Note: Catalysis -- Contents -- Chapter 1 Role of Metal Ion-Metal Nanocluster Ensemble Sites in Activity and Selectivity Control -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Historical Background -- 1.2 Type of Active Sites -- 1.3 Mono- and Bimetallic Supported Catalysts -- 1.4 Promotion of Supported Metal Nanoclusters -- 1.5 Characterization of Supported Metal Catalysts -- 1.6 Subject of Contribution -- 2 Case Studies -- 2.1 Supported Sn-Pt Catalysts -- 2.2 CO Oxidation on Supported Gold Catalysts -- 2.3 Supported Sn-Ru Catalysts -- 2.4 Re-Pt/Al2O3 Catalysts -- 2.5 Copper-Containing Catalysts -- 2.6 Other Types of Supported Catalysts -- 3 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2 The Destruction of Volatile Compounds by Heterogeneous Catalytic Oxidation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 VOC Abatement -- 3 Operational Parameters Affecting the Catalytic Combustion of VOCs -- 3.1 Tempertature -- 3.2 System Preheating -- 3.3 Space Velocity -- 3.4 Type of VOC -- 3.5 VOC Mixtures -- 3.6 VOC Concentration -- 3.7 Deactivation -- 4 Catalysts used for VOC Abatement -- 4.1 Noble Metal Catalysts -- 4.2 Design of Catalyst Supports -- 4.3 Gold as a VOC Destruction Catalyst -- 4.4 Metal Oxide Catalysts -- 4.5 Mixed Catalyst/Sorbent Systems -- 4.6 Comparison of Noble Metal and Oxide Catalysts -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 CO Oxidation Over Supported Au Catalysts -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preparation of Supported Au Catalyst -- 3 Nature of Au Active Site -- 4 Reaction Mechanism -- 5 Catalyst Deactivation -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Coke Characterization -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Temperature-Programmed Techniques -- 2.1 Temperature-Programmed Oxidation -- 2.2 TPO Studies of Different Catalytic Systems -- 2.3 Temperature-Programmed Hydrogenation -- 2.4 Temperature-Programmed Gasification -- 3 Electron Microscopy -- 3.1 Naphtha Reforming -- 3.2 Coke on Nickel Catalysts. , 3.3 1-Butene Isomerization -- 4 Electron Energy Loss Spectrocopy (EELS) -- 4.1 Naphtha Reforming -- 4.2 1-Butene Isomerization -- 4.3 Other Reactions on Zeolites -- 5 Infrared techniques (FTIR, DRIFTS) -- 5.1 Cracking -- 5.2 Isobutane Alkylation -- 5.3 1-ButeneSkeletalIsomerization -- 5.4 Butene Dehydrogenation -- 5.5 Other Reactions on Zeolites -- 6 Laser Raman Spectroscopy -- 6.1 Classic Laser Raman Spectroscopy (LRS) -- 6.2 UV-Raman Spectrometry (UV-RS) -- 7 Dissolution of Support and Solvent Extraction -- 7.1 Naphtha Reforming -- 7.2 Coke on Zeolites -- 7.3 Paraffins Dehydrogenation -- 7.4 Propene Oligomerization on Heteropoly-Acids -- 7.5 n-Butane Isomerization -- 8 Neutron Scattering and Attenuation -- 9 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) -- 9.1 13C CP/MAS-NMR -- 9.2 1H NMR -- 9.3 129Xe NMR -- 9.4 129Si MAS NMR -- 10 Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) -- 11 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) -- 12 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) -- 13 Sorption Capacity: Surface Area and Pore Volume -- 13.1 Coke on Zeolites -- 13.2 Residue Hydrotreating -- 13.3 Isobutane Dehydrogenation -- 14 X-Ray Photo-electron Spectroscopy (XPS) -- 14.1 Coke on Zeolites -- 14.2 Residue Hydrotreating -- 14.3 Isobutane Dehydrogenation -- 15 Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-VIS) -- 15.1 Isobutane Alkylation -- 15.2 n-Butane Isomerization -- 16 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) -- 17 Coke Formation Rate -- 18 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 5 Deactivation of Oxidation Catalysts for VOC Abatement by Si and P Compounds -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Effect of Organo-silica Compounds -- 2.1 Chemical Properties of Hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) -- 2.2 Deactivation Effect of Hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) on Oxidation Catalysts -- 2.3 Effect of Hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) Concentration -- 2.4 Effect of Catalysts and Supports -- 2.5 Effect of Deactivation Temperature. , 2.6 Effect of Reactor Design -- 2.7 Mechanism of Deactivation -- 3 Deactivation by Phosphorus Compounds -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Influence of Phosphorus Poisoning -- 3.3 Support Effects -- 3.4 Mechanism and Kinetics -- 4 Mathematical Modeling of Deactivation by Si and P-Based Compounds -- 4.1 Mathematical Approaches -- 4.2 Analytical and Numerical Methods -- 4.3 Modeling of Catalyst Poisoning by Organosilicon Compounds -- 4.4 Modeling of Poisoning by Organophosphorous Compounds -- 4.5 Optimization of Active Phase Distribution For Deactivating Systems -- 4.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 6 Microemulsion: An Alternative Route to Preparing Supported Catalysts -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Formation of Nanoparticles in Microemulsions -- 2.1 What is a Microemulsion? -- 2.2 Structure of Microemulsions -- 2.3 Microemulsions as Synthesis Medium -- 2.4 Some Relevant Aspects of Microemulsions for Particle Preparation -- 3 Metal Oxides by Microemulsion -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Catalytic Oxide Materials -- 3.3 Oxide Materials -- 4 Metal-based Catalysts Prepared by Microemulsion -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Unsupported Catalysts -- 4.3 Supported Catalysts -- 4.4 Microemulsion vs Traditional Techniques -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 7 Catalysis of Acid/Aldehyde/Alcohol Condensations to Ketones -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Decarboxylative Condensation, Acids -- 3 Decarboxylative Condensation, Aldehydes and Alcohols -- 4 'One-step' Aldol Condensations to Ketones -- 5 Lower Temperature Condensations to Ketones -- 6 Catalyst Properties - Decarboxylative Condensations -- 7 Catalyst Properties - 'One-step' Aldol Condensations -- References -- Chapter 8 Turnover Frequencies in Metal Catalysis: Meanings, Functionalities and Relationships -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Determination of TOF Based on Chemisorption -- 3 Determination of TOF Based on SSITKA. , 4 Relationship of TOFChem and TOFITK to Site Activity -- 5 Comparison of TOFChem and TOFITK for Actual Reactions -- 5.1 Methanation: a Classic Structure-insensitive Reaction -- 5.2 Methanol Synthesis -- 5.3 Ethane Hydrogenolysis: a Classic Structure-sensitive Reaction -- 5.4 Ammonia Synthesis -- 6 Conclusions -- References.