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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford :Taylor & Francis Group,
    Keywords: Global environmental change -- International cooperation. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Epistemic Communities, Constructivism and International Environmental Politics brings together 25 years of publications by Peter M. Haas. The book examines how the world has changed significantly over the last 100 years, discusses the need for new, constructivist scholarship to understand the dynamics of world politics, and highlights the role played by transnational networks of professional experts in global governance. Combining an intellectual history of epistemic communities with theoretical arguments and empirical studies of global environmental conferences, as well as international organizations and comparative studies of international environmental regimes, this book presents a broad picture of social learning on the global scale.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (421 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781315717906
    DDC: 363.7/0561
    Language: English
    Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introduction: reconstructing epistemic communities -- PART I Ontology and historical background -- 2 Transnational flows and the transformation of international relations -- 3 The capacity of international institutions to manage Bhopal-like problems -- 4 Introduction: epistemic communities and international policy coordination -- 5 Constructing environmental security from resource scarcity -- PART II Regimes and governance patterns -- 6 Social constructivism and the evolution of multilateral environmental governance -- 7 Prospects for effective marine governance in the NW Pacific region -- Appendix: a letter to the editor -- 8 Epistemic communities and international environmental law -- PART III Institutions and learning -- 9 UN conferences and constructivist governance of the environment -- 10 International institutions and social learning in the management of global environmental risks -- 11 Addressing the global governance deficit -- 12 Learning to learn: improving international governance -- PART IV Effectiveness -- 13 Choosing to comply: theorizing from international relations and comparative politics -- 14 Evaluating the effectiveness of marine governance -- PART V Science policy -- 15 When does power listen to truth? A constructivist approach to the policy process -- 16 Organized science, usable knowledge, and multilateral environmental governance -- PART VI Conclusion -- 17 Promoting knowledge-based international governance for sustainable development -- 18 The global spreading of ideas: social learning and the evolution of multilateral environmental governance -- Index.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford :Taylor & Francis Group,
    Keywords: Environmental policy -- International cooperation. ; Environmental protection -- International cooperation. ; Environmental economics. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: By addressing key questions in this important area, the book provides new perspectives in the nexus between agency and architecture in environmental governance in the twenty-first century.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (280 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781135069346
    Series Statement: Routledge Research in Global Environmental Governance Series
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
    Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of illustrations -- List of contributors -- Preface -- 1 Introduction: actor configurations and global environmental governance -- 2 Agenda setting at sea and in the air -- 3 Lessons learned in multilateral environmental negotiations -- 4 Actor configurations and compliance tasks in international environmental governance -- 5 The mismatch of implementation networks in international environmental regimes: lessons from different agreements -- 6 Resilience and biodiversity governance: the processes of actor configurations which support and limit resilience -- 7 Governance components in private regulation: implications for legitimacy, authority and effectiveness -- 8 Actor configurations in the climate regime: the states call the shots -- 9 Conclusion: lessons from pluralistic green governance -- Annex: Outline of regimes covered in this volume -- Index.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D. C. :Island Press,
