Note: Front Cover -- Biomass for Energy, Environment, Agriculture and Industry -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Part 1: Plenary Session -- Chapter 1. Poster Paper -- Chapter 2. Towards a Strategy for Development and Propagation of Bio-Energy in the Single European Market -- Bio-energy: an underrated energy source -- Functions of a European Biomass Strategy -- Recommendations for Future EU-Biomass Conferences -- Chapter 3. Towards a European BIO-ENERGY Strategy -- Policy Drivers -- Problems -- Why A European Bio-energy Strategy? -- Chapter 4. The Role of Biomass in the European Energy Policy - Keynote Address -- The Community Energy Policy -- The Important Role of Biomass in the Contribution of Renewable Energy -- The Resource -- Contribution of Biomass to the Energy Balances -- Targeted and Other Demonstration Projects -- Conclusions -- Chapter 5. Biomass in the Common Agricultural Policy -- 1. Background to the "Non-Food" Set-Aside Scheme -- 2. Legislation Governing the Non-Food Set-Aside Scheme -- 3. Bio-Fuels -- Detaxation -- 4. Blair House -- 5. Conclusions -- Chapter 6. Bioenergy R&D Strategy -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The present R&D programme JOULE II -- 3. R&D routes for the future -- 4. The example of gasification and pyrolysis -- 5. R&D options for biomass in the Commission's 4th Framework Programme 1994-1998 -- Conclusion -- Chapter 7. Environmental Issues and Biomass -- Biomass and Environment at the Global Level -- Biomass and Environment at Local Scale -- Biomass can be a source of pollution at local level but solutions and improvements are existing! -- Biomass and Environment at Regional Scale: A challenge! -- Conclusion -- Chapter 8. Excerpt of Biomass in North American Policies -- Historical Summary of Biomass Development -- Critique of Policies. , Chapter 9. Biomass in IEA: Implementing Agreements - A Perspective -- Introduction -- The Need for Biomass Research and Cooperation -- The Beginning (mid-70s) - Bioenergy Cooperation Under the Forestry Energy Agreement -- Forestry Energy Implementing Agreement - 1978-1986 -- The Transition (mid-80s) - Formal Transition to the IEA Bioenergy Agreement -- The Future (mid-90s and Beyond) - Future Bioenergy Implementing Agreement Activity -- Special Projects -- IEA Strategic Planning for 1995 and Beyond -- Vision -- Mission -- Chapter 10. Biomass in Developing Countries -- Introduction -- Main New Issues -- The Biomass Transition -- Opportunities -- Programme Proposals -- References -- Chapter 11. Biomass, Economic Competitivity and Social Implication -- Abstract -- Criteria For Competitivety -- General Remarks -- Environmental Taxes -- Production Costs and CO2 Abatement Costs -- Social Implication -- Conclusions -- References -- Part 2: Overview From Session Organizers -- Chapter 12. Resource Base -- Introduction -- Agricultural and Forestry Residues -- Energy Crops -- Short rotation forestry -- Agricultural energy crops -- Supply Issues -- Environmental Issues -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13. Energy Market Overview - Heat and Power -- Chapter 14. Biotechnical Research about Conversion of Biomass to Fuel, Chemicals and Fibers -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Fuels -- 3. Chemicals -- 4. Fibers -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 15. Research Into Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass Into Fuels, Chemicals and Fibres -- Abstract -- Principles of Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass -- Chemicals From Biomass -- Status and Economy of Thermochemical Conversion -- R & T Trends and Integration of Thermochemical Processes -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- Literature -- Chapter 16. Economics, Environment and Development. , An introduction to the presentations of the parallel session E on Economics, Environmental and Development -- Part 3: Closing Session -- Chapter 17. Session A: Resource Base -- Chapter 18. Session B: Electricity and Heat -- Where to concentrate efforts? -- Three Main Issues should be Focused on -- Advantages of Biomass -- Obstacles for Biomass Utilization -- Key Decisions -- R&D&D Efforts -- Biomass Success Histories -- Reconstruction of a Strong R&D&D -- Chapter 19. Session C: Transportation Fuels -- What was Presented? -- What is to do? -- Chapter 20. Session D1: Biotechnology -- Major advantages -- Obstacles -- Key Decisions -- Identification of R&D Priorities -- Minimum Goal in the Next Programme -- Chapter 21. Session D2: Chemicals and Products - Thermochemistry -- Highlights from the Conference -- Chapter 22. Session E: Economics, Environment and Development -- Chapter 23. An Energetic Future for Biomass in Europe: Conclusions from the Conference -- I. The Conference -- II. Background -- III. Conclusions -- IV. Implementation -- V. Practical Steps -- Chapter 24. Executive Summary Key Issues for Developing a Strategy -- What must be done to promote biomass in a context of low energy prices? -- Scope and Implications -- Advantages and drawbacks of biomass -- Driving Forces and Niche Markets -- Steps to be Taken -- Policy governing Research, Development, Demonstration and Dissemination -- Concluding Remarks -- Chapter 25. Laudatory