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  • 1
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    Experiment: Physiological responses of the calcifying rhodophyte, Corallina officinalis (L.), to future CO2 levels (2012)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Hofmann, Laurie C; Yildiz, Gamse; Hanelt, D; Bischof, Kai (2011): Physiological responses of the calcifying rhodophyte, Corallina officinalis (L.), to future CO2 levels. Marine Biology, 159(4), 783-792, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-011-1854-9
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Future atmospheric CO2 levels will most likely have complex consequences for marine organisms, particulary photosynthetic calcifying organisms. Corallina officinalis L. is an erect calcifying macroalga found in the inter- and subtidal regions of temperate rocky coastlines and provides important substrate and refugia for marine meiofauna. The main goal of the current study was to determine the physiological responses of C. officinalis to increased CO2 concentrations expected to occur within the next century and beyond. Our results show that growth and production of inorganic material decreased under high CO2 levels, while carbonic anhydrase activity was stimulated and negatively correlated to algal inorganic content. Photosynthetic efficiency based on oxygen evolution was also negatively affected by increased CO2. The results of this study indicate that C. officinalis may become less competitive under future CO2 levels, which could result in structural changes in future temperate intertidal communities.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Aragonite saturation state; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; BIOACID; Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification; Calcification/Dissolution; Calcified area; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbonic anhydrase, activity; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Corallina officinalis; Date; Electron transport rate; Fluorescence, maximum, without dark adaptation; Fluorescence, minimum, without dark adaptation; Fluorescence, yield at any given time; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gross oxygen evolution, per chlorophyll a; Group; Growth/Morphology; Growth rate; Incubation duration; Inorganic matter; Irradiance; Laboratory experiment; Macroalgae; Maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II; Net oxygen evolution, per chlorophyll a; Non photochemical quenching; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Organic matter; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard error; Photochemical quenching; Plantae; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Replicate; Rhodophyta; Salinity; Single species; Species; Temperate; Temperature, water; Time of day; Treatment; Yield
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 13244 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    The genus Laminaria sensu lato: recent insights and developments (2008)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  European Journal of Phycology, 43 (1). pp. 1-86.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: This review about the genus Laminaria sensu lato summarizes the extensive literature that has been published since the overview of the genus given by Kain in 1979. The recent proposal to divide the genus into the two genera Laminaria and Saccharina is acknowledged, but the published data are discussed under a 'sensu lato' concept, introduced here. This includes all species which have been considered to be 'Laminaria' before the division of the genus. In detail, after an introduction the review covers recent insights into phylogeny and taxonomy, and discusses morphotypes, ecotypes, population genetics and demography. It describes growth and photosynthetic performance of sporophytes with special paragraphs on the regulation of sporogenesis, regulation by endogenous rhythms, nutrient metabolism, storage products, and salinity tolerance. The biology of microstages is discussed separately. The ecology of these kelps is described with a focus on stress defence against abiotic and biotic factors and the role of Laminaria as habitat, its trophic interactions and its competition is discussed. Finally, recent developments in aquaculture are summarized. In conclusion to each section, as a perspective and guide to future research, we draw attention to the remaining gaps in the knowledge about the genus and kelps in general.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1080/09670260701711376
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Metagenome Survey of a Multispecies and Alga-Associated Biofilm Revealed Key Elements of Bacterial-Algal Interactions in Photobioreactors [Biotechnology] (2013)
    The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
    Description: Photobioreactors (PBRs) are very attractive for sunlight-driven production of biofuels and capturing of anthropogenic CO 2 . One major problem associated with PBRs however, is that the bacteria usually associated with microalgae in nonaxenic cultures can lead to biofouling and thereby affect algal productivity. Here, we report on a phylogenetic, metagenome, and functional analysis of a mixed-species bacterial biofilm associated with the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus in a PBR. The biofilm diversity and population dynamics were examined through 16S rRNA phylogeny. Overall, the diversity was rather limited, with approximately 30 bacterial species associated with the algae. The majority of the observed microorganisms were affiliated with Alphaproteobacteria , Betaproteobacteria , and Bacteroidetes . A combined approach of sequencing via GS FLX Titanium from Roche and HiSeq 2000 from Illumina resulted in the overall production of 350 Mbp of sequenced DNA, 165 Mbp of which was assembled in larger contigs with a maximum size of 0.2 Mbp. A KEGG pathway analysis suggested high metabolic diversity with respect to the use of polymers and aromatic and nonaromatic compounds. Genes associated with the biosynthesis of essential B vitamins were highly redundant and functional. Moreover, a relatively high number of predicted and functional lipase and esterase genes indicated that the alga-associated bacteria are possibly a major sink for lipids and fatty acids produced by the microalgae. This is the first metagenome study of microalga- and PBR-associated biofilm bacteria, and it gives new clues for improved biofuel production in PBRs.
