Note: Intro -- Electricity Markets -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- 1 The Basics -- 1.1 How electricity works -- 1.2 Early development of the Electricity Supply Industry (ESI) -- 1.3 The lifecycle of electric power -- 1.4 Development, structure, coordination, legislation of the ESI -- 1.5 New ownership structure -- 1.6 Selected country examples -- 1.6.1 Europe -- 1.6.2 Development in the Americas -- 1.6.3 Australasia -- 1.6.4 Asia -- 1.6.5 Africa and the Middle East -- 2 Structure, Operation and Management of the Electricity Supply Chain -- 2.1 Energy sources -- 2.1.1 Fossil fuel -- 2.1.2 Nuclear -- 2.1.3 Renewable combustible matter -- 2.1.4 'Hot' natural energy -- 2.1.5 'Cold' natural energy -- 2.1.6 Hydrogen -- 2.1.7 Stored -- 2.1.8 Consumables -- 2.1.9 Integration of energy sourcing and power generation -- 2.2 Power generation -- 2.2.1 Turbine generation -- 2.2.2 Open cycle -- 2.2.3 Conventional thermal generation -- 2.2.4 Combined cycle -- 2.2.5 Combined heat and power (CHP) -- 2.2.6 Turbines driven by water -- 2.2.7 Wind -- 2.2.8 Non turbine generation -- 2.2.9 Distributed power generation -- 2.2.10 The production of environmental and amenity impact factors -- 2.2.11 Abating the production of environmental impact factors -- 2.2.12 Constructing the emission abatement stacks -- 2.2.13 Stock management -- 2.2.14 Flexibility -- 2.2.15 Reliability and availability -- 2.2.16 Reactive power -- 2.2.17 Three phase -- 2.2.18 Efficiency -- 2.2.19 Cost -- 2.2.20 Generation mix -- 2.2.21 Requirements for ancillary services -- 2.2.22 Plant dynamics -- 2.2.23 The relative value of the different forms of plant service -- 2.2.24 Generator hedging -- 2.3 High voltage transmission, network operation, system operation -- 2.3.1 Electrical networks -- 2.3.2 Functions associated with network operation. , 2.3.3 Coordinated planning of generation and transmission build -- 2.3.4 Signals to build -- 2.3.5 Interconnection -- 2.3.6 Charging mechanisms available to the grid and system operators -- 2.4 Distribution -- 2.4.1 The roles of the distribution network operator -- 2.4.2 Entry connection cost -- 2.5 Metering -- 2.5.1 Metering and the consumer experience -- 2.5.2 The metering lifecycle -- 2.5.3 Meter types -- 2.6 Supply -- 2.6.1 Billing -- 2.6.2 Consumer segmentation -- 2.6.3 Regulatory requirements -- 2.6.4 Consumer agreements -- 2.6.5 Supplier profit and loss profile in relation to wholesale price -- 2.6.6 Retail pricing -- 2.6.7 Hedging -- 2.6.8 Supplier risk and supplier charges -- 2.6.9 Swing in industrial and commercial contracts -- 2.6.10 Demand side management -- 3 Policy - Issues, Priorities, Stakeholders, Influencers -- 3.1 Agendas and policy formation -- 3.2 Policy issues and drivers -- 3.3 Policy outcomes and instruments -- 3.4 Energy policies -- 3.4.1 Policy trends -- 3.4.2 Formation of policy -- 3.5 Framework -- 3.6 Domestic institutional players -- 3.7 The role and influence of international players -- 4 Liberalisation, Deregulation and Regulation -- 4.1 The liberalisation paradigm -- 4.2 Steps -- 4.2.1 Unbundling (and de-integration) -- 4.2.2 Corporatisation -- 4.2.3 Ring fence some activities under state control -- 4.2.4 Forced divestment and fragmentation of the incumbents -- 4.2.5 Privatisation -- 4.2.6 Deregulation -- 4.2.7 Reregulation -- 4.2.8 Further fragmentation -- 4.2.9 Cross industry horizontal integration -- 4.2.10 Re-consolidation -- 4.2.11 Entry of financial institutions -- 4.2.12 Pressure on retail deregulation -- 4.2.13 Further deregulation of networks and metering -- 4.2.14 Revise model -- 4.3 Conditions for reform -- 4.4 The role of the state -- 4.4.1 The national macroeconomy. , 4.4.2 Mechanisms of government influence -- 4.5 Measures of liberalisation and deregulation -- 4.6 Regulation -- 4.6.1 Quid pro quo model for regulatory change -- 4.6.2 Prescriptive model for regulation -- 4.6.3 Regulatory engagement -- 4.6.4 Economic regulation -- 4.7 Regulators -- 