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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Normal morphology of sacroiliac joints in children: magnetic resonance studies related to age and sex (1997)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 26 (1997), S. 697-704 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Joints ; sacroiliac ; Children ; skeletal system ; MR contrast enhancement ; Arthritis ; in infants and children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To determine in a prospective study the normal MRI morphology of the sacroiliac joints (SIJs) in relation to age and sex during adolescence. Design and patients. A total of 98 children (63 boys, mean age 12.7±2.8 years; 35 girls, mean age 13.7±2.3 years), ranging in age from 8 to 17 years, with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) but without signs of sacroiliitis fulfilled the study prerequisites (no back pain and no pathologic changes of the SIJs on physical examination before MRI in a 1.5-year follow-up). An additional eight HLA-B27-negative boys and eight HLA-B27-negative girls without arthritis served as controls. The MRI protocol comprised a T1-weighted SE sequence, an opposed-phase T2*-weighted GE sequence, and a dynamic contrast-enhanced study in single-section technique. Results. Noncontrast MRI permitted differentiation of “open” from ossified segmental and lateral apophyses of the sacral wings, with a significant difference in age (P 〈0.05) between children with open and ossified apophyses. Ossification of the apophyses of the sacral wings was seen significantly earlier (P 〈0.05) in girls than in boys. Girls also had a significantly higher incidence of transitional lumbosacral vertebrae, pelvic asymmetries, and accessory joints. In the contrast-enhanced opposed-phase MRI study, normal cartilage of the SIJs showed no contrast enhancement whereas the joint capsule showed a moderate enhancement. Conclusion. There are significant age- and sex-related differences in the normal MRI morphology of juvenile SIJs. Our findings might serve as a standard of comparison for the evaluation of pathologic changes – in particular for the early identification of juvenile sacroiliitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050314
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MR imaging of septic sacroiliitis (2000)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 29 (2000), S. 439-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging ; Sacroiliac joint ; Septic sacroiliitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To investigate the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in detecting septic sacroiliitis and to determine whether the MR characteristics allow this entity to be differentiated from sacroiliitis in spondylarthropathy (SpA). Patients and design. The imaging findings of 11 patients with septic sacroiliitis were retrospectively analyzed by two experienced radiologists. Radiographic surveys of the pelvis as well as computed tomography (CT) and MR images of the sacroiliac joints were available in all cases. Seven of the patients additionally underwent a follow-up MR examination. The MR imaging protocol comprised combinations of coronal and transverse T1-weighted spin-echo (SE) or fast SE sequences, T2-weighted gradient-echo (GE) sequences and short tau inversion recovery sequence (STIR) sequences as well as dynamic contrast- enhanced T1-weighted acquisitions. Results. Three patients with a short disease history showed anterior and/or posterior subperiosteal infiltrations (”lava cleft phenomenon”), transcapsular infiltrations of juxta-articular muscle layers, which obscured the fasciae, and periarticular bone marrow edema. The eight patients with more advanced stages of sacroiliitis additionally showed abscess formation, sequestration, and erosion. At follow-up MR examination (n=7) under systemic antibiotic treatment, the morphologic characteristics showed progression (n=1), regression (n=4), unchanged findings (n=1), or a mixed response (n=1). Clinical improvement precedes resolution of the MR findings. Conclusions. Anterior and/or posterior subperiosteal infiltrations and transcapsular infiltrations of juxta-articular muscle layers were depicted in all patients. These MR imaging findings are characteristic of septic sacroiliitis and may be used to differentiate this entity from sacroiliitis in SpA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560000242
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultraschalldiagnostik der Transplantatniere (1996)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 36 (1996), S. 31-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Nierentransplantation ; Farbkodierte Duplexsonographie ; Power-Doppler ; 3D-Power-Doppler ; Key words Kidney transplantation ; Color-coded duplex sonography ; Power Doppler ; 3D power Doppler
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality after kidney transplantation. Its general availability and the absence of radiation exposure and discomfort for the patient also make it a suitable procedure for follow-up. Simple B-mode sonography provides comprehensive information on the morphology of the renal transplant and surrounding structures, while color-coded duplex sonography (CCDS) additionally allows assessment of the anastomoses and organ perfusion. More recent technical advances such as power Doppler ultrasound appear to improve in particular the assessment of peripheral circulation. The possibilities and limitations of the various sonographic techniques in the evaluation of kidney transplants are discussed with special reference to the most important clinical aspects and some basic technical concepts.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach Nierentransplantation ist die Sonographie die primär indizierte bildgebende Methode. Allgemeine Verfügbarkeit und fehlende Strahlenexposition lassen dieses den Patienten nicht belastende Verfahren auch für Verlaufskontrollen geeignet erscheinen. Mit der einfachen B-Bildsonographie kann die Morphologie der Transplantatniere und ihrer Umgebung umfassend dargestellt werden. Die farbkodierte Duplexsonographie (FKDS) erlaubt zusätzlich Aussagen zu den Anastomosenverhältnissen und der Organdurchblutung. Neuere Entwicklungen der Ultraschalltechnik, wie der Power-Doppler, scheinen insbesondere die Beurteilbarkeit der peripheren Durchblutung zu verbessern. Es werden Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der verschiedenen sonographischen Techniken in der Diagnostik der Transplantatniere dargestellt, wobei neben den wichtigsten klinischen Fragestellungen auch einige technische Grundlagen zu erläutern sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050036
