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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MORE EFFICIENT PLANTS: A Consequence of Rising Atmospheric CO2? (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 48 (1997), S. 609-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-2519
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The primary effect of the response of plants to rising atmospheric CO2 (Ca) is to increase resource use efficiency. Elevated Ca reduces stomatal conductance and transpiration and improves water use efficiency, and at the same time it stimulates higher rates of photosynthesis and increases light-use efficiency. Acclimation of photosynthesis during long-term exposure to elevated Ca reduces key enzymes of the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle, and this increases nutrient use efficiency. Improved soil-water balance, increased carbon uptake in the shade, greater carbon to nitrogen ratio, and reduced nutrient quality for insect and animal grazers are all possibilities that have been observed in field studies of the effects of elevated Ca. These effects have major consequences for agriculture and native ecosystems in a world of rising atmospheric Ca and climate change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.48.1.609
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accelerated belowground C cycling in a managed agriforest ecosystem exposed to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 11 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: We investigated the effects of three elevated atmospheric CO2 levels on a Populus deltoides plantation at Biosphere 2 Laboratory in Oracle Arizona. Stable isotopes of carbon have been used as tracers to separate the carbon present before the CO2 treatments started (old C), from that fixed after CO2 treatments began (new C). Tree growth at elevated [CO2] increased inputs to soil organic matter (SOM) by increasing the production of fine roots and accelerating the rate of root C turnover. However, soil carbon content decreased as [CO2] in the atmosphere increased and inputs of new C were not found in SOM. Consequently, the rates of soil respiration increased by 141% and 176% in the 800 and 1200 μL L−1 plantations, respectively, when compared with ambient [CO2] after 4 years of exposure. However, the increase in decomposition of old SOM (i.e. already present when CO2 treatments began) accounted for 72% and 69% of the increase in soil respiration seen under elevated [CO2]. This resulted in a net loss of soil C at a rate that was between 10 and 20 times faster at elevated [CO2] than at ambient conditions. The inability to retain new and old C in the soil may stem from the lack of stabilization of SOM, allowing for its rapid decomposition by soil heterotrophs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00984.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acclimation of photosynthesis, respiration and ecosystem carbon flux of a wetland on Chesapeake Bay, Maryland to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 187 (1995), S. 111-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: acclimation ; ecosystem carbon balance ; elevated CO2 ; global change ; photosynthesis ; respiration ; soil carbon ; soil organic matter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Acclimation of photosynthesis and respiration in shoots and ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (C a ) was studied in a brackish wetland. Open top chambers were used to create test atmospheres of normal ambient and elevated C a (=normal ambient + 34 Pa CO2) over mono-specific stands of the C3 sedge Scirpus olneyi, the dominant C3 species in the wetland ecosystem, throughout each growing season since April of 1987. Acclimation of photosynthesis and respiration were evaluated by measurements of gas exchange in excised shoots. The impact of elevated C a on the accumulation of carbon in the ecosystem was determined by ecosystem gas exchange measurements made using the open top chamber as a cuvette. Elevated C a increased carbohydrate and reduced Rubisco and soluble protein concentrations as well as photosynthetic capacity(A) and dark respiration (R d ; dry weight basis) in excised shoots and canopies (leaf area area basis) of Scirpus olneyi. Nevertheless, the rate of photosynthesis was stimulated 53% in shoots and 30% in canopies growing in elevated C a compared to normal ambient concentration. Elevated C a inhibited R d measured in excised shoots (−19 to −40%) and in seasonally integrated ecosystem respiration (R e ; −36 to −57%). Growth of shoots in elevated C a was stimulated 14–21%, but this effect was not statistically significant at peak standing biomass in midseason. Although the effect of elevated C a on growth of shoots was relatively small, the combined effect of increased number of shoots and stimulation of photosynthesis produced a 30% stimulation in seasonally integrated gross primary production (GPP). The stimulation of photosynthesis and inhibition of respiration by elevated C a increased net ecosystem production (NEP=GPP−R e ) 59% in 1993 and 50% in 1994. While this study consistently showed that elevated C a produced a significant increase in NEP, we have not identified a correspondingly large pool of carbon below ground.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017084
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