    Print ISSN: 0099-2240
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-5336
    Topics: Biology
    Published by The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivity of Laminariales zoospores from Helgoland (North Sea) to ultraviolet and photosynthetically active radiation: implications for depth distribution and seasonal reproduction (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Depth distribution of kelp species in Helgoland (North Sea) is characterized by occurrence of Laminaria digitata in the upper sublittoral, whereas L. saccharina and L. hyperborea dominate the mid and lower sublittoral region. Laminaria digitata is fertile in summer whereas both other species are fertile in autumn/winter. To determine the light sensitivity of the propagules, zoospores of L. digitata, L. saccharina and L. hyperborea were exposed in the laboratory to different exposure times of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; 400–700 nm), PAR + UVA radiation (UVAR; 320–400 nm) and PAR + UVAR + UVB radiation (UVBR; 280–320 nm). Optimum quantum yield of PSII and DNA damage were measured after exposure. Subsequently, recovery of photosynthetic efficiency and DNA damage repair, as well as germination rate were measured after 2 and 3 d cultivation in dim white light. Photosynthetic efficiency of all species was photoinhibited already at 20 µmol photons m−2 s−1 PAR, whereas UV radiation (UVR) had a significant additional effect on photoinhibition. Recovery of the PSII function was observed in all species but not in spores exposed to irradiation longer than 4 h of PAR + UVA + UVB and 8 h of PAR + UVA. The amount of UVB-induced DNA damage measured as cyclobutane–pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) increased with exposure time and highest damage was detected in the spores of lower subtidal L. hyperborea relative to the other two species. Significant removal of CPDs indicating repair of DNA damage was observed in all species after 2 d in low white light especially in the spores of upper subtidal L. digitata. Therefore, efficient DNA damage repair and recovery of PSII damage contributed to the germination success but not in spores exposed to 16 h of UVBR. UV absorption of zoospore suspension in L. digitata is based both on the absorption by the zoospores itself as well as by exudates in the medium. In contrast, the absorption of the zoospore suspension in L. saccharina and L. hyperborea is based predominantly on the absorption by the exudates in the medium. This study indicates that UVR sensitivity of zoospores is related to the seasonal zoospore production as well as the vertical distribution pattern of the large sporophytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01288.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Action spectrum of phaeoplast displacements from the dark to the low intensity arrangement in the brown alga Dictyota dichotoma
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 4 (1989), S. 111-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1011-1344
    Keywords: Dictyota ; action spectrum ; chloroplast movements ; photoreceptor.
