Note: Intro -- Title page -- Contents -- Contributors -- 31 Infectious diseases that may threaten Europe's amphibians -- I. Introduction -- II. Viruses -- A. Ranavirosis -- B. Herpesvirosis -- III. Bacteria -- IV. Fungi -- A. Chytridiomycosis -- V. Oomycetes -- A. Saprolegniosis -- VI. Mesomycetozoea -- A. Amphibiocystidium sp. -- VII. Protozoa -- VIII. Metazoa -- IX. Concluding remarks -- X. References -- 32 Conservation and declines of amphibians in Ireland -- I. Introduction -- II. The Irish amphibians -- A. Lissotriton vulgaris -- B. Rana temporaria -- C. Bufo [Epidalea] calamita -- III. Conservation measures and monitoring programmes -- IV. Status of Irish amphibians on the red data list -- V. Conclusions -- VI. References -- 33 Amphibian declines and conservation in Britain -- I. Introduction -- II. Amphibian declines and conservation measures -- A. The great crested newt (Triturus cristatus) -- B. The pool frog (Pelophylax lessonae) -- C. The natterjack toad (Bufo [Epidalea] calamita) -- D. The common toad (Bufo bufo) -- E. The agile frog (Rana dalmatina) -- F. Other species and issues -- G. Species' status -- III. Monitoring of amphibians in Britain -- IV. Conclusions -- V. Acknowledgements -- VI. References -- 34 Conservation and declines of amphibians in The Netherlands -- I. Introduction -- II. Declining species and species of special conservation concern -- A. Bombina variegata -- B. Salamandra salamandra -- C. Hyla arborea -- D. Pelobates fuscus -- E. Triturus cristatus -- F. Lissotriton helveticus -- G. Alytes obstetricans -- H. Bufo calamita -- III. Conservation measures and monitoring programmes -- A. Conservation measures -- B. Monitoring programmes -- IV. Perspective -- V. Acknowledgements -- VI. References -- 35 Amphibian declines and conservation in Belgium -- I. Introduction -- II. Legal protection and current status of amphibians. , III. Species of special conservation concern -- A. The yellow-bellied toad (Bombina variegata) -- B. The treefrog (Hyla arborea) -- C. The common spadefoot (Pelobates fuscus) -- D. The common midwife toad (Alytes obstetricans) -- E. The fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) -- F. The natterjack toad (Bufo [Epidalea] calamita) -- G. The great crested newt (Triturus cristatus) -- IV. Conservation and monitoring -- V. Acknowledgments -- VI. References -- 36 Amphibian declines and conservation in France -- I. Introduction -- A. Threats to amphibians in France -- 1. Destruction and alteration of habitats -- 2. Diseases -- 3. Non-native species -- II. Declining species of amphibians and species of concern for conservation -- A. Species with a reduced distribution in France -- 1. Species that reach their distributional limit in France -- A. Salamandra atra -- B. Bufo viridis -- C. Pelobates fuscus -- D. Rana arvalis -- 2. Narrowly distributed species that occur in France -- A. Calotriton asper -- B. Salamandra lanzai -- C. Rana pyrenaica -- B. Widely distributed species that occur in France -- III. Conservation measures and monitoring programmes -- A. National action plans -- B. The Natura 2000 Network and the Habitats Directive in France -- 1. Amphibians and the Natura 2000 Network -- 2. Implementation of Article 17 of the Habitats Directive -- C. Monitoring of amphibians in France -- D. Protected areas -- 1. National parks and nature reserves -- 2. Other protected areas -- IV. The Red List of amphibians of metropolitan France -- V. Conclusions -- VI. Acknowledgements -- VII. References -- 37 Conservation and declines of amphibians in Spain -- I. Introduction -- II. Declining species -- III. Conservation measures and monitoring programmes -- IV. Red List -- V. Conclusions -- VI. Acknowledgments -- VII. References. , 38 Conservation and declines of amphibians in Portugal -- I. Introduction - the country and its amphibian fauna -- II. Threats to amphibians -- III. Declining species or species of special concern for conservation -- IV. Conservation measures and monitoring programmes -- V. Conclusions -- VI. Acknowledgments -- VII. References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Copyright -- Title Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Preface -- Volumes in the series Amphibian Biology -- 1. Integrating reproductive technologies into the conservation toolbox for the recovery of amphibian species -- 2. Status of global amphibian declines and the prioritisation of species for captive breeding -- 3 Methods of identifying the sex of amphibians and of conditioning captive brood stock for assisted reproduction -- Colour plates -- 4. Hormonal control of amphibian reproduction -- 5. Non-invasive monitoring of stress