    Keywords: Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Global Environmental Governance tells the story of how the community of nations, nongovernmental organizations, scientists, and multinational corporations have in recent decades created an unprecedented set of laws and institutions intended to help solve large-scale environmental problems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (193 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781597266055
    Series Statement: Foundations of Contemporary Environmental Studies Series
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Title Page -- Copyrights Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- I: Introduction: Toward Planetary Stewardship -- II: Global-Scale Environmental Challenges -- III: From Stockholm to Johannesburg: First Attempt at Global Environmental Governance -- IV: Environmental Accord: Treaties and International Environmental Law -- V: Key Actors, Expanding Roles: The United Nations, International Organizations, and Civil Society -- VI: Paths to the Future: A Second Attempt at Global Environmental Governance? -- Questions for Discussion -- References -- Further Reading -- Index.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 34 (1991), S. 288-288 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 35 (1992), S. 290-291 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Anal cancer ; Radiation ; Chemotherapy ; Abdominoperineal resection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thirty patients treated with combination chemotherapy (CT) and radiation therapy (RT) for anal canal carcinoma were reviewed retrospectively to analyze the results of abdominoperineal resection (APR) for treatment failures. Mean follow-up was 34.9 months. Twenty-four patients had squamous carcinomas, and six had cloacogenic carcinomas. Twenty-five had negative inguinal lymph nodes, and five had positive inguinal lymph nodes. The group received 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin C, and 30 to 50 Gy of RT. Biopsy was obtained at six weeks posttherapy. Seventeen of 22 patients (77 percent) with primary tumors of less than 5 cm and negative nodes were disease free at 37 months post-CT-RT. None of the seven patients with primary tumors of greater than 5 cm or positive nodes were free of disease. APR was done for positive biopsy in eight patients and for local recurrence (disease detected after six months of treatment) in one patient. Eight of nine patients who had APR died of disease (mean, 20 months), and one of nine died of other causes. A review of published series, including our data, reveals 24 cases of APR post-CT-RT for positive biopsy, with 17 of 24 (71 percent) dead of disease within three years. APR for CT-RT failures has a poor prognosis. Future protocols may determine whether further CT-RT will improve survival. APR for palliation should always remain an option.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 367 (1994), S. 405-405 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Global environmental policies will be ineffective without international cooperation. As part of a study of multilateral environmental accords from 1920 to 1990, we examined the record of multilateral treaty commitments by several large countries, looking at the total number of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the DNA polymorphism for the DQA1 promoter region (QAP) and HLA-class II DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 genes in 178 central European patients with Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using polymerase chain reaction and Dig-ddUTP labeled oligonucleotides. Increased frequencies of DRB1*02 and *03 are confirmed by DNA typing. In addition, the frequencies of DQA1*0501, *0102 and DQB1*0201, *0602 alleles are increased in the patients as compared to controls. The strongest association to SLE is found with DRB1*03 and DQB1*0201 alleles (p〈10−7, p corr. 〈10−5 and p〈10−6, p corr. 〈10−4, respectively). By investigating the DQA1 promoter region in the SLE patients we have detected nine different QAP variants. Increased frequencies of QAP1.2 and QAP4.1 are observed in patients as compared to controls (p 〈0.05, p corr. = n. s.). Analysis of linkage disquilibria demonstrates a very strong association between QAP variants and DQA1, DRB1 alleles. Certain QAP variants are completely associated with DQA1 and DRB1 alleles, whereas others can combine with different DQA1 and DRB1 alleles. All DRB1*02-positive patients and controls carry QAP1.2, and all DRB1*03-positive patients and controls carry QAP4.1. Conversely, the QAP1.2 variant appears only in DRB1*02 haplotypes, while the QAP4.1 variant can be observed in DRB1*03, *11, and *1303 haplotypes. Based on the strong linkage disequilibria between DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 genes and between DRB1-QAP-DQA1, we have deduced the four-point haplotypes for DRB1-QAP-DQA1-DQB1 in patients and controls. Two haplotypes DRB1*02-QAP1.2-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602-and DRB1*03-QAP4.1-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 are significantly increased in patient as compared to controls (p〈0.01, p corr. = n.s., RR = 1.8 and p 〈10−7, p corr. 