Initiation of Gametogenesis. , 1.1.1 Nitrogen and Gametogenesis -- 1.1.2 Light and Gametogenesis -- 1.2 Sexual Differentiation -- 1.2.1 MID: A Master Regulator of Gametogenesis -- 1.2.2 Activation of Gametes: Agglutinins and Mating Structure -- 2 Mating -- 2.1 Cell-Cell Fusion -- 2.2 Zygote Maturation -- 2.2.1 Gsp1/Gsm1 as the Master Regulator to Initiate Zygote Development -- 2.2.2 Elimination of Gamete-Specific Transcripts/Proteins -- 2.2.3 Uniparental Inheritance of Chloroplast/Mitochondrial DNA -- 2.2.4 Zygospore Formation/Germination -- References -- Thylakoid Ultrastructure: Visualizing the Photosynthetic Machinery -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Global Algal Biotechnology Challenges -- 1.2 Solar Interfaces: Toward Structural Designs Inspired by Nature -- 2 Zooming into the Cell: A Brief Historical Perspective -- 2.1 Ultrastructural Studies of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii from 1950 to 1970 -- 2.2 Freeze-Fracture (-Etch) and Immunogold Labeling Studies from 1970 to 1990: 3D Protein Distribution in Membranes -- 2.3 Structures of the Photosynthetic Complexes at Atomic Resolution Revealed by Crystallography since 1990 -- 2.3.1 Crystallographic Techniques Leading to Atomic Resolution -- 2.3.2 Photosystem II and Light-Harvesting Complexes II -- 2.3.3 Photosystem I, Light-Harvesting Complexes I, Its Electron Donor Plastocyanin, and Electron Acceptor Ferredoxin -- 2.3.4 The Cytochrome b6f Complex -- 2.3.5 The ATP Synthase (F-type ATPase) -- 3 Advances in 3D and 4D Imaging -- 3.1 Optical Microscopy -- 3.2 Wide-Field and Confocal Microscopy -- 3.3 Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy (CLEM) -- 3.4 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) -- 3.5 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) -- 3.6 Electron Tomography -- 3.7 Single-Particle Analysis (SPA) -- 3.8 EM Tagging and Staining Techniques to Visualize Proteins in Membranes -- 3.8.1 Clonable Tags -- 3.8.2 Non-clonable Tags -- 3.9 3D Atlas Construction. , 4 Toward a 4D Atlas: Modeling Membrane and Protein Dynamics -- 4.1 Dynamic Simulations -- 4.2 Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Membrane Proteins -- 4.3 Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations -- 4.4 Concerted Architecture on a Grand Scale -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Chlamydomonas: Triacylglycerol Accumulation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Chlamydomonas -- 2.1 TAG Synthesis Is Triggered by Exposure to Stressful Growth Conditions -- 2.2 TAG and Starch Are the Main Carbon Sinks in Chlamydomonas -- 2.3 TAG Stems from Both Exogenous and Photosynthetically Fixed Carbon Sources -- 3 TAG Synthesis: A Process Involving the Chloroplast and the ER -- 3.1 TAGs Are De Novo Synthesized or Generated via Membrane Lipid Recycling -- 3.2 TAG Synthesis Requires Lipid Trafficking Across Organellar Membranes -- 4 Regulation: Accumulation and Turnover of TAGs -- 4.1 Transcription Factors Are Key Targets for Understanding TAG Synthesis Regulation -- 4.2 Putative Kinases Are Involved in TAG Accumulation -- 4.3 TAG Remobilization After the Return of Nitrogen Is a Rapid, Regulated Response -- 5 Photosynthesis and TAG Accumulation -- 5.1 Photosynthetic Electron Transport Chain Complexes Are Reduced Under Nitrogen Starvation -- 5.2 TAG Accumulation Acts as Sink for Photosynthetically Generated Reducing Equivalents and Protects Against ROS Damage -- 6 Lipid Droplets: Morphology, Cellular Localization, and TAG Species -- 6.1 Lipid Droplets Contain a Wide Range of Lipid Species -- 6.2 Lipid Droplet Proteome Consists of Structural and Metabolic Proteins -- 6.3 Biogenesis of Lipid Droplets Is an Elusive Process -- 7 Biotechnological Applications and Perspectives -- 7.1 Mutants that Show Increased TAG Accumulation Has Been Identified. , 7.2 Many Mutant Screens Have Been Developed with the Aim of Isolating Strains with Perturbed Lipid Content -- 8 Conclusions -- References.