Note: Front Cover -- Photosynthesis: Development, Carbon Metabolism, and Plant Productivity -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Hans Gaffron (1902-1979): A Tribute -- Hans Gaffron. 1902-1979 -- Chapter 1. Introduction to Photosynthesis: Carbon Assimilation and Plant Productivity -- I. Introduction -- II. General Discussion -- III. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2. Introduction to Genetics and Molecular Biology of Photosynthetic Bacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Chloroplasts -- Chapter 3. Genetics and Molecular Biology of Photosynthetic Bacteria and Cyanobacteria -- I. Introduction -- II. Genetic Organization of Photosynthetic Prokaryotes -- III. Mutations Affecting Photosynthesis in the Rhodospirillaceae -- IV. Genetic Exchange Systems and Genetic Mapping -- V. Prospects for Applied Research -- VI. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 4. Molecular Biology of Chloroplasts -- I. Introduction -- II. The Chloroplast Genome -- III. Chloroplast Ribonucleic Acid -- IV. Evolution of the Chloroplast Genome -- V. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5. Biogenesis of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes -- I. Introduction -- II. Formation of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Facultative Phototrophic Bacteria -- III. Formation of the Eukaryotic Photosynthetic Membranes -- References -- Chapter 6. Carbon Dioxide Fixation Pathways in Plants and Bacteria -- I. Introduction -- II. The Reductive Pentose Phosphate Cycle -- III. The Four-Carbon (C4) Intermediate Pathways -- IV. Crassulacean Acid Metabolism -- V. Possibilities for Plant Yield Improvement -- VI. Carbon Dioxide Fixation in Photosynthetic Bacteria: Reductive Pentose Phosphate Cycle and Associated Reactions -- VII. Ferredoxin-Linked Carbon Dioxide Assimilation in Photosynthetic Bacteria. , VIII. Path of Carbon Dioxide Assimilation in Photosynthetic Green Bacteria -- IX. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 7. Photorespiration -- I. Introduction -- II. Photorespiration in C3 Plants -- III. Photorespiration in C4 Plants -- IV. Photorespiration in C3-C4 Intermediate Plants -- V. Photorespiration in Other Plants and Bacteria -- References -- Chapter 8. Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) -- I. Introduction -- II. Basic Phenomena of CAM -- III. The Metabolic Sequence of CAM -- IV. Gas Exchange Linked with CAM -- V. Ecology of CAM -- VI. Productivity of CAM Plants -- References -- Chapter 9. Environmental Regulation of Photosynthesis -- I. Introduction -- II. Analysis of Environmental Responses -- III. Control of Photosynthesis by Light Intensity -- IV. Control of Photosynthesis by Temperature -- V. Water Stress and Photosynthesis -- VI. Drought Resistance -- VII. Responses to Limiting Nutrients and Salinity -- VIII. Responses to Environmental Pollutants -- IX. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10. Translocation of Photosynthate -- I. Photosynthesis, Translocation, and Crop Yield: Introductory Considerations -- II. Relation between Translocation and Photosynthesis -- III. Potential Means of Controlling Export -- IV. Processes Affecting Export of Products of Photosynthesis -- V. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11. Predicting Photosynthesis -- I. Introduction -- II. Predicting Leaf Behavior -- III. Predicting Canopy Behavior -- IV. Biophysical Principles and General Philosophy -- V. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12. Prospects of Applying Knowledge of Photosynthesis toward Improving Crop Production -- I. Introduction -- II. Crop Capacity to Intercept Light -- III. Breeding for Photosynthesis Rate -- IV. Chemical Manipulation of Photosynthesis and Photorespiration -- V. Conclusions -- References. , Chapter 13. Global Photosynthesis in Relation to Our Food and Energy Needs -- I. The Argument -- II. Photosynthetic Productivity of the Biosphere -- III. Fossilized Photosynthesis for Fuel -- IV. The Global Carbon Cycle -- V. Interactions between Photosynthesis, Food, and Fuels -- VI. Conclusions: Photosynthetic Resources and Man's Future -- References -- Special Topics -- Chapter 14. Canopy Photosynthesis and Yield in Soybean -- I. Introduction -- II. Changes in Photosynthesis during the Day -- III. Effect of Plant Population -- IV. Effect of Shading -- V. Photosynthetic Conversion Efficiency -- VI. Discussion -- References -- Chapter 15. The Functional Role of Biocarbonate in Photosynthetic Light Reaction II -- I. Introduction -- II. Binding of CO2 to the Photosystem II Complex -- III. Dynamic Aspects of CO2 Binding -- IV. The Active Forms of CO2 -- V. Location of the CO2 Binding Site -- VI. Dual Effects of CO2 Depletion -- VII. Possible Roles for CO2 in Photosystem II Chemistry -- VIII. Sites of Action of CO2 -- IX. A Working Hypothesis: Hydrated CO2 as the Immediate Source of Photosynthetic O2 -- X. Labeling the 02-Evolving Precursor -- XI. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 16. Bicarbonate or Carbon Dioxide as a Requirement for Efficient Electron Transport on the Acceptor Side of Photosystem II -- I. Introduction -- II. A Site of HCO3 Action on the Acceptor Side but Not on the Donor Side of Photosystem II -- III. Postulated Effects of HCO3 on the Donor Side of Photosystem II -- IV. Conclusions -- References -- Index.

