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  • 1
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study quantitatively assessed radiographic changes in alveolar bone density by computer-assisted densitometric image analysis (CADIA) in periodontal defects that were treated with decalcified freeze dried bone allograft (DFDBA) alone or in combination with interproximal expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes (ePTFE). The radiographic changes where then analyzed for correlation with the clinically assessed changes. The radio-graphic changes were evaluated on standardized radiographs of treated sites treated prior to, 1 week after surgery, and 6 months post-operatively. 15 patients with one pair of bilateral interproximal periodontal defects of similar morphology and 3:6 mm in pocket depth participated. Analysis of the changes 6 months after treatment showed that the increases in density in the defect areas that received the graft were significantly greater than the adjacent areas (p 〈0.001). These adjacent areas, in contrast, demonstrated significantly larger loss in radio-graphic density than the defect area (p 〈0.001). The placement of DFDBA into the defects produced in itself significant increases in radiographic density, as illustrated by the results of one week which remained at six months. Utilization of ePTFE addition to DFDBA did not lead to additional radiographic gains in the defect area. While at one week the analysis suggested increased resorption by the combined treatment over grafting alone, such differences did not persist at 6 months post-surgery. Analysis comparing CADIA derived values for change with those of the clinical assessment revealed some associations. When categorizing outcomes of density measurements as equal to 0 or numerically greater than 0, changes in density showed a non-random correlation with clinical changes expressed by the distance from CEJ to the bottom of the defect (p 〈0.001) among sites treated by DFDBA. The corresponding correlation was not significant upon adjunctive treatment by ePTFE. Further analysis, however, demonstrated that the magnitudes of change by the different assessment methods were not significantly correlated. This may be an effect of the region-of-interest selection in this study. Further studies are needed to clarify the correlations between radiographic and clinical methods for assessing treatment effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 20 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study clinically evaluates the use of decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) in conjunction with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFEJ membrane specifically designed for the treatment of interproximal intraosseous defects. It also examines by SEM, plaque contaminated membranes retrieved from patients. 15 advanced periodontitis patients with two bilateral interproximal probing depths of 〉6 mm participated. After hygiene phase, measurements were made to determined soft tissue recession, pocket depth, clinical attachment levels and amount of keratinized tissue. Defects from each pair were randomly treated with ePTFE plus DFDBA (experimental) or DFDBA alone (control). Measurements were made during the surgery to determine crestal resorption, defect resolution and defect fill. Membranes were removed at 4 to 6 weeks and analyzed by SEM. Each site was surgically reentered and measurements repeated at sis months. Both groups showed clinical and statistically significant changes when compared to baseline (P 〈0.01), but no difference between groups. The experimental group showed increased soft tissue recession vs control group, 0.9 versus 0.4 mm, and loss of keratinized tissue 1.6 versus 0.1 mm (P 〈0.0001). Control sites showed a 58% bone fill while experimental sites had 70% bone fill. There were no clear patterns of microbial colonization or cell adherences in either side of the membrane. It was concluded that the presence of plaque on the membranes did not compromise the initial clinical healing during the first 4–6 weeks. Results suggest a beneficial effect with the use of either technique for the treatment of intraosseous defects.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 62 (1990), S. 501-508 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Solvent nephrotoxicity ; Hypertension ; Enzymuria ; Albuminuria ; Glomerular filtration rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Control and hydrocarbon exposed workers participated in a cross-sectional study about the nephrotoxicity of chronic hydrocarbon exposure. Different markers of glomerular and tubular function as well as the celluria were examined and compared. The results show that the interaction between hypertension and hydrocarbon exposure has an influence on the kidney function. For the clearance the interaction age-exposure seems to play a more important role than age or exposure alone. The most useful markers appear to be the albuminuria, the N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase activity, the retinol-binding-protein concentration and the creatinine clearance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Soot ; Carbon ; Interlaboratory comparison ; Thermal method ; Exposure ; Surrogate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Object: Diesel soot has been recognized as probably carcinogenic to humans. Elemental carbon (also called black carbon) in soot is considered at the moment as the most significant surrogate to be measured for assessing the exposure to this pollutant. Its analysis is done by combustion in an oven and determination of the CO2 formed, after elimination of the organic fraction of the soot by heating and/or by solvent extraction. The analysis allows determination of both fractions of the soot: “elemental carbon” (EC) and organic carbon␣(OC). The sum of EC and OC is called TC (total carbon). Method: An informal European coordination group organized two round robin tests on filter samples collected from diluted diesel emissions. The first round (RRT1) was performed on 13 different samples analyzed by ten laboratories. The range of loading was 2.5 to 150 μg/cm2 of EC. No evaluation of the precision within laboratories could be made since each laboratory gave only one result per sample. Therefore a second round (RRT2) was organized with two samples and a blank filter sent in several portions to 11 laboratories. It should be stressed that each laboratory used its own method and that no standardization was planned at this stage. Results: Results of RRT1 showed that the coefficient of variation between laboratories decreased with higher loading and was around 10% to 15% for EC above about 20 μg/cm2. Dispersion of the results varied and it appeared that the way OC is removed from the soot is probably the most important factor of influence. The correlation between the laboratories