Note: Front Cover -- Sphingolipid Metabolism and Cell Signaling -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors to Volume 311 -- Preface -- Volumes in Series -- Section I: Sphingolipid Metabolism -- A. Biosynthesis -- Chapter 1. Serine Palmitoyltransferase -- Chapter 2. Assay of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dihydrosphingosine C-4 Hydroxylase -- Chapter 3. Ceramide Synthase -- Chapter 4. Dihydroceramide Desaturase -- Chapter 5. Assays for the Biosynthesis of Sphingomyelin and Ceramide- Phosphoethanolamine -- Chapter 6. Glucosylceramide Synthase: Assay and Properties -- Chapter 7. Methods for Studying Glucosylceramide Synthase -- Chapter 8. Analysis of Galactolipids and UDP-Galactose: Ceramide Galactosyltransferase -- Chapter 9. Assay of Lactosylceramide Synthase and Comments on Its Potential Role in Signal Transduction -- Chapter 10. In Vitro Assays for Enzymes of Ganglioside Synthesis -- Chapter 11. Analyses of Sulfatide and Enzymes of Sulfatide Metabolism -- Chapter 12. 1-O-Acylceramide Synthase -- Chapter 13. N-Acetylation of Sphingosine by Platelet-Activating Factor: Sphingosine Transacetylase -- Chapter 14. Inositolphosphoryl Ceramide Synthase from Yeast -- Chapter 15. Enzymes of Sphingolipid Metabolism in Plants -- B. Turnover -- Chapter 16. Purification and Characterization of Recombinant Human Acid Sphingomyelinase Expressed in Insect Sf 21 Cells -- Chapter 17. Purification of Rat Brain Membrane Neutral Sphingomyelinase -- Chapter 18. Sphingomyelinase Assay Using Radiolabeled Substrate -- Chapter 19. Robotic Assay of Sphingomyelinase for High Throughput Screening -- Chapter 20. A High Throughput Sphingomyelinase Assay -- Chapter 21. Analyses of Sphingomyelin Hydrolysis in Caveolar Membranes -- Chapter 22. Ceramidases -- Chapter 23. Purification of Acid Ceramidase from Human Placenta -- Chapter 24. Ceramide Kinase. , Chapter 25. Assaying Sphingosine Kinase Activity -- Chapter 26. Yeast Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Phosphatases: Assay, Expression, Deletion, Purification, and Cellular Localization by GFP Tagging -- Chapter 27. Analysis of Ceramide 1-Phosphate and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Phosphatase Activities -- Chapter 28. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Lyase -- Chapter 29. Sphingolipid Hydrolases and Activator Proteins -- Chapter 30. Sphingolipid Hydrolyzing Enzymes in the Gastrointestinal Tract -- Chapter 31. Properties of Animal Ceramide Glycanases -- C. Genetic Approaches -- Chapter 32. Enzymatic N-Deacylation of Sphingolipids -- Chapter 33. Genetic Approaches for Studies of Glycolipid Synthetic Enzymes -- Chapter 34. Use of Yeast as a Model System for Studies of Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling -- Section II: Inhibitors of Sphingolipid Biosynthesis -- Chapter 35. Isolation and Characterization of Novel Inhibitors of Sphingolipid Biosynthesis: Australifungin, Viridiofungins, Rustmicin, and Khafrefungin -- Chapter 36. Fermentation, Partial Purification, and Use of Serine Palmitoyltransferase Inhibitors from Isaria (=Cordyceps) sinclairii -- Chapter 37. Isolation and Characterization of Fumonisins -- Chapter 38. Inhibitors of Glucosylceramide Synthase -- Section III: Chemical and Enzymatic Synthesis -- Chapter 39. Synthesis of Sphingosine and Sphingoid Bases -- Chapter 40. Synthesis of Sphingosine, Radiolabeled Sphingosine, 4-Methyl-cis-Sphingosine, and 1-Amino Derivatives of Sphingosine via Their Azido Derivatives -- Chapter 41. Total Synthesis of Sphingosine and Its Analogs -- Chapter 42. Radiolabeling of the Sphingolipid Backbone -- Chapter 43. Preparation of Radiolabeled Ceramides and Phosphosphingolipids -- Chapter 44. Synthesis of Key Precursors of Radiolabeled Sphingolipids. , Chapter 45. Practical Synthesis of N-Palmitoylsphingomyelin and N-Palmitoyldihydrosphingomyelin -- Chapter 46. