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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 47 (1993), S. 61-79 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the morphology of the central nervous system throughout the larval development ofCarcinus maenas. For that purpose single larvae were reared in the laboratory from hatching through metamorphosis. Complete series of whole mout semithin sections were obtained from individuals of all successive larval stages and analysed with a light microscope. Morphological feature and spatial arrangement of discernable neural cell clusters, fibre tracts and neuropile are described and compared with the adult pattern. We found that most of the morphological features characterizing the adult nervous system are already present in the zoea-1. Nevertheless, there are marked differences with respect to the arrangement of nerve cell bodies, organization of cerebral neuropile, and disposition of ganglia in the ventral nerve cord. It appears that complexity of the central nervous neuropile is selectively altered during postmetamorphotic development, probably reflecting adaptive changes of sensory-motor integration in response to behavioural maturation. In contrast, during larval development there was little change in the overall structural organization of the central nervous system despite some considerable growth. However, the transition from zoea-4 to megalopa brings about multiple fundamental changes in larval morphology and behavioural pattern. Since central nervous integration should properly adapt to the altered behavioural repertoire of the megalopa, it seems necessary to ask in which respect synaptic rearrangement might characterize development of the central nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
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    In:  EPIC3INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY, 41, pp. 477-484
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The caridean shrimp Palaemonetes argentinus Nobili is well suited for studying developmental aspects of the crustacean nervous system due to its rapid embryonic development and short reproductive cycle. In the present paper, we demonstrate the pattern of central axonal pathways in embryos of this species by immunohistochemical detection of acetylated a-tubulin. Development of the neuropil was elucidated by using an antibody to a Drosophila synapsin. In the ventral nerve cord, the segmental axonal scaffold consists of the paired lateral connectives, a median connective, and the anterior and posterior commissures. Three nerve roots were found to branch off each ganglion anlage, i.e. the main segmental nerve root, a smaller posterior nerve and the intersegmental nerve. However, this pattern is different in the mandibular segment where no intersegmental nerve and only one commissure was encountered. The anterior part of the brain consists of a tritocerebral and a deutocerebral anlage as well as the anlage of the medial protocerebrum. The latter is connected to the eyestalk via the protocerebral tract. The sequence of development of the eyestalk ganglia was demonstrated in specimens which were stained with the anti-synapsin antibody. The medulla terminalis and medulla interna are the first neuropils to appear and are still fused in early stages. Later, the medulla interna splits off the medulla terminalis. The lamina ganglionaris is the last of the eyestalk neuropils to develop. These findings prove that immunocytochemistry against acetylated a-tubulin and synapsin are valuable tools for studying the development of the crustacean nervous system.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Dem Marktflecken Greifswald wird 1250 von Wartislaw III. von Pommern (1210-1264) das Lübecker Stadtrecht verliehen (PUB 514). Die Fischereigerechtigkeit erhalten die Greifswalder Fischer um etwa 1270 von Herzog Barnim I. (1210-1278). Sie erstreckt sich von der Spandowerhagener Wiek bis zur Peene und von dort zum Ruden. Die Fischfangrechte für die Dänische Wiek besaßen die Greifswalder bereits (Dähnert, J. C. Pommersche Bibliothek, Bd. 4, 397). Im archäologischen Fundgut finden sich regelmäßig Hinweise auf Fischfang und Konsum in Form von Angelhaken, Netzschwimmern, -senkern, Netzflickern, Fischskeletten, Muschel- und Austernschalen, Krebstiere dagegen sind extrem selten. Bei archäologischen Untersuchungen des Landesamtes für Kultur und Denkmalpflege Mecklenburg-Vorpommern wurde 2012 in der Greifswalder Altstadt ein aus Eichenholz gezimmerter 2,20 m x 2,30 m großer Brunnen entdeckt. Seine Sohle lag bei 0,70 m unter HN und reichte damit in den Grundwasserspiegel. Er wurde 1261 (oder kurz danach) angelegt (dendrochronologische Untersuchung Dr. K.-U. Heußner, Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Berlin) und nur kurz als Brunnen genutzt. Bereits um 1280 ist er aufgegeben und mit Lehm, Sand und Mist verfüllt worden. Aus der Verfüllung stammt der bemerkenswerte Fund einer Hummerschere, genauer des Propodus der Chela. Morphologisch lässt sich diese Schere mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit dem Europäischen Hummer (Homarus gammarus) zuordnen (Abb. 4), wobei eine Zugehörigkeit zum Amerikanischen Hummer (Homarus americanus) nicht ausgeschlossen werden kann, da es sich hier nur um ein Bruchstück handelt. Eine Identifizierung der Art und Population ist in erster Linie nur molekulargenetisch möglich (Triantafyllidis et al. 2005. Mar. Biol. 146:223-235). Das ca. 7 cm lange Fundstück hat eine rote Farbe wie sie sowohl bei gekochten Hummern aber auch bei Exuvien und gealterten Panzern von toten Tieren auftritt. Zur Zeit der Hanse wurden Güter im Ostseeraum überwiegend auf dem Seewege transportiert. Zieht man das heutige Verbreitungsgebiet des Europäischen Hummers in Betracht, kommen als Greifswald am nächsten gelegene Fanggebiete Skagerak, Kattegat und die schwedische Westküste bis an den Norden des Öresundes heran in Betracht (Dybern B. I. 1973. Helgoländer. Wiss. Meeresunters. 