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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Health & social care in the community 9 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2524
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This paper considers the significant unmet psychosocial needs of the informal carers of cancer patients, drawing on data generated in a 3-year UK study (1997–2000) on the psychosocial needs of cancer patients and their main carers. While the needs of the carers of cancer patients are increasingly being recognised in healthcare policy documents, there is relatively little published literature on these needs. A ‘significant unmet need’ is defined here as a need deemed important by the carer, but which has not been met. A descriptive cross-sectional survey of carers was conducted and the responses of 195 carers relating to 48 psychosocial need items were analysed. A subset of these carers (n = 32) were interviewed. Forty-three per cent of carers had significant unmet needs. They were more likely to be those where the relationship to the patient was not that of a partner or spouse, more likely to have other caring responsibilities, and less likely to have friends or relations to call upon for help. Carers with unmet needs were also more likely to be in poor health themselves or to be caring for a patient who had reached the palliation-only phase in their cancer journey. The majority of carers expressed the importance of needs such as having good relationships with healthcare professionals and receiving honest information, but few expressed dissatisfaction with these aspects of need. Items of significant unmet need clustered around aspects of managing daily life, emotions, and also social identity for a sizeable minority of carers. These are the same areas of significant unmet need that concern patients. However, carers have more of these concerns, reflecting their comparative neglect. The paper also considers how these widespread concerns can be addressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 37 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Long-term monitoring of two well-characterized, oxidizing septic system plumes (Langton and Long Point 2 sites) over periods extending two to four years after decommissioning, has revealed that ground water PO 43− concentrations (0.4 to 5 mg/L P) have persisted at levels virtually unchanged from those observed during active sewage loading. In addition, the frontal part of the PO43− plume at the Long Point 2 site can be observed to continue to advance during the decommissioned period. At the Langton site, where an active regional ground water flow system is present, all major plume solutes (Na+, Ca2+, Cl−, NO 3−) returned to background values within one year of decommissioning, with the exception of PO43−.This evidence suggests that phosphate behavior in the ground water zone at these sites is dominated by sorption reactions that are both rapid and reversible. Thus, if septic system phosphorus is not retained in the vadose zone, but is transported into the ground water zone, it has the potential to be persistent and to be mobile enough to constitute a threat to downgradient surface water environments. This evidence also shows that when a septic system is decommissioned, if an oxidizing PO43− plume is present, downgradient P loading is not likely to diminish for many years thereafter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 34 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Four hundred ground-water sampling points were used to delineate a plume in an unconfined sand aquifer at a 44 year old septic system servicing a school in Ontario, Canada. A bromide tracer test indicated a residence time of one to two weeks for sewage effluent in the 1.6 meter unsaturated zone beneath the tile bed. This is sufficient time for the oxidation of all nitrogen to nitrate to be complete and for the content of dissolved organic carbon to decrease from about 19 mg/l in the septic tank to about 1 mg/l at the water table. The 15m wide plume core emanates more than 110 meters downgradient of the tile bed, has detectable dissolved oxygen, high nitrate (20–120 mg/l as N), chloride (42–209 mg/l), sodium (34–101 mg/l), calcium (120–249 mg/l), and above background sulphate, and potassium. Ground-water flow velocity at this site is rapid (100 m/yr); thus the mapped extent of the plume (110 m) represents about one year effluent loading. Phosphate (PO43-) concentrations at the water table (∼ 1–2 mg/l as P) appear to have reached steady state at values significantly lower than that of the effluent (9 mg/l as P). Steady-state concentrations suggest that mineral precipitation reactions control attenuation in the unsaturated zone. A comparison of phosphate sorbed (74 mg/kg) and total P in the soil (1000 mg/kg) suggests that precipitation is a more important process in the unsaturated zone than is sorption. PO43- levels in the plume, however, remain elevated (0.3–1.8 mg/l as P) relative to background levels in ground water (〈0.01 mg/l as P) up to 75 meters away from the tile bed. This migration distance of PO43- in ground water is greater than that observed at other younger septic system sites. The extent of the plume at this site suggests that long-term PO43- migration in the ground-water zone may be controlled by adsorption processes that allow slow but progressive advancement of PO43-.