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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 129 (1985), S. 892-897 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The breeding biology of Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) was studied at Drescher Inlet (Antarctica) during the austral late winter and spring 1986. The whelping season was estimated to last about 40 days, with a peak in pupping at late October. No post natal mortality was observed during the whole study. The attachment between parous females and their pups was strong during the first five weeks after parturition. From the third week on mothers spent more time in the water than the pups. Data on daily peak haul-out time of pups, post natal presence of pups on the ice and distribution of births during the whelping season, indicate that censuses should be carried out between 12.00 hours and 16.00 hours local time and during three weeks after the peak of the pupping season. Pups weaned between 6 and 7 weeks of age. Hormone concentrations (oestradiol-17β and progesterone) indicated that females did not come into oestrus during lactation. Throughout the whole lactation period the mother dominates the relationship with her pup. Growth of the pups was linear during the first 5 weeks post partum, during which period birth weight (x=29.1kg) increased more than 3 1/2 times. Until the 6th week of age the pups gained on average 2.6 kg/day, the respective weight loss in cows was 5.8 kg/day. The latter represents an average loss of nearly 38% of the initial weight at parturition. During the course of lactation, suckling frequency decreased, whereas the length of each bout increased resulting in an approximately constant total suckling duration per week. Of the energy used by females during the first 5 weeks, 52% was consumed by pups. Pups only took milk and the cows did not feed at all during the whole period of observation. Therefore the realized growth in pups, 10 g/min of suckling, was totally derived from energy stored by the cows.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 307 (1984), S. 648-649 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Endothelial cells were collected from human umbilical vein5 and grown on glass coverslips previously coated with a layer of extracellular matrix6. This coating (achieved by precultivation of the coverslips with bovine corneal endothelial cells) was important in that it allowed the formation of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: β-adrenergic receptor ; cAMP ; Endothelial cells ; Smooth muscle cells ; Theophylline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Activation of vascularβ-adrenergic receptors prevents an increase in vascular permeability caused by free radicals or inflammatory peptides. Methylxanthines seem to have similar protective effects on vascular endothelium. In the present study we investigated the effect of theophylline on theβ-adrenergic receptor expression and cAMP concentrations in cultured endothelial and smooth muscle cells from bovine aorta. Comparable values forβ-receptor density and binding affinity were detected in both cell types. Isoproterenol induced significant downregulation ofβ-receptors in endothelial (BAEC: −60.5%) and smooth muscle cells (BASMC: −52.5%; P 〈 0.01). Incubation of endothelial cells with theophylline (4 µg/ml and 40 µg/ml) for 24 hours did not affectβ-receptor expression, whereas in smooth muscle cells theβ-receptor density was reduced for −31.5% and −28.7, respectively. In endothelial cells a transient effect on cAMP concentrations was observed after stimulation with isoproterenol (1 µM), but no effect was found in theophylline treated endothelial cells. Stimulation of intact smooth muscle cells with isoproterenol and theophylline (4 µg/ml and 40 µg/ml) resulted in a significant increase of cAMP concentrations after 60 and 240 minutes. The present data suggest a novel, celltype specific effect of theophylline on theβ-adrenergic receptor expression in vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 72 (1904), S. 373-382 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 224 (1977), S. 358-359 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 90 (1995), S. 435-442 