4.7.1 Regulatory indicators -- 4.7.2 Market monitoring by the regulator -- 4.7.3 Price regulation -- 4.7.4 Rate of return regulation -- 4.8 Industry key performance indicators -- 5 Market Structures for Electricity -- 5.1 The basics of plant dispatch -- 5.1.1 Acquiring the information on demand -- 5.1.2 Management of variation in demand in the centrally managed system -- 5.1.3 Acquiring the basic information on generation capability -- 5.1.4 Construction of the first trial schedule -- 5.1.5 Schedule feasibility and adjustment -- 5.1.6 Ancillary services -- 5.1.7 Profiles within commitment periods -- 5.1.8 Generator failure -- 5.2 The centrally managed model -- 5.2.1 Information and behaviour in centrally managed systems -- 5.2.2 Introduction of Independent Power Producers (IPP's) -- 5.2.3 Consumers in the centrally managed system -- 5.3 The single buyer -- 5.4 The pool model -- 5.4.1 The trial schedule in the pool -- 5.4.2 Subsequent trial schedules and final initial schedule -- 5.4.3 Demand -- 5.4.4 Power capacity -- 5.4.5 Penalty for failure -- 5.4.6 Pool index -- 5.4.7 Contracts for difference -- 5.4.8 Supplier price -- 5.4.9 Fixed cost recovery in the pool -- 5.4.10 Price caps in static schedule -- 5.4.11 Market power in the pool -- 5.4.12 Information and communication in the pool -- 5.4.13 Renewable and other generation with special treatment -- 5.4.14 Offering and contracting strategy for generation plant in the pool -- 5.4.15 Interpool relationships -- 5.5 The bilateral model -- 5.5.1 Contracting in the bilateral system. , 5.5.2 Physical notification in the bilateral system -- 5.5.3 The market operator in the bilateral market -- 5.5.4 Operational strategy for contracted plant in the bilateral market -- 5.5.5 Hybrid pool/bilateral markets -- 5.6 Imbalance and balancing -- 5.6.1 Market structure for balancing and imbalance -- 5.6.2 Imbalance charging -- 5.6.3 Provision of balancing -- 5.6.4 Transmission effects in balancing -- 5.6.5 Profile effects within the balancing period -- 5.6.6 Transaction strategy -- 5.6.7 Transaction cost minimisation -- 5.6.8 Imbalance revenue distribution -- 5.6.9 Auction choices -- 5.6.10 Issues with balancing mechanisms -- 5.7 Reserve contracts -- 5.8 Wholesale markets -- 5.9 Power exchanges -- 5.9.1 The journey to power exchanges -- 5.9.2 Specifics of power exchanges -- 5.10 Advanced pool markets -- 6 Power Capacity -- 6.1 The definition of capacity -- 6.2 Requirements for Capacity -- 6.2.1 Generator failure -- 6.2.2 Demand variation -- 6.2.3 Network failure -- 6.3 The basic economics of provision of capacity and reserve by generators -- 6.3.1 Representation of generation capacity on the power stack -- 6.3.2 Provision of capacity by a unit -- 6.4 Modelling the capability of generation capacity -- 6.4.1 Capacity effect of take or pay fuel supply contracts -- 6.4.2 Capacity effect of annual emission limits -- 6.4.3 Capacity effect of port and other infrastructure contracts -- 6.4.4 Capacity effect of coal stocking -- 6.4.5 Capacity effect of plant life usage optimisation -- 6.4.6 The role of outage management in capacity -- 6.4.7 Generation above normal maximum capacity -- 6.4.8 Long term capacity -- 6.4.9 Hydro -- 6.4.10 Pumped storage -- 6.5 Modelling capacity capability from the consumer side -- 6.5.1 Modelling value of lost load as a capacity capability -- 6.6 Commercial mechanisms - the generator perspective. , 6.6.1 Day ahead capacity payments in pool markets -- 6.6.2 Fixed cost subsidy, marginal cost energy provision -- 6.6.3 Traded options and capacity contracts -- 6.6.4 Self insurance for generator shortfall -- 6.6.5 Mutual insurance -- 6.6.6 Value from rare but highly priced energy contracts -- 6.6.7 Reserve contracts -- 6.7 Capacity provision - the supplier's perspective -- 6.7.1 Requirements to secure capacity by load serving entities -- 6.8 Capacity provision - the network operator's perspective -- 6.9 The system operator's perspective -- 6.9.1 Cost to