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 10 (1971), S. 1538-1540 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 27 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The pollution production rate as measured by the increase in the amounts of ammonia, phosphate, nitrate, urea, and faeces in an intensive fish farm is described and is related to the amount of food fed per day or the biomass weight. Pollution production varied with fish size. Main pollutants produced per kg food fed per day were ammonia 31–37 g; phosphate 5.2–5.9 g; nitrate 9–15 g and suspended solids 40–9O g. Expressed as g kg−1 fish produced per day ammonia ranged from 0.3–0.8 g; phosphate 0.067–0.17 g; nitrate 0.13–0.21 g and suspended solids 0.80–0.94 g. These rates differ from those reported in previous studies and these differences may be attributed to the design of the Shearwater farming system which involves self cleaning, intensively stocked tanks, a system which ultimately gives a more accurate assessment of pollution rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Gastric cancer ; Adjuvant chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: To evaluate FAM [5-FU (5-fluorouracil), doxorubicin, mitomycin C] chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy for patients with resected TNM stage I, II, or III gastric carcinoma. Patients and Methods: One hundred ninety-three eligible patients were accrued from 1978 to 1991 in a phase III trial comparing six cycles (1 year) of postoperative FAM chemotherapy with observation only. Results: The median follow-up on this study was 9.5 years. For all patients, no differences (log-rank analysis) in disease-free survival (p=0.45) and overall survival (p=0.57) between FAM therapy (93 cases) and surgery (100 cases) were observed. Quality of surgical resection affected survival irrespective of FAM use. Cases with curative resection, defined in a retrospective review of pathology and surgical reports as cases having no evidence of residual disease in the abdomen and tumor-free margins 〉1 cm, had superior survival compared to cases not meeting these requirements (p〈0.001). FAM was well tolerated with 6% (five of 90) of cases demonstrating grade IV hematologic toxicity. There were two drug-related fatalities (one cardiomyopathy, one hematolytic uremic syndrome). Conclusion: FAM is not effective adjuvant therapy for TNM stage I, II, and III patients with resected gastric cancer. Future adjuvant studies must emphasize prospective surgical quality control to assure enrollment of appropriately staged and resected cases and wide participation to assure adequate case accrual over a reasonable period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 61 (1991), S. 301-301 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 62 (1992), S. 301-301 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Pelargonium xhortorum ; host-plant resistance ; geraniums ; anacardic acids ; bioassay ; regeneration ; Tetranychus urticae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The zonal geranium (Pelargonium xhortorum) possesses tall glandular trichomes that secrete anacardic acids, a viscous, sticky exudate which has been suggested as the primary mechanism in two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) resistance. A new bioassay was developed using small Plexiglas® cylinders as chambers for evaluating the resistance of geranium leaves to the two-spotted spider mite. This bioassay was easy to prepare, required only 24 hours to conduct, exhibited no problems with desiccation, condensation, or mite accountability, and yielded reproducible results. This bioassay was then used to study the regeneration of resistance of attached geranium leaves after they were made mite-susceptible by removing the excreted anacardic acids with water. Washed leaves regained full resistance after 14 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 60 (1991), S. 61-69 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Pelargonium xhortorum ; pest resistance ; glandular trichomes ; trichomes ; secondary compounds ; host plant resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract One inbred geranium line (71-18-6) which exhibits host plant resistance to the twospotted spider mite and foxglove aphid, becomes susceptible to these pests under some temperature conditions, while another resistant line (71-17-7) maintains its resistance. Resistance to these pests is conferred by the presence of glandular trichomes and the exudate they produce. The tall glandular trichome exudate of resistant geraniums has been identified as chiefly C22 and C24 unsaturated anacardic acids. Plants of a resistant line, a susceptible line and the temperature sensitive resistant line were exposed to three different temperature regimes and were analyzed chemically and for resistance using a foxglove aphid bioassay. Results indicate that the loss of resistance in the temperature sensitie line is not due to reduced production of the anacardic acids which comprise the exudate. Similarly, analysis of the exudate present on the leaf exterior indicate the loss of resistance in line 18-6 with increasing temperature is not the result of reduced translocation of the exudate to the trichome tip. Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that loss of resistance in line 18–6 with increasing temperature is the result of an increased proportion of the shorter chain (C22) anacardic acid in the trichome exudate, which reduces the viscosity of the material and causes it to flow from the trichome tips as the temperature increases. Presentation of the material as an exudate droplet at the trichome tip is apparently required for resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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