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: Human coronary endothelial cells ; patch-clamp ; inwardly rectifying K+ currents ; P2-purinoceptor ; ATP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The electrophysiological properties of human coronary endothelial cells (HCEC) of macro-and microvascular origin were studied using the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. The membrane potential of confluent HCEC(−41.9±3.9 mV (mean±SEM, n=32) for macro-and −33.6±22.6 mV (n=64) for microvascular cells, respectively) was less negative than the K+ equilibrium potential. Inward currents of isolated cells at potentials below the K+ equilibrium potential were blocked by external Ba2+ (1 mM), inactivated due to time- and voltage-dependent block caused by external Na+, and their amplitudes were enhanced by increasing extracellular [K+]; these currents were identified as inwardly rectifying K+ currents. Some isolated cells displayed outwardly directed K+ currents which were abolished after replacement of Cs+ for K+ on both sides of the membrane. Voltage-dependent Ca2+ currents could not be observed in isolated HCEC. Hyperpolarizations induced by vasoactive agonists have been observed in some endothelial cells from different species. In contrast, extracellularly applied ATP (adenosine-5′-triphosphate) and ADP (adenosine-5′-diphosphate) at micromolar concentrations depolarized confluent HCEC, whereas adenosine had no effect on resting potentials (RP), indicating that the nucleotide-induced depolarizations were mediated via P2-purinoceptors. These depolarizations occurred even after replacement of N-methyl-D-glucamine for extracellular Na+, indicating that Ca2+-influx was involved. There were no marked differences in the electrophysiological properties between cells of macro-and microvascular origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: Key words Glucocorticoids – human smooth muscle cells – neutral endopeptidase – protein kinase C
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP) degrades vasoactive peptides, including natriuretic peptides, kinins, angiotensins, and endothelins. It contributes to the regulation of vascular tone and body fluid homeostasis. In the present study the expression of NEP was investigated in cultured human smooth muscle cells derived from umbilical veins (HSMC) and human coronary arteries (HCSMC). A constitutive NEP expression was found in growing and starved smooth muscle cells and was about 4 fold higher than in endothelial cells derived from umbilical veins. Treatment of smooth muscle cells with dexamethasone (0.01–0.1 μM Dex) and with the protein kinase C activator, phorbol myristate acetate (0.1 μM PMA), increased NEP mRNA by 3–4 fold and two fold, respectively. Dexamethasone (0.1 μM) and prednisolone (0.1 μM) increased protein concentrations of NEP and NEP‐activity after 3 days and continued to increase at 5 days, whereas PMA induced maximal increase of NEP concentrations after 48 hours. The effect of dexamethasone was concentration‐dependent and was comletely abolished by cycloheximide (10 μM), a protein synthesis inhibitor. The effect of PMA on NEP protein was completely blocked by protein kinase C inhibitors, calphostin C and H7 (both 10 μM). NEP 24.11 is constitutively expressed in human smooth muscle cells from unbilical veins and coronary arteries and is upregulated by glucocorticoids and by protein kinase C activation in these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Endothelial cells – E-selectin – L-selectin – oxidized LDL ; Schlüsselwörter Endothelzellen – E-Selectin – L-Selectin – oxidierte LDL
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Während die zellulären Mechanismen der Pathogenese der Arteriosklerose intensiv untersucht worden sind, ist über die Mechanismen, die zu einer bevorzugten Lokalisation arteriosklerotischer Läsionen in bestimmten Gefäßarealen führen, weniger bekannt. Zur Untersuchung dieser Mechanismen wurden Endothelzellen aus menschlichen Koronararterien, einem Gefäßbereich, in dem häufig arteriosklerotische Läsionen beobachtet werden, isoliert und kultiviert. Endothelzellen der Mikrozirkulation menschlicher Herzen wurden unter gleichen Bedingungen kultiviert und die Reaktion beider Zellarten verglichen. Inkubation der Zellen mit den in bezug auf die Bildung arteriosklerotischer Plaques besonders pathogenen oxidierten LDL induzierte in makrovaskulären koronaren Endothelzellen eine stärkere Zunahme der PAI-1-Aktivität (182%, p 〈 0,05) als in mikrovaskulären Zellen (144%, p 〈 0,05), während nichtoxidierte n-LDL die sezernierte PAI-1-Aktivität nicht beeinflußten. Nach Stimulation mit Angiotensin II (10-11–10-5M) zeigte sich auf makrovaskulären koronaren Endothelzellen eine stärkere Expression des Adhäsionsmoleküls E-Selectin als auf mikrovaskulären Endothelzellen. Die Angiotensin-II-induzierte E-Selectin-Expression führte in vitro auch funktionell zu einer erhöhten Adhäsion von HL60-Zellen unter Flußbedingungen. Dagegen wurde die für die Leukozytenrekrutierung im Rahmen inflammatorischer Reaktionen wichtige L-Selectin-abhängige Adhäsion von Angiotensin II nicht induziert. Stimulation mit TNFα führte überwiegend an mikrovaskulären Endothelzellen zum Auftreten einer L-Selectin-abhängigen Adhäsion. Die unterschiedliche Reaktion mikro- und makrovaskulärer kardialer Endothelzellen bietet eine Möglichkeit, zellspezifische Differenzierung und präferentielle Lokalisation arteriosklerotischer Läsionen in makrovaskulären Gefäßbereichen einerseits und das Auftreten entzündlicher Reaktionen im Bereich der Mikrozirkulation andererseits zu erklären.