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kontrastmittel für die magnetresonanztomographische Lymphknotendiagnostik (MR-Lymphographie) (1996)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 36 (1996), S. 134-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Magnetresonanztomographie ; Kontrastmittel ; Eisenoxid ; Lymphknoten ; Neoplasien ; Key words Magnetic resonance imaging ; Contrast media ; Iron oxide ; Lymph nodes ; Neoplasms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In MR-imaging, similar to computed tomography, diagnosis of metastatic lymph-node disease is based on lymph-node sizes, and thereby it is non-specific. Superparamagnetic iron oxide as a potential contrast medium for MR-lymphography accumulate in normal lymph node tissue after endolymphatic, interstitial and, in case of very small particles, after intravenous injection. No accumulation occures in lymph node metastases. Lymph-node metastases can be detected by all three injection techniques. It has been shown experimentally, that in particular small metastases can be detected in normal sized lymph nodes. However, MR-lymphography also has inherent methodologic problems, as there may occure an uneven distribution of the contrast medium between different lymph-node groups. The experimental results with endolymphatic, interstitial, and intravenous MR-lymphography as well as first clinical results with intravenous contrast medium injection are presented and discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der MR-Tomographie beruht die Diagnose eines metastatischen Lymphknotenbefalls analog zur CT bislang allein auf dem Größenkriterium und ist damit unspezifisch. Als potentielles Kontrastmittel für die MR-Lymphographie reichern sich superparamagnetische Eisenoxidpartikel nach endolymphatischer und interstitieller Injektion in normalem Lymphknotengewebe an, sehr kleine Partikel auch nach intravenöser Injektion. In Lymphknotenmetastasen erfolgt keine Anreicherung. Mit allen drei Injektionsformen kann prinzipiell ein metastatischer Lymphknotenbefall nachgewiesen werden, insbesondere konnten in experimentellen Studien auch kleine Metastasen in nicht vergrößerten Lymphknoten erkannt werden. Die MR-Lymphographie besitzt jedoch methodische Probleme, vor allem bezüglich der Verteilung des Kontrastmittels zwischen verschiedenen Lymphknotenstationen. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden die bislang vorliegenden experimentellen Ergebnisse zur endolymphatischen, interstitiellen und intravenösen MR-Lymphographie sowie die ersten klinischen Ergebnisse mit intravenöser Kontrastmittelinjektion vorgestellt und diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050050
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cost-effectiveness considerations for modern diagnostic imaging procedures using the upper abdomen as an example (1996)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 36 (1996), S. 292-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kosten-Nutzen ; Sozioökonomische Aspekte ; Gesundheitswesen ; Fokale Leberläsionen ; Pankreastumoren ; Key words Cost effectiveness ; Socioeconomic considerations ; Medical care ; Focal liver lesions ; Pancreatic tumors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Demands for increased productivity despite cuts in financial resources have renewed the discussion of cost effectiveness in medical care. Unfortunately, there is a lack of reliable data for evaluating the cost effectiveness of diagnostic procedures. The present article discusses various aspects of this topic and presents examples from the diagnostic evaluation of the upper abdomen. It is argued that modern imaging procedures have in the past helped to reduce costs and that they can become cost effective when they replace established combinations of diagnostic procedures. The present discussion is severely hampered by the fact that there are no generally accepted standards for evaluating diagnostic strategies and that there are no well-founded studies of the cost effectiveness of the strategies used in abdominal diagnosis. Cost effectiveness will in the future become an additional criterion for assessing the quality of medical care.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine stetige Leistungsausweitung bei gleichzeitig begrenzten Ressourcen hat die Diskussion um Kosten und Nutzen im Gesundheitswesen neu entfacht. Leider fehlen dabei häufig verläßliche Daten, um die „Kosteneffektivität“ diagnostischer Verfahren beurteilen zu können. Der vorliegende Artikel enthält Überlegungen zum Thema und verweist auf Beispiele in der Oberbauchdiagnostik. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, daß gerade die moderne Schnittbilddiagnostik in der Vergangenheit zu einer Kosteneinsparung geführt hat und durch eine weitere Reduktion der bisherigen Stufendiagnostik durchaus kosteneffektiv ist. Ein für die derzeitige Diskussion schwerwiegendes Dilemma ist jedoch die Tatsache, daß keine Standards für diagnostische Untersuchungsstrategien existieren und fundierte Kosten-Nutzen-Studien in der abdominellen Diagnostik fehlen. Kosteneffektives Handeln wird zukünftig ein wichtiges Kriterium bei der Qualitätsbeurteilung ärztlicher Leistungen sein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050075