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Glycolipids, with a Focus on Gangliosides and Sulfatide Analogs -- Chapter 47. Sphingolipid Photoaffinity Labels -- Chapter 48. Synthesis and Characterization of Metabolically Stable Sphingolipids -- Chapter 49. Synthetic Soluble Analogs of Glycolipids for Studies of Virus-Glycolipid Interactions -- Chapter 50. Preparation of Radioactive Gangliosides 3H or 14C Isotopically Labeled at the Oligosaccharide or Ceramide Moieties -- Chapter 51. Estimating Sphingolipid Metabolism and Trafficking in Cultured Cells Using Radiolabeled Compounds -- Chapter 52. Enzymatic Synthesis of [14C]Ceramide, [14C]Glycosphingolipids, and w-Aminoceramide -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Sphingolipid Metabolism and Cell Signaling -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors to Volume 312 -- Preface -- Volumes in Series -- Section I: Methods for Analyzing Sphingolipids -- Chapter 1. Analysis of Sphingoid Bases and Sphingoid Base 1-Phosphates by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography -- Chapter 2. Enzymatic Method for Measurement of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate -- Chapter 3. Ceramide Mass Analysis by Normal-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography -- Chapter 4. Quantitative Determination of Ceramide Using Diglyceride Kinase -- Chapter 5. Analysis of Sphingomyelin, Glucosylceramide, Ceramide, Sphingosine, and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate by Tandem Mass Spectrometry -- Chapter 6. Analyses of Glycosphingolipids by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography -- Chapter 7. Sphingolipid Extraction and Analysis by Thin-Layer Chromatography -- Chapter 8. Extraction and Analysis of Multiple Sphingolipids from a Single Sample -- Chapter 9. Purification of Sphingolipid Classes by Solid-Phase Extraction with Aminopropyl and Weak Cation Exchanger Cartridges -- Chapter 10. Ganglioside Analysis by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography -- Chapter 11. Purification and Analysis of Gangliosides -- Chapter 12. Thin-Layer Chromatography Blotting Using Polyvinylidene Difluoride Membrane (Far-Eastern Blotting) and Its Applications -- Chapter 13. Thin-Layer Chromatography Immunostaining -- Chapter 14. Monoclonal Anti-Glycosphingolipid Antibodies -- Chapter 15. Immunolocalization of Gangliosides by Light Microscopy Using Anti-Ganglioside Antibodies -- Chapter 16. Cloud-Point Extraction of Gangliosides Using Nonionic Detergent C14EO6 -- Chapter 17. Analyses of Glycosphingolipids Using Clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, Ceramide Glycanase. , Chapter 18. Quantitative Analyses of Binding Affinity and Specificity for Glycolipid Receptors by Surface Plasmon Resonance -- Chapter 19. Use of Circular Dichroism for Assigning Stereochemistry of Sphingosine and Other Long-Chain Bases -- Chapter 20. Infrared Determination of Conformational Order and Phase Behavior in Ceramides and Stratum Corneum Models -- Chapter 21. Use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Evaluation of Ganglioside Structure, Conformation, and Dynamics -- Chapter 22. Fluorescence Quenching Assay of Sphingolipid/ Phospholipid Phase Separation in Model Membranes -- Section II: Methods for Analyzing Aspects of Sphingolipid Metabolism in Intact Cells -- Chapter 23. Synthesis of Fluorescent Substrates and Their Application to Study of Sphingolipid Metabolism in Vitro and in Intact Cells -- Chapter 24. Selection of Mammalian Cell Mutants in Sphingolipid Biosynthesis -- Chapter 25. Selection of Yeast Mutants in Sphingolipid Metabolism -- Chapter 26. Fluorescence-Based Selection of Gene-Corrected Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Based on Acid Sphingomyelinase Expression -- Chapter 27. Mammalian Ganglioside Sialidases: Preparation and Activity Assays -- Section III: Sphingolipid-Protein Interactions and Cellular Targets -- Chapter 28. Effects of Sphingosine and Other Sphingolipids on Protein Kinase C -- Chapter 29. Kinetic