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    Water stable isotopes and associated salinity measurements in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago from 17 July – 04 August 2019 (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-31
    Description: The relationship between δ¹⁸O and salinity has been widely studied because it can provide crucial information on the partitioning of isotopes through the hydrological cycle. Current understanding of δ¹⁸O-S characteristics has been used to constrain water cycle models, isotope-enabled atmospheric and ocean models as well as to monitor evaporation (E) and precipitation (P) changes in major ocean basins. However, in the polar regions, where large spatial and temporal variabilities in δ¹⁸O and salinity are expected due to the highly seasonal sea ice melting/formation, river runoff, E-P intensification and rapidly changing summer ice minimum, uncertainties still surround the δ¹⁸O-Salinity relationship. To observe the inputs of freshwater in a poorly-understood, but vastly changing region in the Arctic, we collected matching δ¹⁸O-Salinity data from discrete samples from the surface (bucket sampling) and from profiles (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) casts) in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) during the Northwest Passage expedition aboard the RV Oden last 17 July – 04 August 2019. Matching δ¹⁸O-Salinity measurements were also obtained from ice core samples as well as from a precipitation event during the cruise. Here, we present more than 200 new and paired δ¹⁸O-Salinity measurements to help represent water mass end-members for freshwater budgeting as well as understanding the changes in the CAA's hydrologic cycle.
    Keywords: CTD profile; ice core isotopes; Northwest Passage Project; NPP; precipitation isotopes; Salinity; surface salinity; water stable isotopes
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 5
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    Precipitation stable isotopes (¹⁸O and D) and salinity in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in the summer of 2019 (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-31
    Description: This data contains one (1) geolocated water stable isotope measurement from one (1) rain event on 29 July 2019. Shipboard rain samples were collected in a separatory funnel filled with a layer of mineral oil to prevent evaporation. Water samples were transferred to a 30-mL Nalgene bottles that were filled to the brim. Bottles were tightly closed, sealed with parafilm, and placed inside sampling bags. It was then transported to the Atmosphere, Climate, and Ecosystems lab at the University of Illinois at Chicago for processing. The δ¹⁸O and dD were measured using a Picarro l2130-I CRDS water isotope analyzer with a wire mesh inserted in the vaporizer inlet. Fifteen injections were made for each sample and necessary corrections to address 'memory effect' were employed. Measurements were normalized using the dD and δ¹⁸O values of internal water standards. Header includes event, latitude, longitude, sampling date, campaign, sampling method, location, isotope analyzer, ¹⁸O values (‰) and D values (‰).
    Keywords: CAA; Canadian Arctic Archipelago; Date/Time of event; Isotope analyzer L2130-i, Picarro Inc.; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Northwest Passage Project; NPP; NPP19precip; Oden; Oden1907; precipitation isotopes; RAIN; Rain water collector; Salinity; water stable isotopes; δ18O, water; δ Deuterium, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2 data points
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  • 6
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    Surface water stable isotopes (¹⁸O and D) and salinity in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in the summer of 2019 (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-31
    Description: This data contains 63 geolocated water stable isotopes and salinity measurements from the surface of the ocean along the RV Oden cruise track. Surface seawater sampling was conducted using bucket sampling. This was done by throwing a weighted bucket offboard to sample the surface of the ocean every six (6) hours. Chosen times were 5:00, 11:00, 17:00, and 23:00. Multiple readings of sea surface salinity were recorded using a YSI professional series digital probe per sampling Water samples were transferred to a 30-mL Nalgene bottles that were filled to the brim. Bottles were tightly closed, sealed with parafilm, and placed inside sampling bags. Two samples were collected per sampling point, and all measurements were geolocated. A total of 126 samples were collected from 19 July – 04 August 2019. All water samples were transported to the Atmosphere, Climate, and Ecosystems lab at the University of Illinois at Chicago for processing. The δ¹⁸O and dD were measured using a Picarro l2130-I CRDS water isotope analyzer with a wire mesh inserted in the vaporizer inlet to trap salt from the seawater. Fifteen injections were made for each sample and necessary corrections to address 'memory effect' were employed. Measurements were normalized using the dD and δ¹⁸O values of internal water standards. Data table header includes the event, latitude, longitude, sampling date, campaign, sampling method, location, isotope analyzer model, salinity sensor, ¹⁸O values (‰), D values (‰), and salinity values (psu).