physiology during management and breeding of amphibians in captivity -- 6. Ultrasonography to assess female reproductive status and inform hormonally induced ovulation -- 7. Protocols for hormonally induced spermiation, and the cold storage, activation, and assessment of amphibian sperm -- 8. Genetic management of threatened amphibians: using artificial fertilisation technologies to facilitate genetic rescue and assisted gene flow -- 9. Cryopreservation of amphibian genomes: targeting the Holy Grail, cryopreservation of maternal-haploid and embryonic-diploid genomes -- 10. Culturing and biobanking of amphibian cell lines for conservation applications -- 11. Linking in situ and ex situ populations of threatened amphibian species using genome resource banks -- 12. Genome resource banks as a tool for amphibian conservation -- Appendix -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Table of contents -- Contents of previous parts -- Contributors -- Editors' preface -- 39 The amphibians of the Italian region: A review of conservation status -- I. Introduction -- II. The status of the Italian amphibian fauna -- III. Threats affecting the Italian batrachofauna -- A. Habitat alteration and urbanization -- B. The chytrid fungus in Italy and its significance for amphibian conservation -- C. The introduced species -- IV. Conservation measures and monitoring programmes -- V. Conclusions -- VI. Acknowledgements -- VII. Addendum -- VIII. References -- 40 Amphibian conservation and declines in Malta -- I. Introduction -- II. Maltese amphibians -- III. Conservation status and threats -- IV. Conservation measures and monitoring programmes -- V. Conclusions -- VI. Acknowledgements -- VII. References -- 41 Conservation and declines of amphibians in Croatia -- I. Introduction -- II. Conservation measures and monitoring programmes -- III. Red List -- IV. Summary -- V. Acknowledgements -- VI. References -- 42 Conservation and declines of amphibians in Slovenia -- I. Introduction -- II. Declining species -- A. General pressures on amphibian populations in Slovenia -- B. Declining amphibian species and species of special conservation concern -- III. Conservation measures and monitoring programmes -- A. Historical background of conservation measures and legislation for protecting amphibian species in Slovenia -- B. Conservation measures -- C. Monitoring activities -- IV. Red List of Slovenian amphibians -- V. Conclusion -- VI. Acknowledgements -- VII. References -- 43 Conservation and decline of European amphibians: The Republic of Serbia -- I. Introduction -- A. General pressures on amphibian populations -- II. Declining species and species of special concern for conservation -- A. Declining amphibian species. , B. Species of special concern for conservation -- III. Conservation measures and monitoring programmes -- IV. Species' status -- V. Summary -- VI. Acknowledgements -- VII. References -- 44 Amphibian declines and conservation in Montenegro -- I. Introduction -- II. General pressures on amphibian populations worldwide -- A. Habitat destruction -- B. Introduced and invasive species -- C. Climatic change -- D. Over-harvesting -- III. Species of special conservation concern in Montenegro -- IV. Conservation measures and monitoring programmes -- V. References -- 45 Status of amphibians in Bosnia and Herzegovina -- I. Introduction -- II. Freshwater habitats -- A. The Black Sea Basin -- B. The Adriatic Basin -- C. Lakes -- D. Wetlands -- E. Pressures on wetland ecosystems -- III. The amphibians of Bosnia and Herzegovina -- A. Pressures on the amphibian fauna -- IV. References -- 46 Conservation and protection status of amphibians in Macedonia -- I. Introduction -- A. Geographic features -- B. Amphibian species in the FYR of Macedonia -- C. Assessment -- II. Threats to amphibians -- III. Species of special concern for conservation -- IV. Conservation measures and monitoring programmes -- V. Conclusions -- VI. References -- 47 Amphibians of Albania -- I. Introduction -- II. Amphibian population declines in Albania -- III. Conservation measures and monitoring programmes -- IV. Summary of the species present in Albania and their status -- V. Conclusions -- VI. Acknowledgements -- VII. References -- 48 Declines and conservation of amphibians in Greece -- I. Introduction -- II. Species of special conservation concern -- A. Pelophylax cerigensis (Beerli et al. 1994) -- B. Bombina bombina (Linnaeus 1761) -- C. Pelophylax cretensis (Beerli et al. 1994) -- D. Lyciasalamandra luschani (Steindachner 1891) -- E. Ichthyosaura alpestris (Laurenti 1768). , F. Rana temporaria (Linnaeus 1758) -- G. Lyciasalamandra helverseni (Pieper 1963) -- III. Conservation measures and monitoring programmes -- IV. Conclusions -- V. References -- 49 Amphibian conservation anddecline in Romania -- I. Introduction -- A. Human footprint -- B. Phylogeography -- II. Species of special conservation concern -- A. Taxonomic issues -- B. Hybridization -- C. Major threats -- III. Conservation measures and monitoring programmes -- A. Legislation and conservation policy -- B. Red Lists -- C. Conservation and taxonomy -- D. Conservation strategies -- IV. Conclusions -- V. Acknowledgements -- VI. References -- 50 Conservation and decline of amphibians in Hungary -- I. Introduction -- A. The history of habitat destruction in Hungary -- B. Legal protection of amphibian species in Hungary -- II. Declining species of amphibians and species of special conservation concern -- A. Salamandra salamandra -- B. Triturus dobrogicus -- C. Triturus carnifex -- D. Ichthyosaura alpestris -- E. Bombina variegata -- F. Rana arvalis -- G. Rana temporaria -- III. Conservation measures and monitoring programmes -- A. Role of NGOs in protection of amphibians -- B. Mapping the Hungarian herpetofauna -- C. Amphibian rescue actions -- D. Frog tunnels -- E. Monitoring programmes -- IV. Conclusions -- V. Acknowledgements -- VI. References -- 51 Conservation and declines of amphibians in Bulgaria -- I. Introduction -- A. Species list and recent changes -- B. Species' distribution and richness -- II. Amphibian declines and species of special conservation concern -- III. Conservation measures and monitoring programmes -- IV. Conclusions -- V. Acknowledgements -- VI. References -- 52 Amphibian conservation and decline in Turkey -- I. Introduction -- A. Causes of species richness in Turkey -- B. The amphibian species of Turkey. , II. Declining Turkish amphibians and species of special conservation concern -- A. Declining amphibian species in Turkey -- B. The reasons for amphibian decline in Turkey -- C. Amphibian species of special conservation concern in Turkey -- III. Conservation measures required -- IV. Summary -- V. References -- 53 Conservation of amphibians in Cyprus -- I. Introduction -- II. Cypriot amphibians -- A. Hyla savignyi -- B. Bufotes viridis -- C. Pelophylax bedriagae -- III. Monitoring -- IV. References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Copyright -- Title -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contents of Previous Parts of Volume 11 -- Contributors to Part 6 -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. A Brief Demographic Overview of Australia's Native Amphibians -- Chapter 3. Status of Decline and Conservation of Frogs in the Wet Tropics of Australia -- Chapter 4. Frogs of the Monsoon Tropical Savannah Regions of Northern Australia -- Chapter 5. An Update on Frog Declines from the Forests of Subtropical Eastern Australia -- Chapter 6. Frog Declines and Associated Management Response in South-eastern Mainland Australia and Tasmania -- Chapter 7. The Status of Decline and Conservation of Frogs in Temperate Coastal South-eastern Australia -- Chapter 8. Conservation of Frogs in South-western Australia -- Chapter 9. The Status of Decline and Conservation of Frogs in the Arid and Semi-arid Zones of Australia -- Chapter 10. The Impact of an Invasive Amphibian: The Cane Toad Rhinella marina -- Chapter 11. The Role of Ex-Situ Amphibian Conservation in Australia -- Chapter 12. Conservation of Frogs in Australia: State and Federal Laws -- Plates -- Chapter 13. Status of Decline and Conservation of Frogs in New Zealand -- Chapter 14. Amphibians of the Pacific: Natural History and Conservation -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.

Note: Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- 1 Theories of Insular Biogeography and Ecology -- 2 Amphibians of the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands -- 3 The Amphibians of Cuba: integrative insight into the diversity and conservation of a highly vulnerable fauna -- 4 Amphibians of the Southwestern Caribbean Islands -- 5 Amphibians of Jamaica -- 6 Status of Amphibians in the Republic of Haiti: a review -- 7 Status of Amphibian Conservation and Decline in the Dominican Republic, Hispaniola -- 8 Amphibians and their History, Distribution, and Conservation in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands -- 9 Amphibians of the Lesser Antilles -- 10 Amphibians of Aruba, Curaçao, and Bonaire -- 11 Amphibians of the Venezuelan Islands -- 12 Amphibians and their Conservation in Trinidad and Tobago -- 13 Amphibians of the Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Republic of Panama -- Glossary -- Subject Index -- Taxonomic Index.