24:401-414). Sollte der Fang dann tatsächlich in Greifswald als Delikatesse angeboten worden sein, muss man für den Transportweg der lebenden Tiere auf dem Schiff mindestens 300 km veranschlagen. Die Hummerüberreste könnten nach dem Konsum des Tieres einfach in dem Brunnen „entsorgt“ worden sein. Bereits 1280 (Kattinger D. 2000, Greifswald Geschichte der Stadt. 39) besaß die Hansestadt Greifswald Heringsvitten (also Heringsanlade- und handelsplätze) auf Skanör und Falsterbo. Der Transport lebender Hummer von den Vitten nach Greifswald war wesentlich aufwendiger und damit auch kostspieliger als der von Heringen, die mit Salz konserviert und in Tonnen per Schiff verhandelt wurden. In dem wohl bekanntesten römischen Kochbuch, im Kochbuch des Apicius, werden Gerichte mit Meereskrebsen wie Taschenkrebsen, anderen Krabben, Meeresspinnen, Garnelen, und Langusten aufgeführt. In mittelalterlichen Kochbüchern hingegen werden meist nur unspezifisch „Krebse“ erwähnt, vermutlich als Oberbegriff für Krustentiere, die nicht weiter differenziert wurden. In den Tacuinum Sanitatis Handschriften finden sich mehrfach Abbildungen zum Verzehr von Krustentieren, bei denen meist ein Diener anwesend ist - ein Hinweis auf die gehobene Stellung der Genießer. Dass Krustentiere selten bei Ausgrabungen gefunden werden, mag auch der Verwendung des Panzers geschuldet sein, zu dem es in den Handschriften heißt: "...wenn man aus ihnen und ihren Schalen Asche macht und sie ißt, oder mit Enzian gemischt trinkt, so ist das gut gegen den Biß eines tollwütigen Hundes..." (Laurioux B. 1999, Tafelfreuden im Mittelalter, 79).
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: Current understanding of species capacities to respond to climate change is limited by the amount of information available about intraspecific variation in the responses. Therefore, we quantified between- and within- population variation in larval performance (survival, development, and growth to metamorphosis) of the shore crab Carcinus maenas in response to key environmental drivers (temperature, salinity) in 2 populations from regions with contrasting salinities (32-33 PSU: Helgoland, North Sea; 16-20 PSU: Kerteminde, Baltic Sea). We also accounted for the effect(s) of salinity experienced during embryogenesis, which differs between populations. We found contrasting patterns between populations and embryonic salinity conditions. In the Helgoland population, we observed a strong thermal mitigation of low salinity stress (TMLS) for all performance indicators, when embryos were kept in seawater. The negative effects of low salinity on survival were mitigated at increased temperatures; only at high temperatures were larvae exposed to low salinity able to sustain high growth rates and reduced developmental time, thereby metamorphosing with comparable levels of carbon and nitrogen to those reared in seawater. By contrast, larvae from the Kerteminde population showed a detrimental effect of low salinity, consistent with a maladaptive response and a weak TMLS. Low salinity experienced during embryogenesis pre-empted the development of TMLS in both populations, and reduced survival for the Kerteminde population, which is exposed to low salinity. Our study emphasises the importance of evaluating species responses to variation in temperature and salinity across populations; the existence of maladaptive responses and the importance of the maternal habitat should not be underestimated.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: Cells and tissues form the bewildering diversity of crustacean larval organ systems which are necessary for these organisms to autonomously survive in the plankton. For the developmental biologist, decapod crustaceans provide the fascinating opportunity to analyse how the adult organism unfolds from organ Anlagen compressed into a miniature larva in the sub-millimetre range. This publication is the second part of our survey of methods to study organogenesis in decapod crustacean larvae. In a companion paper, we have already described the techniques for culturing larvae in the laboratory and dissecting and chemically fixing their tissues for histological analyses. Here, we review various classical and more modern imaging techniques suitable for analyses of eidonomy, anatomy, and morphogenetic changes within decapod larval development, and protocols including many tips and tricks for successful research are provided. The methods cover reflected-light-based methods, autofluorescence-based imaging, scanning electron microscopy, usage of specific fluorescence markers, classical histology (paraffin, semithin and ultrathin sectioning combined with light and electron microscopy), X-ray microscopy (µCT), immunohistochemistry and usage of in vivo markers. For each method, we report our personal experience and give estimations of the method’s research possibilities, the effort needed, costs and provide an outlook for future directions of research.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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