    Notes: Summary While the cellular mechanisms of atherosclerosis have been intensively studied, the mechanisms leading to preferential localization of atherosclerotic lesions are less well understood. To further define these mechanisms, endothelial cells from coronary arteries, i.e., vessels with frequent atheroscleritic lesions, were isolated and grown in vitro. In order to compare the reactions of both cell types, endothelial cells derived from microvessels of human hearts were isolated and cultured under identical conditions. Incubation of endothelial cells with oxidized LDL (75 μg/ml protein) induced a significant increase in PAI-1 activity (182%, p 〈 0.05) in coronary macrovascular endothelial cells. This stimulatory effect of ox-LDL was less significant in microvascular endothelial cells (144%, p 〈 0.05). n-LDL did not influence secreted PAI-1 activity. Stimulation with angiotensin II induced expression of E-selectin more effectively in coronary macrovascular than in microvascular endothelial cells. In addition, angiotensin II-induced E-selectin espression led to incresed E-selectin-dependent adhesion of HL60 cells to coronary macrovascular endothelial cells under flow conditions, while only little effect was observed with cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. In contrast, L-selectin-dependent adhesion, which has been shown to play an important role in inflammatory reactions, was preferentially observed in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells and could only be stimulated with TNFα, not by angiotensin II. Therefore, these cellular differences may in part explain specific properties of cardiac endothelial cells: Such that atherosclerotic lesions are localized in macrovascular vessel segments, whereas inflammatory responses are predominantly found in the microvasculature.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2013-02-09
    Description: Aims Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a reference standard imaging technique in assessment of cardiomyopathies due to the accurate measurement of cardiac volumes and mass. In clinical routine, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the standard first-line technique and is commonly used for follow-up. In this study we examined how CMR-derived measurement of left ventricular (LV) chamber dimensions and wall thickness correspond to TTE. Methods and results A total of 101 subjects underwent TTE and CMR (men, n = 67, mean age 62 ± 9 years) and formed a normal group ( n = 44), a group with dilated LV cavity ( n = 33; LV internal dimensions in end-diastole ≥ 52 mm) and a group with increased LV wall thickness ( n = 24; interventricular septum ≥ 12 mm, inferolateral wall both in end-diastole ≥ 12 mm). Standard TTE measurements of LV chamber and wall thickness were compared to CMR-derived values in the basal short-axis slice and the 3-chamber (3-CH) view. Interstudy reproducibility for CMR was done in 23 subjects. In all groups, there was a better agreement between TTE and 3-CH for all dimensions. The intraobserver and interobserver agreements were superior for 3-CH view. In addition, both CMR approaches showed sound interstudy reproducibility for all dimensions and in all groups. Conclusion We demonstrate a good agreement between CMR and TTE in LV chamber dimension and wall thickness measurements. We propose that with CMR using a 3-CH approach is superior in reproducibility and closer in concordance with TTE-derived values.
    Print ISSN: 1525-2167
    Electronic ISSN: 1532-2114
    Topics: Medicine
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