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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 280 (1979), S. 543-549 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The existence of an island of relatively stable elements beyond the present Periodic Table has been predicted by theoretical extrapolations of nuclear properties. During the past 12 years vigorous efforts have been made to discover these superheavy elements in nature and to produce them by nuclear ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 383 (1996), S. 20-20 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR á€" In the seven years during which the Nobel committees were thinking about the Nobel prize for the discovery of nuclear fission, a variety of solutions were considered1. Should the prize be awarded in chemistry or physics, to Hahn, and/or Lise Meitner, and the young Otto ...
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 56 (1969), S. 590-605 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Vor hundert Jahren beschrieb Mendeleev [1] zum ersten Mal das Periodensystem chemischer Elemente: Ordnet man die Elemente nach ihrem Atomgewicht - heute ihrer Kernladungszahl -, so kehren chemische wie physikalische Eigenschaften periodisch wieder. Allerdings mußten damals viele Lücken fur unbekannte Elemente gelassen werden, denn ein Drittel der natürlichen Elemente fehlte noch. Gerade das Schließen dieser Lücken mit Elementen, deren Eigenschaften oft bis ins Detail richtig vorausgesagt werden waren, bestätigte iiberzeugend die Konzeption des Systems. Dennoch dauerte es nahezu achtzig Jähre, bis 1945 mit dem Element 61, Promethium, der letzte freie Platz besetzt werden konnte [2]; denn einige Elemente sind so selten, daß sie eher durch Elementumwandlung künstlich gewonnen als in der Natur aufgespiirt werden können.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: resonance ionization mass spectrometry ; detection of trace elements ; actinides ; technetium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) is a very sensitive analytical technique for the detection of trace elements. This method is based on the excitation and ionization of atoms with resonant laser light followed by mass analysis. It allows element and, in some cases, isotope selective ionization and is applicable to most of the elements of the periodic table. A high selectivity can be achieved by applying three step photoionization of the elements under investigation and an additional mass separation for an unambiguous isotope assignment. An effective facility for resonance ionization mass spectrometry consists of three dye lasers which are pumped by two copper vapor lasers and of a linear time-of-flight spectrometer with a resolution better than 2500. Each copper vapor laser has a pulse repetition rate of 6.5 kHz and an average output power of 30 W. With such an apparatus measurements with lanthanide-, actinide-, and technetium-samples have been performed. By saturating the excitation steps and by using autoionizing states for the ionization step a detection efficiency of 4 × 10−6 and 2.5 × 10−6 has been reached for plutonium and technetium, respectively, leading to a detection limit of less than 107 atoms in the sample. Measurements of isotope ratios of plutonium samples were in good agreement with mass-spectrometric data. The high elemental selectivity of the resonance ionization spectrometry could be demonstrated.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Thyroid carcinoma ; Lymphocytic infiltration ; CD68 ; Angiogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunohistochemical detection and quantification of CD3-and CD45RO-positive lymphocytes and CD68-positive cells in 75 thyroid carcinomas of follicular cell origin revealed rising levels for these parameters associated with dedifferentiation. A parallel trend towards reduction of vascularisation, determined as CD31-positive blood vessels, with decreasing differentiation became evident, statistically only significant when well-differentiated follicular and anaplastic carcinomas were compared. Positive correlations could be demonstrated between the density of CD68-, CD3-, and CD45RO-positive cells as well as between the density of CD68-, and CD3-, and CD45RO-positive cells and vascularisation. These correlations were expected, as the interaction of CD68-positive cells and T lymphocytes results in the production of angiogenesis factors, ultimately leading to better vascularisation of the tumour. Nevertheless, the tumour cells themselves are variously capable of producing angiogenic substances. The obvious lack of positive correlation between the density of tumour-infiltrating cells determined in this study and vascularisation, despite reduced vascularisation in less differentiated tumours that contained increasing numbers of tumour-infiltrating cells, seems to be due to functional heterogeneity of morphologically similar, tumours.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 216 (1966), S. 41-50 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Lösungsmittelextraktionen lassen sich erheblich beschleunigen, indem man das Extraktionsmittel an einen feinkörnigen TrÄger adsorbiert und die zu extrahierende Lösung rasch durch eine dünne Schicht dieses Materials saugt. Fünfwertiges Antimon und Protactinium werden durch Diisobutylcarbinol und Di-2-Äthylhexyl-orthophosphorsÄure, gebunden an PolytrifluormonochlorÄthylen, selbst bei maximaler Sauggeschwindigkeit von 2–3 ml/sec nahezu quantitativ extrahiert. Die Anwendung dieser Technik bei kernchemischen Studien wird an folgenden schnellen Trennungen demonstriert: Protactinium-234 m aus Uran, Antimon aus Tellur nach (n, p)-Proze\, Antimon aus Spaltprodukten und wiederholtes Abmelken von Tellur aus Spaltantimon.
