Note: Intro -- Foreword: The Vocabulary of Nature -- Preface: From the Coordinating Editor -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Mathematical Advances Towards Sustainable Environmental Systems: Context and Perspectives -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Chapter Outlines -- References -- Chapter 2: Biological Modelling for Sustainable Ecosystems -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Biogeographic studies, Digital Elevation Models, Climatic data and Biological Records -- 2.3 Mathematic Detail of Algorithmic Structures -- 2.4 Genetic Dispersal/Stochastic Methods -- 2.5 Functional Approximation Algorithms/Using Continual and Discrete Data for Informative Expansion -- 2.6 Case Studies: Plant Strategies, Life Forms and Metabolism -- 2.7 Heuristic and Optimal Search Capability and Application to Biological, Chemical and Physical Data -- 2.8 Conclusions/Further Directions -- References -- Chapter 3: On the Dynamics of the Deployment of Renewable Energy Production Capacities -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Energy Return on Energy Investment -- 3.3 MODERN: A Discrete-Time Model of the Deployment of Renewable Energy Production Capacities -- 3.3.1 Time -- 3.3.2 Assumption Regarding the Energy Produced from Nonrenewable Sources -- 3.3.3 Energy from Renewable Origin -- 3.3.4 Dynamics of Deployment of Energy Production Means -- 3.3.5 Energy Costs for Growth and Long-Term Replacement -- 3.3.6 Total Energy and Net Energy to Society -- 3.3.7 Constraints on the Quantity of Energy Invested for Energy Production -- 3.3.8 Assumptions on Growth and Replacement Energy Costs -- 3.4 Simulation Results: Case Study for Photovoltaic Panels -- 3.4.1 Variable Initialization -- 3.4.2 Growth Scenario -- 3.4.3 Depletion of Nonrenewable Resources Scenario -- 3.4.4 Values of ERoEI and Lifetime -- 3.4.5 Typical Runs -- 3.5 On the Potential Benefits of Using Control Strategies -- 3.6 From Modelling to Society. , 3.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Water System Modelling -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Water Systems Modelling for Quantity and Quality -- 4.2.1 AGNPS -- 4.2.2 ANSWERS -- 4.2.3 CASC2D -- 4.2.4 MIKESHE -- 4.2.5 DWSM -- 4.2.6 KINEROS -- 4.2.7 HSPF -- 4.2.8 SWAT -- 4.2.9 PRMS -- 4.2.10 HEC-HMS -- 4.2.11 HEC-RAS -- 4.2.12 WEAP -- 4.3 Time and Space Scale -- 4.3.1 Time Scales in Modelling -- 4.3.1.1 Event-Based Models -- 4.3.1.2 Continuous Models -- 4.3.2 Space Scale in Modelling -- 4.3.3 Mathematical Bases for the Selected Models -- 4.4 Model Calibration and Verification -- 4.4.1 Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) -- 4.4.2 Coefficient of Determination R2 -- 4.4.3 Chi-square -- 4.4.4 Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient -- 4.4.5 Index of Agreement d -- 4.4.6 Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency with Logarithmic Values ln E -- 4.4.7 Modified Forms of E and d -- 4.4.8 Relative Efficiency Criteria Erel and drel -- 4.4.9 Measures of Efficiency -- 4.5 Discussion -- 4.6 Selecting a Model for Estimating Nutrient Yield and Transportation During Flash Floods and Wet Seasons -- 4.7 Selecting a Model for Estimating Nutrient Yield and Transportation During Regular Flow -- 4.8 Summary and Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 5: Introduction to Biodiversity -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Perspectives/Perceptions -- 5.3 Significance -- 5.4 Challenges to Documentation -- 5.4.1 Mentality and Motivation in Relation to Cost Versus Benefit -- 5.4.2 Dimension/Scale -- 5.4.2.1 Accessibility -- 5.4.3 Interest/Incentive -- 5.4.4 Level of Expertise and Distribution -- 5.4.5 Estimates Down Through History -- 5.5 Extinction Rate -- 5.5.1 Role of Scientific Collections -- 5.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Challenges to Conservation -- 6.1 Challenges -- 6.2 Separation Anxiety -- 6.3 Selective Acceptance of Science -- 6.4 Species/Area Relationships and Sustainability. , 6.5 Human Behavior in Light of Evolutionary Pressures -- 6.6 A Sense of Entitlement Due to Religious Beliefs -- 6.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Biogeochemistry in the Scales -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Loose Definitions and the Problems of Scale -- 7.2.1 Views of Experimental Scale Across Scientific Disciplines -- 7.2.2 Problems of Experimental Scale -- 7.3 Mathematical Modelling Approaches -- 7.3.1 Top-Down and Bottom-Up Modelling -- 7.3.2 Middle-Out Modelling -- 7.3.3 Example of Biogeochemical Integration of Top-Down, Bottom-Up and Middle-Out Modelling -- 7.4 How Do We Model Complex Ecosystems? -- 7.4.1 Biodiversity -- 7.4.2 Biogeochemistry -- 7.4.3 Potential Solutions (Principle of Model Systems in Ecology) -- 7.5 A Way Forward for Integrating Biogeochemical and Ecosystem Models Using Natural Microcosms -- 7.5.1 Mathematical Models -- 7.5.2 Ecology Models -- 7.5.3 Biogeochemical Models -- 7.