was good as a whole but some systematic differences could be detected. Besides the different techniques to remove the organic carbon, the pretreatment of the filter by HCl (either as a vapor or as a solution) to remove the inorganic carbonates (potential interference sources), is probably also a significant factor of influence in the dispersion of the results between laboratories. It is not yet clear from these results whether the “environmental” laboratories give different results from the “occupational” laboratories, but it is clear that their objectives differ since for the “environmentalists”, EC is not a specific marker of diesel immissions, in contrast to the “occupationalists”. Conclusion: It can be concluded that, although significant differences exist between laboratories they can be attributed mainly to the narrow distribution of the results within a single laboratory, and that the overall agreement of the results for EC and TC is fairly good. These results obtained with pure diesel engine emissions, should be complemented by field samples, but they have already achieved relevant findings in the performance of the procedures used to assess exposure to diesel soot.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 37 (1976), S. 57-64 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Mandelic acid ; Phenylglyoxylic acid ; Gaschromatography ; Styrene metabolites ; Urinalyses of styrene metabolites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A simple and specific method for the quantitative gaschromatographic (GC) analysis of mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acid (MA and PGA), human urinary styrene metabolites, is described. MA is determined by trimethylsilylation and subsequent GC analysis. Because of difficulties involved in the direct determination of PGA due to the lack of quantitative and reproducible derivatization methods, this acid is reduced to MA prior to GC analysis. By a double determination with and without reduction both acids can be analyzed quantitatively. Both analysis show the same accuracy and precision and can therefore be intercorrelated accurately.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sozial- und Präventivmedizin 30 (1985), S. 44-44 
    ISSN: 1420-911X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sozial- und Präventivmedizin 30 (1985), S. 45-45 
    ISSN: 1420-911X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sozial- und Präventivmedizin 27 (1982), S. 90-93 
    ISSN: 1420-911X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zunächst wird die grundlegende Unvollkommenheit verfahrenstechnischer Kenntnisse zur Herstellung «lärmfreier» Werkzeuge und Maschinen betont. Die Benützer sind ungenügend ausgebildet, zumal auch öfters mit den Langzeitauswirkungen des Lärms und den geeigneten Präventivmassnahmen unvertraut. Arbeitsmedizinern, Arbeitshygienikern, Krankenpflegern, Sicherheitsingenieuren und anderen Berufsparten steht dembezüglich eine wichtige Rolle zu. Dann wird die technische Schwierigkeit der sachgemässen Auswertung (1.) der Lärmgefährdung, (2.) der Wirksamkeit präventiver Massnahmen besprochen. Die zutreffende Reihenfolge der Eingriffstufen sollte lauten: Lärmquelle, Lärmfortpflanzung, «Ziel»-Arbeiter. Schliesslich werden einige psycho-physiologische Aspekte erläutert, darunter die öffentliche Einstellung zur Lärmproblematik. Die Notwendigkeit eines Wandels im Sinne einer tatsächlichen Erkenntnis und Motivierung wird hervorgehoben. Diese Aufgabe muss von allen Verantwortlichen erfüllt werden.
    Abstract: Summary Emphasis is given to the lack of basic engineering knowledge in devising and building “noiseless” tools or machines, as well as in understanding sources and mechanisms of noise production. Teaching and training are not sufficiently developed in this field. Moreover, users of such devices are all too often unaware of the long-term effects of noise and of the appropriate methods of prevention. In this respect, occupational physicians, hygienists, nurses, safety engineers and others can play a very important role. In a second part, the technical difficulties in assessing properly the noise hazard and the efficiency of the protection techniques are underlined. Noise source, noise propagation and the “target” worker are the three levels of control in order of decreasing priority. Finally a few psycho-physiological problems are discussed, among others the attitude of the public towards noise in general. The need of changing this attitude and creating a real understanding and motivation is stressed. Everybody has a responsibility of his own in this respect.
    Notes: Résumé L'attention est attirée sur les lacunes de base concernant les connaissances dans le domaine de la conception et de la fabrication des machines bruyantes, de même que dans celui de la mise en œuvre des procédés qui engendrent le bruit. La formation et l'information des utilisateurs sont également insuffisantes. A ce sujet, on souligne le rôle que peuvent exercer le médecin et l'hygiéniste du travail, l'infirmière, l'assistante sociale, les ingénieurs de la sécurité. Un second ordre de difficultés concerne l'évaluation exacte du risque et son atténuation, que ce soit à la source (petit nombre de spécialistes qualifiés), sur les voies de propagation (problèmes de transmission, de résonance, action synergique des bruits d'impact et des bruits continus), ou sur l'homme. Enfin, les problèmes d'ordre psycho-physiologiques sont abordés: attitude du public vis-à-vis du bruit, indifférence, importance de la motivation, etc. Pour vaincre ces difficultés, un changement d'attitude, une vraie prise de conscience sont indispensables.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sozial- und Präventivmedizin 22 (1977), S. 98-101 
    ISSN: 1420-911X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Struktur und Tätigkeiten des neuen Forschungszentrums für Arbeitsumgebung und chemische Umweltverunreinigungen werden beschrieben und diskutiert. Dabei wird unterstrichen, welche Vorteile diese erstmalige Organisationsstruktur für die überwachung und Verhütung kollektiver Gesundheitsrisiken bietet.
    Abstract: Summary The organisation and the services of the new Research Center for Occupational Environment and Chemical Pollutants are described and commented. The advantages of this original structure for the monitoring and the prevention of health hazards on a community level are emphasized.
    Notes: Résumé La structure et les activités du nouveau Centre de recherche sur l'environnement professionnel et les polluants chimiques sont décrites et commentées. L'intérêt que représente cette organisation originale du point de vue de la surveillance et de la prévention des risques pour la santé ou le bien-être d'un groupe d'individus ou d'une collectivité est souligné.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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