Analysis of Sphingoid Base Inhibition of Yeast Phosphatidate Phosphatase -- Chapter 30. Assays of Sphingosine-Dependent Kinase for 14-3-3 Protein -- Chapter 31. Synthesis and Use of Caged Sphingolipids -- Chapter 32. Binding of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate to Cell Surface Receptors -- Chapter 33. Use of Short-Chain Ceramides -- Chapter 34. Analysis of Ceramide-Activated Protein Phosphatases. , Chapter 35. Use of Affinity Chromatography and TID-Ceramide Photoaffinity Labeling for Detection of Ceramide-Binding Proteins -- Chapter 36. Lectin-Mediated Cell Adhesion to Immobilized Glycosphingolipids -- Chapter 37. Analysis of Glycolipid-Dependent Cell Adhesion Based on Carbohydrate-Carbohydrate Interaction -- Chapter 38. Analysis of Interactions between Glycosphingolipids and Microbial Toxins -- Chapter 39. Oxidation of Aglycone of Glycosphingolipids: Serine and Ceramide Acid Precursors for Soluble Glycoconjugates -- Chapter 40. Separation of Glycosphingolipid-Enriched Microdomains from Caveolae Characterized by Presence of Caveolin -- Chapter 41. Reconstitution of Sphingolipid-Cholesterol Plasma Membrane Microdomains for Studies of Virus-Glycolipid Interactions -- Chapter 42. Analysis of Ceramides Present in Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchored Proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Chapter 43. Preparation of Functionalized Lipid Tubules for Electron Crystallography of Macromolecules -- Section IV: Sphingolipid Transport and Trafficking -- Chapter 44. Applications of BODIPY-Sphingolipid Analogs to Study Lipid Traffic and Metabolism in Cells -- Chapter 45. Using Biotinylated Gangliosides to Study Their Distribution and Traffic in Cells by Immunoelectron Microscopy -- Chapter 46. Assays for Transmembrane Movement of Sphingolipids -- Section V: Other Methods -- Chapter 47. Compilation of Methods Published in Previous Volumes of Methods in Enzymology -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Intro -- Dedication -- Preface -- Contents -- Basics of Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signalling -- 1 Introduction: Sphingolipids Are Bioactive Metabolites -- 2 How Are Sphingolipids Formed, Transformed and Degraded? -- 3 How Do Sphingolipids Signal and Mediate Biological Effects? -- 3.1 History of Signalling Sphingolipids: Where Are We One Generation Later? -- 3.2 Sphingosine 1-Phosphate: A Paradigmatic Signalling Molecule -- 3.3 How Are Other Sphingolipids Bioactive? -- 4 Current and Future Challenges -- References -- Part I: Roles and Functions of Sphingolipids in the Development of Different Types of Cancers -- Role of Sphingolipids in Hematological Malignancies: Lymphoproliferative Disorders -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Sphingolipids in Lymphoid Cell Functions -- 1.1.1 Apoptosis and the Mechanisms by Which Ceramide Induces Apoptosis -- 1.1.2 Rb -- 1.1.3 Ras and Raf-1 -- 1.1.4 Protein Kinase C -- 1.1.5 Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL -- 1.1.6 ROS -- 1.1.7 Caspase -- 1.1.8 p53 -- 1.1.9 Lipid Rafts -- 1.1.10 Autophagy -- 1.1.11 Regulated Necrosis/Necroptosis -- 1.1.12 Migration -- 1.1.13 Differentiation -- 1.1.14 Proliferation -- 1.1.15 Secretion -- 1.2 Mechanisms of Ceramide Generation -- 1.2.1 Acid Sphingomyelinase (ASMase) -- 1.2.2 Neutral Sphingomyelinase (NSMase) -- 1.2.3 De Novo Ceramide Synthesis -- 1.2.4 Sphingomyelin Synthase (SMS) -- 1.2.5 Glucosylceramide Synthase (GCS) -- 1.3 Sphingolipids Other than Ceramide in Lymphoid Cell Functions -- 1.3.1 Sphingosine (Sph) -- 1.3.2 Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P) -- 1.3.3 Sphingomyelin (SM) -- 1.3.4 GD3/GM3 -- 1.4 Clinical Aspects of Sphingolipids -- 1.4.1 Leukemia [Acute Lymphoid Leukemia (ALL) and Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia (CLL)] -- 1.4.2 Malignant Lymphoma -- 1.4.3 Multiple Myeloma -- 2 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Role of Sphingolipids in Hematological