consumers -- 6.9.2 Placing capacity obligation with the system operator -- 6.9.3 Placing the capacity obligation with the regulator or ministry -- 6.10 Capacity facilitation - contractual instruments -- 6.10.1 Generator cover -- 6.10.2 Insurance and reinsurance -- 6.10.3 Traded options -- 6.11 Use of options to convey probability information -- 6.12 Effect of price caps on capacity and prices -- 7 Location -- 7.1 Infrastructure costs to be recovered -- 7.1.1 Build and maintain -- 7.1.2 Losses -- 7.1.3 Reactive power -- 7.1.4 Redundancy and security -- 7.1.5 Cost of constraint -- 7.1.6 Commercial losses -- 7.1.7 Wheeling and interconnection -- 7.2 Counterparties for payment and receipt -- 7.3 Basic charging elements for location related charging -- 7.3.1 Connection charges -- 7.3.2 Use of system charges -- 7.3.3 Calculation of capacity cost in relation to system capacity need -- 7.3.4 Losses -- 7.3.5 Locational element of balancing -- 7.3.6 Locational element of reserve and security -- 7.3.7 Regional structure for cross subsidy -- 7.3.8 Constraints -- 7.3.9 Reactive power -- 7.4 Models for designation of electrical location -- 7.4.1 Postage stamp -- 7.4.2 Zonal -- 7.4.3 Postage stamp with market splitting -- 7.4.4 Nodal -- 7.4.5 Implicit locational differentials -- 7.4.6 Control area. , 7.4.7 Position in voltage hierarchy.

Note: Advanced Information Processing -- Adaptive Modelling, Estimation and Fusion from Data -- Copyright -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- 1. An introduction to modelling and learning algorithms -- 2. Basic concepts of data-based modelling -- 3. Learning laws for linear-in-the-pararneters networks -- 4. Fuzzy and neurofuzzy modelling -- 5. Parsimonious neurofuzzy modelling -- 6. Local neurofuzzy modelling -- 7. Delaunay input space partitioning modelling -- 8. Neurofuzzy linearisation modelling for nonlinear state estimation -- 9. Multisensor data fusion using Kalman filters based on neurofuzzy linearisation -- 10. Support vector neurofuzzy models -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Political Economic Framework -- 2.1 Core Axes for the Political Economy of Electricity -- 2.2 The Utilitarian, Contractarian, and Libertarian Approaches -- 2.3 Relevance of the Left/Right Political Axis -- 2.4 The Raising of Taxation and Disbursement and Distribution of Benefits -- 2.5 Individual Choice -- 2.6 Approaches to Income Poverty, Other Poverties, and Inequality -- 3 Economic and Market Framework -- 3.1 The Economy -- 3.2 Externalities -- 3.3 Public Goods -- 3.4 Markets -- 3.5 Market Dynamics -- 3.6 Risk and Uncertainty -- 4 Core Welfare Modeling Factors -- 4.1 Utility -- 4.2 Valuing Life and Well-Being -- 4.3 Demand -- 4.4 Shocks -- 4.5 Substitutes, Complements, and Elasticity -- 4.6 Trade and Exchange -- 4.7 Surplus -- 4.8 Inequality -- 4.9 Welfare -- 5 Current Topics in Electricity -- 5.1 Physical Characterization of Electricity -- 5.2 Measurement of Probability in Electricity -- 5.3 The Primary Importance of Data in the Electricity System -- 5.4 Footprints of Consumed Electricity -- 5.5 Health, Morbidity, Mortality, Amenity, and Fuel Poverty -- 5.6 Methods of Redistribution of Wealth in Electricity -- 5.7 The Future of Universal Service -- 5.8 Consumer Behavior -- 5.9 Tariffs, Socialization, Cross Subsidy, Consumer Protection, and Cost Reflectivity -- 5.10 Contracts, Rules, and Rights in Energy -- 5.11 Taxes and Incentives in Infrastructure Build -- 6 Conclusion -- 6.1 The Felicific Calculus -- 6.2 Utility Functions -- 6.3 Welfare and Inequality Functions -- 6.4 Probability and Uncertainty -- 6.5 Sanctity of Contract -- 6.6 Fuel Poverty -- 6.7 Data -- 6.8 Consumer Segmentation -- 6.9 Behavior -- 6.10 Discounting the Future -- 6.11 Electricity as a Public Good -- 7 Technical Appendices -- 7.1 Shocks. , 7.2 Utility, Demand Functions, and Shocks -- 7.3 Welfare -- 7.4 Segmentation and Proxies -- Notes -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.