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracranial meningiomas (1990)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 32 (1990), S. 12-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Meningioma ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic reconance imaging ; Contrast-enhanced studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fifty patients with intracranial meningiomas underwent plain and contrast-enhanced examinations with CT and MRI. Each of the MR studies consisted of three plain (T1, proton density and T2-weighted) and a post-contrast series (0.1 mmol Gd-DTPA/kg body weight). All techniques (plain CT, plain MRI, contrastenhanced CT, contrast-enhanced MRI) proved to be highly efficient as regards tumour detection: depending on the technique, an intracranial lesion was demonstrated in 47–50 cases. The image contrast was assessed as good or excellent in 21 cases having plain CT and in 33 cases having plain MRI, but in 46 and 50 of the contrast-enhanced CT and MRI studies respectively. Adequate tumour delineation was achieved in 18 cases with plain CT, in 35 cases with plain MRI and in 46 and 50 cases of the contrast-enhanced CT and MRI examinations. The contrast-enhanced studies proved to be superior to the plain CT and MRI studies as regards image contrast and tumor delineation. Because of the methodological advantages of the MRI technique, contrast-enhanced MRI was judged to be slightly superior to contrast-enhanced CT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593935
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnosis and staging of carpal tunnel syndrome: Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and intra-operative findings (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 138 (1996), S. 228-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Carpal tunnel syndrome ; magnetic resonance imaging ; peripheral nerve lesion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Purpose: In order to determine the reliability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis and staging of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), the most common entrapment neuropathy, the following prospective study has been performed.Methods: We compared clinical and electrophysiological studies in 58 cases of CTS with MRI investigations and confirmed the reliability by exact correspondence with intra-operative findings.Results: Typical MRI characteristics of the median nerve in CTS have been established. There is a significant difference in flattening (p 〈 0.05), swelling (p 〈 0.01) and signal intensity (p 〈 0.05) of the median nerve between early and advanced CTS. Comparison of MRI and intra-operative findings revealed that median nerve compression was diagnosed correctly in 91% of cases. Additional lesions in the carpal tunnel, which are a primary cause of nerve compression, were established by MRI in 25 cases and confirmed by surgery.Conclusion: MRI is a reliable diagnostic tool for assessing as well as staging of CTS. Morphological changes following chronic nerve compression can be visualized. It is particularly useful in cases of suspected lesions within the carpal tunnel as a cause of CTS. The information provided may support the choice of adequate treatment modality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411366
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue transition projection (TTP) of the intestines (2000)
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 806-810 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Spiral CT ; Postprocessing ; Small bowel ; Colon ; Translucent imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Tissue transition projection (TTP) represents a three-dimensional reconstruction technique for volumetric image data sets. To demonstrate the principle characteristics of TTP, a simple phantom consisting of two pipes with a simulated, wall-adherent polyp was scanned with spiral CT, and images were reconstructed by means of volume rendering for both opaque surface reconstructions and TTP. Tissue transition projection was used in 7 patients for reconstruction of the small intestine or the colon. Unlike three-dimensional reconstructions with opaque surfaces, TTP enhances surface transitions while suppressing homogeneous areas, allowing delineation of the bowel wall similar to conventional double-contrast studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300051008
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multifocal nodular fatty infiltration of the liver mimicking metastatic disease on CT: imaging findings and diagnosis using MR imaging (2000)
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 1095-1100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: MRI – Liver – Fatty infiltration – Opposed phase – Metastases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to describe the MR appearance of multifocal nodular fatty infiltration of the liver (MNFIL) using T1-weighted in-phase (IP) and opposed-phase (OP) gradient-echo as well as T2-weighted turbo-spin-echo sequences with fat suppression (FSTSE) and without (HASTE). Magnetic resonance imaging examinations at 1.5 T using T1-weighted IP and OP-GRE with fast low angle shot (FLASH) technique, and T2-weighted FSTSE, T2-weighted HASTE of 137 patients undergoing evaluation for focal liver lesions were reviewed. Five patients were identified in whom CT indicated metastatic disease; however, no liver malignancy was finally proven. Diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy (n = 3), additional wedge resection (n = 1) or follow-up MRI 6–12 months later (n = 5). Regarding the identified five patients, the number of focal liver lesions was 2 (n = 2) and more than 20 (n = 3). The MR imaging characteristics were as follows: OP-image: markedly hypointense (n = 5); IP image: isointense (n = 2) or slightly hyperintense (n = 3); T2-weighted FSTSE-image: isointense (n = 5); T2-weighted HASTE image isointense (n = 1); slightly hyperintense (n = 4). On OP images all lesions were sharply demarcated and of almost spherical configuration (n = 5). Further evaluation by histology or follow-up MR imaging did not give evidence of malignancy in any case. Histology revealed fatty infiltration of the liver parenchyma in three patients. Magnetic resonance follow-up showed complete resolution in two patients and no change in three patients. Multifocal nodular fatty infiltration can simulate metastatic disease on both CT and MR imaging. The combination of in-phase (IP) and opposed-phase (OP) gradient-echo imaging can reliably differentiate MNFIL from metastatic disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300000360
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How to organize animal research in radiology (1996)
    Springer
    European radiology 6 (1996), S. S19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00181170
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