    Notes: Summary Solvent extractions can be accelerated considerably by absorbing the extracting agent on a fine-grained carrier and sucking quickly the solution to be extracted through a thin layer of this material. Pentavalent antimony and protactinium are extracted almost quantitatively by using di-(2-ethylhexyl-)-orthophosphoric acid and di-isobutylcarbinol adsorbed on poly-trifluoro-monochloro-ethylene, even at a maximum suction rate of 2–3 ml/sec. Application of this technique to studies in nuclear chemistry is demonstrated by the following fast separations: protactinium-234 m from uranium, antimony from tellurium after a (n,p)-reaction, antimony from fission products, and repeated milking of tellurium from fission antimony.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 226 (1967), S. 71-88 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Kurzlebige Nuklide können durch schnellen Isotopen-oder Ionenaustausch zwischen ihren Lösungen und vorgeformten Niederschlägen isoliert werden. Dazu wird die Lösung rasch durch eine dünne Niederschlagsschicht gesaugt. An Silberhalogeniden, Caesium-, Barium-und Thalliumverbindungen wird gezeigt, wie sich Herstellung, Menge und Löslichkeit des Niederschlags sowie Zusammensetzung und Kontaktzeit der Lösung auf den Austausch auswirken. In einigen Systemen tragen nicht nur Oberflächenschichten, sondern der gesamte Niederschlag oder der größte Teil davon zum schnellen Austausch bei. Als Anwendung wird eine automatisierte Abtrennung von Brom-und Jodnukliden aus Spaltprodukten durch Austausch an Silberchlorid beschrieben, die 2 sec nach der Bestrahlung beendet ist.
    Notes: Summary Short-lived nuclides can be isolated by rapid isotopic and ion exchange between their solutions and preformed precipitates by sucking the solution quickly through a thin layer of the precipitate. It is shown with silver halides, caesium, barium, and thallium compounds how the exchange depends upon the preparation, amount and solubility of the precipitate, and upon the composition and contact time of the solution. In a few systems not only the surface layer but the whole precipitate or most of it is involved in the rapid exchange. As an application an automatic separation procedure is described for bromine and iodine nuclides from fission products by exchange with silver chloride, which can be completed within 2 seconds after irradiation.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 219 (1966), S. 93-102 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Verdampfung der Spaltprodukte Germanium, Arsen, Molybdän, Ruthenium, Cadmium, Zinn, Antimon und Tellur aus bestrahltem U3O8 im Wasserstoff-, Stickstoff- und Sauerstoffstrom wurde zwischen 900 und 1500° C untersucht. Bei 1500° C verdampfen die meisten dieser Elemente innerhalb 1 Std mit hoher Ausbeute.
    Notes: Summary The volatization of the fission products germanium, arsenic, molybdenum, ruthenium, cadmium, tin, antimony and tellurium from neutron-irradiated uranium oxide in flowing hydrogen, nitrogen or oxygen of atmospheric pressure was investigated between 900 and 1500° C. At 1500° C, most of these elements are volatized with high yield within one hour.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Cardiac transplantation ; Sympathetic re-innervation ; Iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine ; Thallium-201 ; Dual-isotope technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cardiac transplantation entails surgical disruption of the sympathetic nerve fibres from their somata, resulting in sympathetic denervation. In order to investigate the occurrence of sympathetic re-dnnervation, neurotransmitter scintigraphy using the norepinephrine analogue iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) was performed in 15 patients 2–69 months after transplantation. In addition, norepinephrine content and immunohistochemical reactions of antibodies to Schwarm cell-associated S100 protein, to neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and to norepinephrine were examined in 34 endomyocardial biopsies of 29 patients 1–88 months after transplantation. Anterobasal123I-MIBG uptake indicating partial sympathetic re-dnnervation could be shown in 40% of the scintigraphically investigated patients 37–69 months after transplantation. In immunohistochemical studies 83% of the patients investigated 1–72 months after transplantation showed nerve fibres in their biopsies but not positive reaction to norepinephrine. Significant norepinephrine content indicating re-dnnervation could not be detected in any biopsy. It was concluded that in spite of the lack of norepinephrine content there seemed to be immunohistological and scintigraphic evidence of sympathetic re-dnnervation. An explanation for this contradictory finding may be the reduced or missing norepinephrine storage ability compared to the restored uptake ability of regenerated sympathetic nerve fibres.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 29 (1995), S. 174-174 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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