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/1011-1344(89)80106-X
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosynthetic characteristics and mycosporine-like amino acids under UV radiation: a competitive advantage of Mastocarpus stellatus over Chondrus crispus at the Helgoland shoreline? (2000)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 54 (2000), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Keywords: Key words Chondrus crispus ; Chlorophyll fluorescence ; Mastocarpus stellatus ; Mycosporine-like amino acids ; UV radiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Chondrus crispus and Mastocarpus stellatus both inhabit the intertidal and upper sublittoral zone of Helgoland, but with C. crispus generally taking a lower position. Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence, activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO), and content and composition of UV absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) were conducted in the laboratory, to test whether susceptibility to UV radiation may play a role in the vertical distribution of these two species. Effective and maximal quantum yield of photochemistry as well as maximal electron transport rate (ETRmax) in C. crispus were more strongly affected by UV-B radiation than in M. stellatus. In both species, no negative effects of the respective radiation conditions were found on total activity of RubisCO. Total MAA content in M. stellatus was up to 6-fold higher than in C. crispus and the composition of MAAs in the two species was different. The results indicate that, among others, UV-B sensitivity may be a factor restricting C. crispus to the lower intertidal and upper sublittoral zone, whereas M. stellatus is better adapted to UV radiation and is therefore more competitive in the upper intertidal zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101520050035
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capability of dynamic photoinhibition in Arctic macroalgae is related to their depth distribution (1998)
    Springer
    Marine biology 131 (1998), S. 361-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The capability of several macroalgal species to protect photosynthesis from excessive irradiance by dynamic photoinhibition was investigated relative to their depth distribution in summer 1995 in the Kongsfjord (79°N; 12°E, Ny Ålesund, Spitsbergen, Norway). Photoinhibition of photosynthesis was induced by exposure of algae from different water depths to a high photon fluence rate of 500 μmol m−2 s−1 for 2 h. Changes in optimal quantum yield (F v/F m) were measured during the inhibition phase. Recovery of photosynthesis was subsequently induced by dim white light (10 μmol m−2 s−1) and observed as changes in the variable fluorescence. With a newly developed mathematical model different parameters of the response kinetics of inhibition and recovery were calculated and related to the depth distribution of each algal species. It is shown that two components with slow and fast reaction kinetics, respectively, are involved in photoinhibition and recovery of photosynthesis. Their possible molecular bases are discussed. The half-life time (τ) of the inhibition and recovery phases, i.e. the time necessary to reach half maximal response, is clearly related to the depth distribution of the investigated species. Algae collected close to the water surface show a fast reaction of both photoinhibition and recovery and, hence, have a low τ. With increasing depth the reactions become slower and τ increases. τ was highest in deep water algae. Further analysis of the reaction kinetics in Laminaria saccharina shows that the relative proportion of the two kinetics involved change with the collection depth. In contrast, a significant difference in the reaction rates of both kinetics was not observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050329
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zeaxanthin content and the degree of photoinhibition are linearly correlated in the brown alga Dictyota dichotoma (1995)
    Springer
    Marine biology 123 (1995), S. 159-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Photoinhibition of photosynthesis of the brown alga Dictyota dichotoma was studied by measuring changes of photosystem II fluorescence, oxygen production and xanthophyll pool (zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin and violaxanthin). The experiments were carried out with a pulse-amplitude modulation fluorometer (PAM), a homemade oxygen measuring device and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for pigment analysis. Increasing fluences of a photoinhibitory white light caused a decrease of Fv/Fm (ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence), a decrease of oxygen production and concomitantly an increase in the contribution of zeaxanthin to the xanthophyll pool. Fv/Fm and oxygen production rate both showed a negative linear correlation to the zeaxanthin-xanthophyll pool ratio of D. dichotoma. Dithiothreitol (DTT), an inhibitor of the de-epoxidase of the xanthophyll-cycle, suppressed the interconversion from violaxanthin to zeaxanthin and the decrease of the initial fluorescence (F o) during strong-light irradiation. However, DTT was not able to prevent a decrease of Fv/Fm. With DTT, higher fluences of inhibitory white light were necessary to cause the same decrease of Fv/Fm as in the controls without DTT. The results indicate that the xanthophyll-cycle may play an important role in dynamic photoinhibition and recovery of photosynthesis in D. dichotoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350335
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    UV-radiation can affect depth-zonation of Antarctic macroalgae (1998)
    Springer
    Marine biology 131 (1998), S. 597-605 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Due to depletion of stratospheric ozone over polar regions of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres UV-B-radiation has increased at the surface of the earth. Measurements of variable chlorophyll fluorescence were conducted to document UV-induced photoinhibition of photosystem II in cultivated macroalgae with different depth distributions in Antarctica. The reactions during artificial UV-exposure were observed on a short time scale (hours) and in light–dark cycles over several days. The nine species of investigated macroalgae show great differences in UV-tolerance of the photosynthetic process. Photosynthesis of the studied green algae was inhibited to a minor degree, while the brown algae showed an intermediate inhibition of photosynthesis. The response of the studied red algae varied with species. The differences in the degree of inhibition and recovery of photosynthetic efficiency and capacity indicate that UV-radiation is one important factor affecting the vertical distribution of macroalgae in nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050351
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