〈10−5, RR = 3.1, respectively). The analysis of relative risks attributed to the various alleles of QAP, DQA1, and DQB1 as well as the investigation of the deduced DRB1-QAP-DQA1-DQB1 haplotypes leads to the conclusion that QAP4.1 and DQA1*0501 on the DR3 haplotypes are probably not involved in SLE susceptibility. There is no evidence for the involvement of DQ2 α/β dimers coded in transposition. Thus, susceptibility to SLE is on the DR3 haplotype most probably localized at DRB1 or telomeric of DRB1, while for the DR2 haplotype such orientation cannot be given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Discrete event dynamic systems 6 (1996), S. 43-72 
    ISSN: 1573-7594
    Keywords: discrete-event stochastic systems ; stochastic simulation ; regenerative processes ; regenerative simulation ; generalized semi-Markov processes ; passage times ; Little's Law ; networks of queues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The lengths of certain passage-time intervals (random time intervals) in discrete-event stochastic systems correspond to delays in computer, communication, manufacturing, and transportation systems. Simulation is often the only available means for analyzing a sequence of such lengths. It is sometimes possible to obtain meaningful estimates for the limiting average delay indirectly, that is, without measuring lengths of individual passage-time intervals. For general time-average limits of a sequence of delays, however, it is necessary to measure individual lengths and combine them to form point and interval estimates. We consider sequences of delays determined by state transitions of a generalized semi-Markov process and introduce a recursively-generated sequence of realvalued random vectors, called start vectors, to provide the link between the starts and terminations of passage-time intervals. This method of start vectors for measuring delays avoids the need to “tag” entities in the system. We show that if the generalized semi-Markov process has a recurrent single-state, then the sample paths of any sequence of delays can be decomposed into one-dependent, identically distributed cycles. We then show that an extension of the regenerative method for analysis of simulation output can be used to obtain meaningful point estimates and confidence intervals for time-average limits. This estimation procedure is valid not only when there are no ongoing passage times at any regeneration point but, unlike previous methods, also when the sequence of delays does not inherit regenerative structure. Application of these methods to a manufacturing cell with robots is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 111 (1978), S. 629-638 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Organophosphorus Compounds, XVIII: Bifunctional Dithiophosphinic Acids HS(S)P(R)—R′—P(R)(S)SH and Some of Their DerivativesBifunctional dithiophosphinic acids are easily obtained by nucleophilic fission of perthiophosphonic anhydrides (RPS2)2 with di-Grignard reagents XMgR′MgX. By this method numercus compounds of the type XS(S)P(R)—R′—P(R)(S)SX (X = H, Na, NH4, (CH3)3NH; R = CH3, C6H5, 4-CH3OC6H4; R′ = 1,4′C6H4, [CH2]n with n = 4-10) were prepared. These could be easily converted into the corresponding esters, amides, and -chlorides as is shown by some examples. Oxidation of H4NS(S)P(R)—R′—P(R)(S)SNH4 (R = 4-CH3OC6H4; R′ = [CH2]6) with I2, CU2+, or Tl3+ gave a mixture of oligomeric disulfanes (—(S)P(R)—R′—P(R)(S)—S—S—)n (n = approx. 2-4), hydrolysis of the methyl ester CH3S(S)P(R)—R′—P(R)(S)SCH3 (R = 4-CH3OC6H4; R′ = 1,4-C6H4) gave the bifunctional monothiophosphinic acid HO(S)P(R)—R′—P(R)(S)OH.
    Notes: Durch nucleophile Spaltung von Perthiophosphonsäureanhydriden (RPS2)2 mit Di-Grignard-reagentien XMgR′MgX können bequem bifunktionelle Dithiophosphinsäuren XS(S)P(R)—R′—P(R)(S)SX (X = H, Na, NH4, (CH3)3NH; R = CH3, C6H5, 4-CH3OC6H4; R′ = 1,4-C6H4, [CH2]n mit n = 4-10) erhalten werden. Diese können leicht in die entsprechenden Ester, Säureamide und -chloride übergeführt werden, wie an einigen Beispielen gezeigt wird. Bei der Oxidation von H4NS(S)P(R)—R′—P(R)(S)SNH4 (R = 4-CH3OC6H4; R′ = [CH2]6) mit Iod, Cu2+ oder Tl3+ entstand ein Gemisch oligometer Disulfane [—(S)P(R)—R′—P(R)(S)—S—S—]n (n = ca. 2-4), bei der Hydrolyse des Methylesters CH3S(S)P(R)—R′—P(R)(S)SCH3 (R = 4-CH3OC6H4; R = 1,4-C6H4) die bifunktionelle Monothiophosphinsäure HO(S)P(R)—R′—P(R)(S)OH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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