Note: Includes bibliographical references and index

Note: Intro -- CONTENTS -- From the series editor -- Preface -- Biographies of the editors -- Color plates -- I. Editorials -- Celebrating the Golden Jubilee of the 1952 Conference on Photosynthesis (Gatlinburg, Tennessee, USA) -- Celebrating the millennium - historical highlights of photosynthesis research, Part 1 -- Celebrating the millennium - historical highlights of photosynthesis research, Part 2 -- Celebrating the millennium - historical highlights of photosynthesis Research, Part 3 -- II. Overviews and Timelines -- History of the word photosynthesis and evolution of its definition -- In one era and out the other -- Time line of discoveries: anoxygenic bacterial photosynthesis -- Discoveries in oxygenic photosynthesis (1727-2003): a perspective -- III.Tributes -- 'And whose bright presence' - an appreciation of Robert Hill and his reaction -- The contributions of James Franck to photosynthesis research: a tribute -- Hydrogen metabolism of green algae: discovery and early research - a tribute to Hans Gaffron and his coworkers -- Samuel Ruben's contributions to research on photosynthesis and bacterial metabolism with radioactive carbon -- Contributions of Henrik Lundegårdh -- IV. Excitation Energy Transfer -- Photosynthetic exciton theory in the 1960s -- Excitation energy trapping in anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria -- Fluorescence lifetime, yield, energy transfer and spectrum in photosynthesis, 1950-1960 -- Visualization of excitation energy transfer processes in plants and algae -- Plastoquinone redox control of chloroplast thylakoid protein phosphorylation and distribution of excitation energy between photosystems: discovery, background, implications -- Excitation transfer between photosynthetic units: the 1964 experiment -- V. Reaction Centers -- Research on photosynthetic reaction centers from 1932 to 1987. , Chlorophyll chemistry before and after crystals of photosynthetic reaction centers -- Electron donors and acceptors in the initial steps of photosynthesis in purple bacteria: a personal account -- My daily constitutional in Martinsried -- The two-electron gate in photosynthetic bacteria -- Steps on the way to building blocks, topologies, crystals and X-ray structural analysis of Photosystems I and II of water-oxidizing photosynthesis -- The identification of the Photosystem II reaction center: a personal story -- The isolated Photosystem II reaction center: first attempts to directly measure the kinetics of primary charge separation -- Discovery of pheophytin function in the photosynthetic energy conversion as the primary electron acceptor of Photosystem II -- Engine of life and big bang of evolution: a personal perspective -- Role of bicarbonate at the acceptor side of Photosystem II -- Unraveling the Photosystem I reaction center: a history, or the sum of many efforts -- Photosystem I reaction center: past and future -- P430: a retrospective, 1971-2001 -- VI. Oxygen Evolution -- Apparatus and mechanism of photosynthetic oxygen evolution: a personal perspective -- Period-four oscillations of the flash-induced oxygen formation in photosynthesis -- Period four oscillations in chlorophyll a fluorescence -- Chloride and calcium in Photosystem II: from effects to enigma -- The bicarbonate effect, oxygen evolution, and the shadow of Otto Warburg -- Early indications for manganese oxidation state changes during photosynthetic oxygen production: a personal account -- VII. Light-Harvesting and Pigment-Protein Complexes -- Purple bacterial light-harvesting complexes: from dreams to structures -- The FMO protein -- Physical separation of chlorophyll-protein complexes -- How the chlorophyll-proteins got their names. , Phycobiliproteins and phycobilisomes: the early observations -- VIII. Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis -- Discovery and characterization of electron transfer proteins in the photosynthetic bacteria -- Membrane-anchored cytochrome c as an electron carrier in photosynthesis and respiration: past, present and future of an unexpected discovery -- The Q-cycle - a personal perspective -- The isolation of a functional cytochrome b 6 f complex: from lucky encounter to rewarding experiences -- Ironies in photosynthetic electron transport: a personal perspective -- The unfinished story of cytochrome f -- Early research on the role of plastocyanin in photosynthesis -- Irrungen, Wirrungen? The Mehler reaction in relation to cyclic electron transport in C3 plants -- Photophosphorylation and the chemiosmotic perspective -- Protons, proteins and ATP -- On why thylakoids energize ATP formation using either delocalized or localized proton gradients-aCa 2+ mediated role in thylakoid stress