Malignancies: Myeloproliferative Disorders. , 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs) -- 1.1.1 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 Positive (CML) -- Role of Sphingolipids in CML -- 1.1.2 Sphingolipids and Other MPNs -- 1.2 Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) -- 1.3 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Other Related Neoplasms -- 1.3.1 Sphingolipids and Regulation of Differentiation of AML Cells and Other Cell Models of Related Neoplasms -- 1.3.2 Sphingolipids and Regulation of Apoptosis in AML Cells -- 2 Conclusions -- References -- Sphingolipids as Mediators of Breast Cancer Progression, Metastasis, Response and Resistance to Chemotherapy -- 1 Introduction to Breast Cancer -- 2 Molecular Genetic Portraits of Breast Cancer -- 3 Sphingolipids in Breast Cancer -- 4 Sphingolipids in Luminal Type Breast Cancers -- 4.1 Glucosylceramide Transferase -- 4.2 The Ceramide Synthases -- 4.3 The Sphingomyelinases -- 4.4 The Ceramidases -- 4.5 The Sphingosine Kinases -- 4.6 Ceramide Kinase -- 5 Sphingolipids in Basal Type Breast Cancer -- 6 Sphingolipids in Her2-Like Breast Cancer -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Role of Sphingolipids in Non-melanoma Skin Cancer -- 1 Cellular Origins of BCC and SCC -- 2 BCC and SCC Incidence -- 3 Causal Factors of BCC and SCC -- 4 Genetic Mutations in BCC and SCC -- 5 Epidermal Homeostasis -- 6 Extracellular Ceramides Are a Major Constituent of the Epidermal Permeability Barrier -- 7 NMSC Results from an Imbalance Between Keratinocyte Proliferation and Differentiation in the Epidermis -- 8 Intracellular Ceramides and Their Metabolites Regulate Epidermal Keratinocyte Proliferation and Differentiation -- 9 Role for Sphingolipid-Metabolizing Enzymes in Regulating Keratinocyte Proliferation and Differentiation -- 10 Roles of Bioactive Sphingolipids in Mediating UVR-­Induced Proliferation Inhibition and Apoptosis of Keratinocytes. , 11 Potential Roles of Sphingolipids in NMSC Therapy -- 12 Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Dysregulation of Sphingolipid Metabolism in Melanoma: Roles in Pigmentation, Cell Survival and Tumor Progression -- 1 Melanoma: A Dreadful Cancer -- 2 SL Metabolism Is Deregulated in Melanoma -- 3 Role of SLs in Melanogenesis -- 4 Role of SLs in Melanoma-Stroma Interactions -- 4.1 Effect of S1P on Angiogenesis -- 4.2 Role of S1P in Fibroblast Differentiation -- 5 Role of SLs on Melanoma Growth and Survival -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Colon Cancer: The Role of Sphingolipid Metabolic Enzymes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Modulation of Sphingomyelin and Ceramide: Sphingomyelinases -- 3 Modulation of Ceramide and Sphingosine: Ceramidases and Ceramide Synthases -- 3.1 Ceramidases (CDases) -- 3.2 Ceramide Synthases (CerS) -- 4 Modulation of Sphingosine and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate: Kinases, Lyase and Phosphatases, Sphingosine-1-­Phosphate Receptors -- 4.1 Sphingosine Kinases (SphKs) -- 4.2 Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Lyase and Phosphatases (SPL and SPPs) -- 4.3 Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors (S1PRs) -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Dietary Sphingolipids in Colon Cancer Prevention -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Colon Cancer -- 3 Sphingolipids in the Diet: Release of Bioactive Metabolites into the Intestinal Tract -- 4 Sphingolipids in the Diet: Impact on Colon Cancer -- 4.1 Sphingomyelin -- 4.2 Ceramides, Cerebrosides and Gangliosides -- 4.3 Free Sphingoid Bases -- 5 Cancers of Distant Organs as Targets for Dietary Sphingolipids -- 6 Mechanisms of Colon Cancer Suppression by Dietary Sphingolipids -- 6.1 Regulation of Proliferation and Apoptosis -- 6.2 APC-ß-Catenin Signaling Pathways as Targets for Colon Cancer Suppression -- 7 Microenvironment Intestinal Tract -- 7.1 Modulating the Inflammatory Intestinal