Speech for Dr Giuliano Grassi 1994 Prize Winner of the, Johannes Linneborn Prize Awarded by the European Association Eurosolar, for Outstanding Merits in the Field of Biomass Development -- Part 4: Parallel Session A: Resource Base -- Chspter 26. Energy Cropping, Assessment of Potential and Good Management Practices -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Some theoretical background considerations. , 3. The regional energy balance -- 4. Criteria for good management practices -- 5. The proposed energy cropping systems on a regional scale -- 6.The OTA - recommendations for energy cropping -- 7. Outlook -- 8. References -- Chapter 27. Assessing the Energy Yield and Carbon Reduction Potential of Short Rotation Coppice Fuelwood -- Introduction -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 28. Short Rotation Coppice, Biofuels and Environment -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Results -- Conclusions -- Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 29. Seven Rotation Poplar Cultivation: Productivity, Harvest Products and Methods, Cultivation and Harvest Cost -Possibilities After Four Years of Studies -- Summary -- Introduction -- Planting and methods: Exploited Plots -- Results -- Harvesting cost -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Literature -- Chapter 30. Vegetation Filters of Willow for Purification of Waters and Soils -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Municipal wastewater treatment and sludge utilization -- Landfill leachate -- Mine deposits and contaminated land -- Handling of heavy metal rich ashes -- Planned investigations -- References -- Chapter 31. Machinery Options For Harvesting, Extracting and Comminuting Fuelwood From Short Rotation Forestry -- Abstract -- Background -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Assumptions -- Results -- Sensitivity analysis -- Labour inputs -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 32. Different Harvesting Techniques and Their Influence on Stool Survival and Resprouting in Salix Coppice Plantations -- Summary -- Introduction -- Materials and methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 33. The Production of Wood Fuel and Industrial Raw Material from Whole Tree Chips Using Massahake-Method -- Introduction. , Biomass - The Most Important Natural Resource in Finland -- Description of the Massahake-Method -- Experiments and Results -- Results -- Future Expectations -- References -- Chapter 34. CO2 Mitigation through Bioenergy from Forestry Substituting Fossil Energy -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Method of carbon balance -- 3. Carbon balance of bioenergy from forestry -- 4. Characteristic values and results -- 5. Other carbon implications of forestry -- 6. Conclusions -- 7. References -- 8. Acknowledgements -- Chapter 35. European Sweet SOrghum Network ESSON State of Art, Progress Report and Perspectives -- Chapter 36. Sweet Sorghum Harvesting Tests on Two Prototypes of Pasquali Macchine Agricoleand O.T.M.A. Firm -- Introduction -- Description of the Prototypes -- Test Methodology -- Test Results -- Study of the Operating Cost of the Two Prototype -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 37. Estimated Cost of Thermal Power from Cynara cardunculus Biomass in Spanish Conditions. Application to Electricity Production -- Introduction -- Agro-electrical Systems -- Conclusion -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 38. Evaluation of Miscanthus Productivity in North-Central Italy -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 39. Logistics of Harvest of Miscanthus sinensis Giganteus -- Introduction -- Method -- Models -- Results -- Conclusion -- Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 40. Miscanthus - The Future Biomass Crop for Energy and Industry -- Chapter 41. European Miscanthus Network -- Introduction -- Productivity Trials - Key Results -- Laboratory Experiments - Key Results -- Economic Analysis -- Industrial Analysis -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Part 5: Poster Session A: Resource Base -- Chapter 42. Energy from Lignocellulosic Biomass: Prospects for the EU -- Introduction. , Aim.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Tiltle Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- I: PRESENTATIONS BY EC CONTRACTORS -- Stabilisation of Si photoanodes by silicon oxynitride coatings: attempted synthesis of binuclear Co complexes for (photo)electrochemical reduction of C02 -- Studies on isolated plant pigment-protein complexes -- Primary reactions in plant photosynthetic reaction centers -- Immobilized photosynthetic systems for the production of ammonia and photocurrents -- II: PHOTOCHEMISTRY -- Towards the design of molecular photochemical devices based on ruthenium bipyridine photosensitizer units -- Photoinduced charge-separation in models for photosynthesis -- Electron transfer photosensitized by zinc porphyrins in reversed micelles -- Efficient visible light sensitization of T i02 by surface complexation with transition metal cyanides -- Photo-induced electron transfer reactions in polymer-bound ruthenium bipyridyl complexes -- Self organization and photofunctionalization of supramolecular systems: photosensitive