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 8: Plant Metabolites Expression -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Metabolic Regulation -- 8.2.1 Complexity of Metabolism -- 8.2.2 Metabolic Control by Compartmentalization -- 8.2.3 Metabolic Control by Regulation of Enzyme Activities -- 8.3 Role of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Plant Metabolite Expression -- 8.4 Osmotic Adjustment Imposed by Stress and Metabolic Compensation Mechanisms -- 8.4.1 Carbohydrate Metabolism -- 8.4.2 The Active Role of Polyols in Protective Mechanisms -- 8.4.3 Amines -- 8.4.4 Glycine Betaine -- 8.5 Utilizing Functional Genomics Approaches to Elucidate Plant Stress Responses -- 8.5.1 Signal Transduction Involved in Stress-Induced Metabolic Changes -- 8.6 Plant Hormones Have Pivotal Roles in Plant Stress Signaling -- 8.6.1 Abscisic Acid -- 8.6.2 Gibberellic Acid -- 8.6.3 Jasmonates -- 8.7 Transcriptional Regulation of Secondary Metabolites -- 8.7.1 Terpenoids -- 8.7.2 Alkaloids -- 8.7.3 Flavonoids. , 8.8 Transcription Factors Involved in Secondary Metabolism -- 8.8.1 MYB -- 8.8.2 bHLH -- 8.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Tools from Biodiversity: Wild Nutraceutical Plants -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Plant Metabolite Expression -- 9.3 Dioscorea at Similipal Biosphere Reserve Forest: Indigenous Uses -- 9.4 Dioscorea Species: Future Food and Medicine -- 9.5 Nutraceutical Importance of Dioscorea Species -- 9.6 Active Compounds of Dioscorea Species and Pharmacology -- 9.7 Metabolic Pathways of Active Compounds: Biosynthesis, Precursor Molecules of Active Compounds, and Elicitation -- 9.8 Strategy to Express, Over-Express the Metabolites: Application of Conventional/Molecular Tools -- 9.9 Findings and Future Prospects -- References -- Chapter 10: The Effect of Climate Change on Watershed Water Balance -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Case Study of Zayandeh-Rud River Basin -- 10.3 Methodology -- 10.3.1 Weighting of the GCM Models -- 10.3.2 Definition of Climate Change Patterns -- 10.3.3 Downscaling of the Large-Scale GCM Outputs -- 10.3.4 Rainfall-Runoff Modelling -- 10.3.5 Effect of Climate Change on Water Consumption -- 10.3.6 Water Resources Sustainability Index -- 10.4 Results -- 10.4.1 GCM Models Weighting -- 10.4.2 Downscaling of the Temperature and Precipitation -- 10.4.3 Effects of Climate Change on Temperature -- 10.4.4 Effects of Climate Change on Precipitation -- 10.4.5 Effects of Climate Change on Agriculture Water Demand -- 10.4.6 Effects of Climate Change on Surface Water Resources -- 10.4.7 Changes in Domestic and Industrial Water Demand -- 10.4.8 Water Resources Sustainability -- 10.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Modelling Challenges for Climate and Community Resilient Socioecological Systems -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Limitations of Existing Approaches for Modelling Climatic Systems. , 11.2.1 Different Scales of Description, Prediction and Prescription -- 11.2.2 Dynamic Ecosystems -- 11.2.3 Community Heterogeneity -- 11.2.4 Socioecological Resilience -- 11.2.5 Dealing with Uncertainty -- 11.3 The Socioecological Paradigm Revisited: Modelling Imperatives -- 11.4 Case Study of Coping with Climate Change in Flood-Prone Regions of India -- 11.5 Conclusions and Further Directions -- References -- Chapter 12: Introduction to Robotics-Mathematical Issues -- 12.1 Introduction on Robotics -- Robot Types and Applications -- 12.2 Robot Kinematic Modelling -- 12.3 Robotic Dynamics: Modelling and Formulations -- 12.4 Path and Trajectory Planning in Robotics -- 12.4.1 Third-Order Polynomial Trajectory Planning -- 12.4.2 Linear Segments with Parabolic Blends -- 12.5 Classical Control Synthesis and Design -- 12.5.1 PD Position Control -- 12.5.2 PD Control of Position with Gravity Compensation -- 12.5.3 Control of the Robot Based on Inverse Dynamics -- 12.5.4 Control Based on the Transposed Jacobian Matrix -- 12.5.5 Control Based on the Inverse Jacobian Matrix -- 12.5.6 Control of the Contact Force -- 12.5.6.1 Linearization of a Robot System Through Inverse Dynamics -- 12.5.6.2 Force Control -- 12.6 Robot Vision and Visual Servoing -- 12.6.1 Robot Vision -- 12.6.2 Robot Control Using Visual Servoing Technique -- 12.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: Intelligent and Robust Path Planning and Control of Robotic Systems -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Intelligent Control -- 13.2.1 Neural Network-Based Control for Robotics -- 13.2.2 Fuzzy Logic-Based Control for Robotics -- 13.2.3 Genetic Algorithms in Robotic Systems -- 13.2.4 Hybrid Intelligent Approach in Robotic Systems -- 13.3 Iterative Learning Control -- 13.4 Robust Control -- 13.4.1 Robust H Controller -- 13.4.2 Robust Sliding Mode Control (SMC) -- 13.5 Swarm Robotics System. , 13.6 Case Studies.