Microenvironment. , 7.2 Inflammation-Driven Colon Cancer -- 8 Emerging Target: Intestinal Microbiota -- 9 Summary -- References -- Role of Sphingolipids in Liver Cancer -- 1 Chronic Liver Disease: A Driving Path to Liver Cancer Development -- 2 Pathways of Ceramide Generation and Metabolism -- 3 Role and Mechanisms of Sphingolipids in Cell Death -- 3.1 Mitochondrial Targeting -- 3.2 ER Stress, Autophagy and Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization -- 4 Sphingolipids in Liver Disease Preceding HCC -- 4.1 ASMase Promotes NASH and Liver Fibrosis -- 4.2 GD3 Acetylation Regulates Fibrosis -- 5 Role of Sphingolipids in HCC and Metastasis -- 5.1 Acid Ceramidase -- 5.2 Inhibition of CerS by Fumonisin B1 -- 5.3 Neutral and Acid Sphingomyelinases -- 5.4 Gangliosides -- 5.5 Nanoliposomal Ceramide -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Pancreatic Cancer and Sphingolipids -- 1 Pancreatic Cancer: Historical Perspective -- 2 Epidemiology in Brief -- 3 Treatment Options -- 4 Pancreas Anatomy and Function and Pancreatic Cancer Progression -- 5 Sphingolipid Biology and Chemistry -- 6 Anticancer Drugs and Sphingolipid Metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer -- 7 Ceramide and Targeting Ceramide Metabolism as Therapeutic Approach in Pancreatic Cancer -- 8 Nanoliposomal Ceramide as an Emerging Therapeutic in Pancreatic Cancer -- 9 Future Directions -- References -- Sphingolipids in the Pathogenesis of Head and Neck and Lung Cancers: Translational Aspects for Therapy and Biomarker Development -- 1 Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) and Lung Cancer Epidemiology -- 2 Sphingolipid Chemistry and Metabolism -- 3 Ceramides and Their Analogs in HNSCC and Lung Cancer Therapy -- 3.1 Role of Endogenous Ceramides in Mediating Cancer Therapy -- 3.2 Anti-Cancer Mechanism of Ceramides -- 3.3 Sphingolipid Analogs in Cancer Therapy -- 3.4 Role of Ceramide Metabolizing Enzyme Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy. , 3.5 Sphingosine-1-Phosphate and S1P Receptor Signaling -- 4 Sphingolipids as Biomarkers in HNSCC and Lung Cancer -- 5 Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- The Role and Function of Sphingolipids in Glioblastoma Multiforme -- 1 Overview of GBM and Sphingolipids -- 2 Sphingolipid Aberrations in GBM -- 3 Sphingolipid Molecules in the Hallmark Traits of GBM -- 4 Sphingolipids in GBM Proliferation -- 5 Sphingolipids and GBM Invasive Behavior -- 6 S1P in GBM Stemness -- 7 Sphingolipids in GBM Angiogenesis -- 8 Sphingolipids in GBM Cell Death -- 8.1 Ceramide in GBM Apoptosis -- 8.1.1 Ceramide in the Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway of GBM Cells -- 8.1.2 Ceramide in the Apoptotic Intrinsic Pathway of GBM Cells -- 8.2 Ceramide in Necrotic and Autophagic Death of GBM Cells -- 9 Sphingolipids in GBM Cell Survival and Death Resistance -- 10 Clinical Aspects -- 10.1 Sphingolipids and Sphingolipid-Related Enzymes as Possible Diagnostic/Prognostic Markers -- 10.2 GBM Therapy: The Potential Application of Sphingolipid Targeting Drugs in GBM -- 11 Conclusions -- References -- Part II: Emerging Technologies for Sphingolipid Detection and Prediction of Modulation of Sphingolipid Metabolism -- Systems Biology Approaches for Studying Sphingolipid Signaling -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Strategies of System Biology Study of Sphingolipid Signaling -- 3 Systematic Perturbations Creates Sufficient Conditions to Deconvolute Signaling Roles of Sphingolipids -- 4 Distinct Signaling Roles of Sphingolipids are Revealed by Identifying Specific Transcriptomic Responses -- 5 Functional Analyses Support the Notion That Distinct Sphingolipids Regulate Specific Signaling Pathways -- 6 Identify Novel Players of the Sphingolipid Pathway from the Ontology Fingerprint Derived Gene Networks -- 7 Discussion and Future Directions -- References. , Qualitative and Quantitative Measurements of Sphingolipids by Mass Spectrometry.