responses -- IX. Techniques and Applications -- The stopped-flow method and chemical intermediates in enzyme reactions - a personal essay -- The chequered history of the development and use of simultaneous equations for the accurate determination of chlorophylls a and b -- The contribution of photosynthetic pigments to the development of biochemical separation methods: 1900-1980 -- On some aspects of photosynthesis revealed by photoacoustic studies: a critical evaluation -- The history of photosynthetic thermoluminescence -- Trails of green alga hydrogen research - from Hans Gaffron to new frontiers -- Engineering the chloroplast encoded proteins of Chlamydomonas -- Pictorial demonstrations of photosynthesis -- X. Biogenesis and Membrane Architecture -- Membrane biogenesis in anoxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes. , Chloroplast structure: from chlorophyll granules to supra-molecular architecture of thylakoid membranes -- Changing concepts about the distribution of Photosystems I and II between grana-appressed and stroma-exposed thylakoid membranes -- Chloroplasts in living cells and the string-of-grana concept of chloroplast structure revisited -- From chloroplasts to chaperones: how one thing led to another -- XI. Reductive and Assimilatory Processes -- Acceptance of the Enrico Fermi Award by Martin Kamen (April 24, 1996) -- 'Every dogma has its day': a personal look at carbon metabolism in photosynthetic bacteria -- Research on carbon dioxide fixation in photosynthetic microorganisms (1971-present) -- Nitrogen fixation by photosynthetic bacteria -- Following the path of carbon in photosynthesis: a personal story -- Mapping the carbon reduction cycle: a personal retrospective -- Chloroplasts in envelopes: CO 2 fixation by fully functional intact chloroplasts -- Along the trail from Fraction I protein to Rubisco (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase) -- The discovery of Rubisco activase - yet another story of serendipity -- The ferredoxin/thioredoxin system: from discovery to molecular structures and beyond -- How is ferredoxin-NADP reductase involved in the NADP photoreduction of chloroplasts? -- C 4 photosynthesis: discovery and resolution -- Crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis: 'working the night shift' -- XII. Transport, Regulation and Adaptation -- Three decades in transport business: studies of metabolite transport in chloroplasts - a personal perspective -- The present model for chlororespiration -- Affixing the O to Rubisco: discovering the source of photorespiratory glycolate and its regulation -- Linking the xanthophyll cycle with thermal energy dissipation -- Photoinhibition - a historical perspective. , A molecular understanding of complementary chromatic adaptation -- Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria from extreme environments -- Light-induced behavioral responses ('phototaxis') in prokaryotes -- XIII.Genetics -- The early history of the genetics of photosynthetic bacteria: a personal account -- Photosynthesis genes and their expression in Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1: a tribute to my students and associates -- Regulation of photosystem synthesis in Rhodobacter capsulatus -- Photosynthesis research: advances through molecular biology - the beginnings, 1975-1980s and on... -- The three genomes of Chlamydomonas -- History of chloroplast genomics -- Gene-targeted and site-directed mutagenesis of photosynthesis genes in cyanobacteria -- XIV. Evolution -- Thinking about the evolution of photosynthesis -- Evolutionary relationships among photosynthetic bacteria -- On the natural selection and evolution of the aerobic phototrophic bacteria -- Prochlorophyta - a matter of class distinctions -- The archaeal concept and the world it lives in: a retrospective -- XV. Laboratories and National Perspectives -- The Laboratory of Photosynthesis and its successors at Gif-sur-Yvette, France -- Photosynthesis and the Charles F. Kettering Research Laboratory -- Chlorophyll isolation, structure and function: major landmarks of the early history of research in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union -- Studies of chlorophyll biosynthesis in Russia -- The beginnings of research on biophysics of photosynthesis and initial contributions made by Russian scientists to its development -- Photosynthesis research in Greece: a historical snapshot (1960-2001) -- Photosynthesis research in India: transition from yield physiology into molecular biology -- Photosynthesis research in the People's Republic of China -- XVI. Retrospectives. , Celebrating forty years of the conference on 'Photosynthetic Mechanisms of Green Plants' at Airlie House, Virginia, led by Bessel Kok and André Jagendorf.