polymeric monolayers, multilayers and liposomes -- Photogeneration of hydrogen: the photochemical way of storing solar energy -- Inorganic photosynthesis: the photofixation of the atmospheric dinitrogen on transition metal oxides -- Recent trends in the search for new photosensitizers -- Reactivity of C02 and related heterocumulenes towards transition metal compounds -- III: PHOTOELECTROCHEMISTRY -- Medium effects upon the stability of n-GaAs-based photoelectrochemical cells -- Unpinning of energy bands in photoelectrochemical cells: a consequence of surface chemistry and surface charge -- H202 production in a photoelectrochemical cell with Ti02 electrodes: reaction mechanisms and efficiency -- Adsorption experiments for modelling semiconductor/electrolyte interfaces -- IV: PHOTOBIOLOGY. , Cytochrome b-559 as a transducer of redox energy into acid-base energy in photosynthesis -- Variations in the carotenoid complement of the pigment-protein complexes of Rhodospirillum rubrum -- Towards an analogue of the bacterial photosynthetic reaction centre: synthesis of an oblique bis-porphyrin system containing a 1,10-phen-anthroline spacer -- Location and organisation of the chlorophyll-proteins of photosynthetic reaction centres in higher plants -- Phosphorylation processes interacting in vivo in the thylakoid membranes from C. reinhardtii -- Isolation and some properties of photosynthetic membrane vesicles en riched in photosystem I from the cyanobacterium Phormidium laminosum by a non-detergent method -- Outdoor culture of selected nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae for the production of high-quality biomass -- Hydrogen peroxide photoproduction by biological and chemical systems -- Current topics in the biochemistry of Fe-hydrogenases -- List of Participants.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Preface -- Recommendations from the Participants for Future Research in the EEC R & -- D Programme, DG XII -- Table of Contents -- I. PRESENTATIONS BY EC CONTRACTORS -- Electrochemical reduction of CO, by binuclear Co and Ni complexes -- Microsecond and nanosecond kinetics of isolated Photosystem 2 reaction centres studied by single photon counting and transient absorption -- Electron transfer in the Photosystem-I reaction center: evidence for a double reduction of Al -- Immobilized photosynthetic systems for conversion of light energy to chemical and electrical energies -- II. PHOTOCHEMISTRY -- Ru(II)-polypyridine complexes as photosensitizers and/or building blocks for the design of molecular devices -- Photochemically induced structural changes in multilayers and columnar systems -- Intramolecular energy transfer in polynuclear transition metal complexes -- Photochemical control of phase transitions and chromatic effects in liquid crystal polymers -- Building bridges for rapid intramolecular electron transfer processes -- Efficient photoinduced intramolecular energy transfer in an oblique bis-porphyrin system -- Electron- and energy transfer across rigid, saturated hydrocarbon bridges: molecular engineering of the bridge configuration -- A tungsten dithiolene as catalyst and photocatalyst -- III. PHOTOELECTROCHEMISTRY -- Artificial photosynthesis: very efficient visible light energy harvesting and conversion by spectral sensitization of fractal oxide semiconductor films (Abstract) -- Characterization of the illuminated GaAs/electrolyte interface by means of ellipsometric measurements -- Application of the quasi-Fermi level concept in studies of the photostability of semiconductor electrodes. , Kinetic model for water photooxidation and competitive reactions at n-TiO2 electrodes on the basis of RRDE, PT and EER experiments -- Electrochemical properties of ruthenium oxides and some photo-induced electron transfer reactions in perfluorinated (Nafion) ionomers -- IV. PHOTOBIOLOGY -- The structure and composition of the thylakoid membrane -- Isolation of the photosystem two reaction centre: a step forward in understanding how photosynthetic organisms split water -- The role of Ca2+ in Photosystem II -- Properties of the Photosystem 2 quinone binding region -- Towards an understanding of the physiological role of state transitions -- Unadjustments between primary and secondary electron transfer in photosynthesis -- Transduction of redox energy into acid-base energy by cytochrome b-559 at the coupling site between PS II and PS I in noncyclic photophosphorylation -- Three-dimensional structure of spinach Rubisco, a key enzyme in photosynthesis and photorespiration -- Effects of divalent metal chelators on the photosynthetic activity of intact and permeabilized Anacystis -- Effect of irradiance on productivity and pigment composition of nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae -- Use of the photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodobacter capsulatus, for the treatment of waste waters from food industry -- Solar generation of inorganic energy sources of chemoautotrophic bacteria for biomass production -- Bacterial hydrogenases from sulfate reducing bacteria: an as yet unexplored field for protein design and molecular modeling -- On the mechanism of electron transfer between proteins and glassy carbon -- List of Participants.