Note: Front Cover -- Photosynthesis -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Dedication -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Bessel Kok (1918-1979): A Tribute, by George Cheniae and Jack Myers -- Part I: Introduction -- Chapter 1. Introduction to Photosynthesis: Energy Conversion by Plants and Bacteria -- I. Introduction -- II. Basic Concepts from Earlier Work -- III. Concluding Remarks -- IV. Literature -- References -- Chapter 2. Current Attitudes in Photosynthesis Research -- I. Introduction -- II. Reaction Centers -- III. Electron Transfer Out of the Reaction Center -- IV. The Electron Transport Chain -- V. Energy Transduction -- VI. Structure and Organization of the Photosynthetic Apparatus -- VII. Phylogenetic and Metabolic Comparison in Photosynthesis -- VIII. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Part II: Structure and Function -- Chapter 3. Photosynthetic Membrane Structure and Function -- I. Introduction -- II. Photosynthetic Bacteria -- III. Chloroplasts -- IV. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4. Orientation of Photosynthetic Pigments in Vivo -- I. Introduction -- II. Methodology -- III. Relative Orientation of Pigments within Isolated Photosynthetic Complexes -- IV. Orientation of Pigments with Respect to the Membrane Plane -- V. Local Order between Complexes in Photosynthetic Membranes -- VI. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5. Reaction Centers -- I. Introduction -- II. Photosynthetic Bacteria -- III. Green Plant Photosystems -- IV. Concluding Remarks -- V. Appendix -- References -- Part III: Primary Photochemistry -- Chapter 6. Electronic Structure and Function of Chlorophylls and Their Pheophytins -- I. Introduction -- II. Chemical Structures -- III. Self-Consistent Field Calculations -- IV. Canonical Molecular Orbitals -- V. Configuration Interaction Calculations -- VI. Singlet States -- VII. Triplet States. , VIII. Cation Radical States -- References -- Chapter 7. Chlorophyll Singlet Excitons -- I. Introduction -- II. Exciton Effects in Steady State Optical Spectra -- III. Exciton States of Antenna Chlorophyll-Proteins -- IV. Exciton Migration from Antenna to Reaction Center -- V. Exciton Effects in Picosecond Optical Spectra -- VI. Exciton Effects within Reaction Center Complexes -- References -- Chapter 8. Primary Photochemical Reactions -- I. Introduction: General Considerations -- II. Photosynthetic Bacteria -- III. Green Plants -- References -- Part IV: Electron Transport -- Chapter 9. Electron and Proton Transport -- I. Introduction -- II. Mechanism of Electron Transfer -- III. Properties of Quinones -- IV. Primary and Secondary Quinone Acceptors -- V. Cytochromes -- VI. The Electron Donors to P700 and P870 -- VII. Vectorial Electron Transport -- VIII. Protolytic Reactions -- References -- Chapter 10. Oxygen Evolution in Photosynthesis -- I. Introduction -- II. Substrate -- III. Energetics -- IV. Kinetics -- V. Chemistry -- References -- Chapter 11. Thermoluminiscence from Photosynthetic Apparatus -- I. Introduction -- II. Glow Curves -- III. Characteristics of Bands -- IV. Origin of Charges -- V. Temperature-Jump Luminescence -- References -- Part V: Photophosphorylation -- Chapter 12. Mechanism of ATP Synthesis -- I. Chemiosmotic Coupling -- II. Structural Organization of Coupling Reactions and Components -- III. The Transmembrane Electrochemical Hydrogen Ion Gradient -- IV. Stoichiometries of Photosynthetic Energy Conversion -- References -- Chapter 13. The Development of Electrochemical Potential Gradient across Photosynthetic Membranes -- I. Introduction -- II. The Membrane -- III. Measurement of Membrane Potential -- IV. Electrogenic Reactions in Thylakoids and Chromatophores -- V. Protolytic Reactions in Thylakoids and Chromatophores. , VI. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 14. Proton Translocating ATPases of Photosynthetic Membranes -- I. Introduction -- II. Function of ATPase Complexes -- III. Structure of ATPase Complexes -- IV. ATPase Activity of Coupling Factors -- V. Nucleotide Binding and Conformational Changes -- VI. Postulated Mechanisms -- References -- Part VI: Biosynthesis of Pigments -- Chapter 15. Biosynthesis of Pigments in Plants and Bacteria -- I. Introduction -- II. Detection, Putative Structure, and Distribution of Different Chlorophyll a and b in Green Plants -- III. Structure, Distribution, and Function of Bacterial Tetrapyrroles -- IV. Formation of the Chlorophyll a Pool in Green Plants -- V. Formation of the Chlorophyll b Pool in Green Plants -- VI. Regulation of the Chlorophyll Biosynthetic Pathway -- VII. Synthesis of Hemes and Bacteriochlorophyll in Photosynthetic Bacteria -- VIII. Regulation of Bacteriochlorophyll Synthesis -- IX. Synthesis of Phycobilins -- X. Formation of Prenyllipids (Including Carotenoids) -- References -- Index.

Note: Pareek_FM_O.pdf -- Pareek_Ch01_O.pdf -- Chapter 1 -- Abiotic Tolerance and Crop Improvement -- I Introduction -- A Hunter Evolves as Collector and Cultivator -- B Projected Food Demands -- C What Does Stress Mean to an Agriculturalist? -- II Types of Abiotic Stress in Plants -- III High Temperature Stress -- A Temperature Periodicity -- B Temperature-Induced Male Sterility -- C High Temperature and Heat Stress -- D Impact on Quality of the Harvest -- IV Cold and Frost Stress -- V Water Deficit Stress -- A Effect on Root Pattern -- B Effect on Development -- B Effect on Fertility Status -- C Tolerance to Moisture Stress -- VI Water Logging Stress -- A Flood Tolerance in Rice -- 1 Role of Root Aerenchyma -- B Effect on Fruit Crops -- VII Soil-Related Stresses -- A Impact on Soil Microbes -- VIII Climate Change and Stress in Plants -- IX Conclusions -- References -- Part1_O.pdf -- Pareek_Ch02_O.pdf -- Chapter 2 -- Sensors and Signal Transducers of Environmental Stress in Cyanobacteria -- I Introduction -- II Potential Sensors and Signal Transducers in Cyanobacteria -- III Involvement of Two-Component Regulatory Systems in Signal Perception and Transduction during Exposure to Environmental St -- A Positive and Negative Regulation of Gene Expression -- B Most Two-Component Systems Regulate Stress-Inducible Gene Expression in a Positive Manner -- 1 The Hik33-Rre26 System Regulates the Expression of Cold-Inducible Genes -- 2 Five Two-Component Systems Contribute to the Perception and Transduction of Salt-Stress and Hyperosmotic-Stress Signals bu -- 3 Hik33 is a Major Contributor to Signal Transduction during Oxidative Stress -- 4 Several Hiks Are Involved in the Perception and Transduction of Light-Stress Signals -- 5 The Hik7-Rre29 System Regulates Gene Expression in Response to Phosphate Limitation. , 6 The Hik30-Rre33 System Regulates Gene Expression in Response to Excess Nickel Ions -- C Negative Regulation and Its Involvement in the Transduction of Manganese-Limitation and Heat-Stress Signals -- 1 The Hik27-Rre16 System Negatively Regulates Gene Expression in Response to Manganese Limitation -- 2 Hik34 Is Involved in Control of the Heat-Stress Response -- 3 Hik20 Is Involved in the Regulation of Expression of the kpdABC Operon -- IV Other Potential Sensors and Transducers of Environmental Signals -- A Serine/Threonine Protein Kinases, Tyrosine Protein Kinases and Protein Phosphatases -- B Sigma Factors and Transcription Factors -- C Supercoiling of DNA Is Involved in the Perception of Stress Signals and the Regulation of Gene Expression -- V Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Pareek_Ch03_O.pdf -- Chapter 3 -- Stress Signaling I: The Role of Abscisic Acid (ABA) -- I Introduction -- II Initial Perception of the Stress -- III ABA Receptors -- A G Protein-Coupled Receptor-Like Protein -- B Genomes Uncoupled 5/Mg Chelatase H (GUN5/CHLH) -- C Flowering Control Locus A (FCA) -- D ABA Receptors in Animals -- IV Transduction of the Stress Signal -- A Second Messengers -- B MAPK Signaling Components -- C Sucrose Non-fermenting-Related Protein Kinase 2 (SnRK2) Proteins -- D Phosphatases -- E Protein Modification -- V Regulation of Abiotic Stresses at the Level of Gene Expression -- A Cis-Acting Elements for ABA-dependent Gene Expression -- Box 3.1 Systems Approaches to Stress Tolerance -- VI Responses to Temperature Stresses -- Cold Stress Responses -- B Heat Stress Responses -- VII Cross-Talk Between Abiotic and Biotic Stress Responses -- Box 3.2 Comparative Genomics Approaches to Stress Tolerance -- VIII Regulation of ABA Metabolism -- References -- Chapter 4 -- Stress Signaling II: Calcium Sensing and Signaling -- I Introduction. , II Calcium Signals -- A Calcium Signatures -- B Role of Calcium Signatures -- C Calcium Channels, Pumps and Transporters -- III Calcium Sensing and Signaling -- A Sensor Relays -- 1 Calmodulin and Calmodulin-Like Sensors -- 1.1 Biochemical Functions and Regulation of Calmodulin -- 1.2 Calmodulin and Calmodulin-Like in Abiotic Stresses -- 1.3 Calmodulin-Binding Proteins in Abiotic Stresses -- 2 Calcineurin B-Like Sensors -- 2.1 Structure and Functions of Calcineurin B-Like proteins in Abiotic Stresses -- 2.2 Calcineurin B-Like-Interacting Protein Kinases in Abiotic Stresses -- B Sensor Protein Kinases -- 1 Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases -- 1.1 Structure and Regulation of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases -- 1.2 Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases in Abiotic Stress Signaling -- 2 Calcium and Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases -- 3 Other Calcium-Binding Proteins -- IV Conclusions -- References -- Pareek_Ch05_O.pdf -- Chapter 5 -- Stress Signaling III: Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) -- I Introduction -- II ROS Production and Control -- A The Cytosol and ROS Movement -- B Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis -- C Peroxisomes and Photorespiration -- D Mitochondrial Respiration -- E Apoplastic ROS Production -- F Antioxidant Regulation -- III The Perception of ROS -- A Redox Regulation and ROS Perception -- B ROS Downstream Signaling Networks -- IV Insights from Genetic and Genomic Strategies -- A Genomics and Microarrays -- B Transgenic Approaches -- C 1O2 Signal Transduction -- V Conclusions -- References -- Pareek_Ch06_O.pdf -- Chapter 6 -- A Biotic or Abiotic Stress? -- I Introduction -- II Biotic Stress Versus Abiotic Stress -- III General Stress Response -- IV ABA and Jasmonic Acid: Usual Suspects for Interaction -- V New Points of Interaction -- A Auxin, Cytokinin and Brassinosteroids: New Stress Hormones? -- 1 Auxin -- 2 Cytokinin and Brassinosteroids. , B Salicylic Acid -- C DELLA Proteins as Central Integrators? -- Conclusions -- Box 6.1 Biotic Stress Pathways -- References -- Chapter 7 -- Protein Kinases and Phosphatases for Stress Signal Transduction in Plants1 -- I Introduction -- II Receptor-Like Kinases -- A Gene Families -- B Functions -- 1 Disease Resistance -- 2 Hormone Signaling -- 3 Plant Development -- III Mitogen Activated Protein (MAP) Kinases and MAPK Cascades -- A Gene Families -- 1 MAPKs -- 2 MAPKKs -- 3 MAPKKKs -- B Functions -- 1 Disease Resistance -- 2 Hormone Signaling -- 3 Abiotic Stress Signaling -- IV Calcium-Activated Protein Kinases -- A Gene Families -- 1 CDPKs -- 2 CRKs -- 3 CCaMKs and CaMKs -- 4 CIPKs and CBLs -- B Functions of the CBL-CIPK Complexes -- 1 Osmotic Stress -- 2 Potassium Deficiency -- 3 High pH -- 4 Salt Stress -- 5 Novel Stress-Related Interactions -- V Protein Phosphatases -- A Gene Families -- 1 Protein Phosphatase P -- 2 Protein Phosphatase M -- 3 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases -- B Functions -- 1 Hormone Signaling and Development -- 2 MAPK Interactions -- 3 Novel Interactions -- VI Conclusions -- References -- Pareek_Ch08_O.pdf -- Chapter 8 -- Nitrogen Source Influences Root to Shoot Signaling Under Drought -- I Introduction -- II Nitrogen Source and Availability Influences Signaling Under Drought -- A Ammonium and Nitrate Nutrition Methods -- B Ammonium and Nitrate Fertilization Alters Response to Drought -- III Charge Balance in the Xylem Accounts for Changes Induced by Nutrition and Drought -- IV Ammonium and Nitrate Grown Plants: Changes in Xylem Sap Composition -- A Ammonium Nutrition -- B Nitrate Nutrition -- V Conclusions -- References -- Part2_O.pdf -- Pareek_Ch09_O.pdf -- Chapter 9 -- Abiotic Stress Responses: Complexities in Gene Expression -- I Introduction -- II Signal Transduction Pathways Under Abiotic Stresses. , Box 9.1 The Major Signaling Pathways Operative Under Abiotic Stress in Plants -- MAPK Pathway -- LEA Genes -- SOS Pathway -- ABA Mediated Pathway -- III Resources for Identification of Novel Genes -- IV Genomics-based Approaches for Understanding the Response of Plants Towards Abiotic Stresses -- A Identification of QTLs for Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses -- B Analysis of Transcript Profiles: Transcriptomics -- 1 Transcriptome Analysis using High-Throughput Techniques -- 1.1 Differential Display PCR -- 1.2 cDNA-Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) -- 1.3 Subtractive Hybridization -- 1.4 Microarray -- 1.5 Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) -- 2 Transcriptional Profiling Reveals That Metabolic Re-Adjustment is a Hallmark of Abiotic Stress Response -- 2.1 Kinetics of Gene Expression Pattern: Early versus Late Responses -- 2.2 Kinetics of Gene Expression Patterns: Developmental Stage/Organ-specific Regulation -- 2.3 Cross Talk between Various Abiotic Stress Responses -- C Large Scale Study of Proteins: Proteomics -- D Metabolomics -- Box 9.2 Recent Techniques Being Used for Analysis of Stress Response in Plants -- Transcriptomics -- Differential Display PCR -- cDNA AFLP -- Subtractive Hybridization -- Microarray -- SAGE -- Box 9.3 Tools of Proteomics -- Gas Chromatography -- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy -- Yeast Two Hybrid System -- V Interactome -- A Interacting Partners of Two Component System -- B High Throughput Yeast Two Hybrid Analysis -- C Prediction of Protein-Protein Interactions Using Bioinformatics and Development of Protein Interactome Databases -- VI Future Prospects -- References -- Pareek_Ch10_O.pdf -- Chapter 10 -- Promoters and Transcription Factors in Abiotic Stress-Responsive Gene Expression -- I Introduction -- II Significant ABA-Independent Gene Expression Under Abiotic Stress. , A DREB1/CBFs: Major Transcription Factors that Regulate Many Cold-Inducible Genes Involved in Stress Tolerance.