    Keywords: BUCKET; Bucket water sampling; CAA; Canadian Arctic Archipelago; Date/Time of event; Event label; Isotope analyzer L2130-i, Picarro Inc.; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Northwest Passage Project; NPP; NPP19surface_station_1; NPP19surface_station_10; NPP19surface_station_11; NPP19surface_station_12; NPP19surface_station_13; NPP19surface_station_14; NPP19surface_station_15; NPP19surface_station_16; NPP19surface_station_17; NPP19surface_station_18; NPP19surface_station_19; NPP19surface_station_2; NPP19surface_station_20; NPP19surface_station_21; NPP19surface_station_22; NPP19surface_station_23; NPP19surface_station_24; NPP19surface_station_25; NPP19surface_station_26; NPP19surface_station_27; NPP19surface_station_28; NPP19surface_station_29; NPP19surface_station_3; NPP19surface_station_30; NPP19surface_station_31; NPP19surface_station_32; NPP19surface_station_33; NPP19surface_station_34; NPP19surface_station_35; NPP19surface_station_36; NPP19surface_station_37; NPP19surface_station_38; NPP19surface_station_39; NPP19surface_station_4; NPP19surface_station_40; NPP19surface_station_41; NPP19surface_station_42; NPP19surface_station_43; NPP19surface_station_44; NPP19surface_station_45; NPP19surface_station_46; NPP19surface_station_47; NPP19surface_station_48; NPP19surface_station_49; NPP19surface_station_5; NPP19surface_station_50; NPP19surface_station_51; NPP19surface_station_52; NPP19surface_station_53; NPP19surface_station_54; NPP19surface_station_55; NPP19surface_station_56; NPP19surface_station_57; NPP19surface_station_58; NPP19surface_station_59; NPP19surface_station_6; NPP19surface_station_60; NPP19surface_station_61; NPP19surface_station_62; NPP19surface_station_63; NPP19surface_station_7; NPP19surface_station_8; NPP19surface_station_9; Oden; Oden1907; Salinity; surface salinity; water stable isotopes; YSI Professional Plus Multiparameter Instrument; YSI Pro Plus; δ18O, water; δ Deuterium, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 189 data points
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  • 7
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    Ice core water stable isotopes (¹⁸O and D) and salinity in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in the summer of 2019 (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-31
    Description: This data contains ten (10) geolocated water stable isotopes and salinity measurements from three (3) sea ice cores collected during the cruise. Sea ice core sampling was conducted for three (3) ice coring stations. A sea ice core drill was used to collect the cores. Total length of each core was recorded as well as the temperature per 10 cm interval. The cores were then sectioned per 20 cm and the sections were thawed in different Marvin bottles. Once thawed, multiple water salinity measurements were taken using a YSI professional series digital probe. Water samples were transferred to a 30-mL Nalgene bottles that were filled to the brim. Bottles were tightly closed, sealed with parafilm, and placed inside sampling bags. A total of ten (10) samples were collected from the ice core collected. All water samples were transported to the Atmosphere, Climate, and Ecosystems lab at the University of Illinois at Chicago for processing. The δ¹⁸O and dD were measured using a Picarro l2130-I CRDS water isotope analyzer with a wire mesh inserted in the vaporizer inlet to trap salt from the seawater. Fifteen injections were made for each sample and necessary corrections to address 'memory effect' were employed. Measurements were normalized using the dD and δ¹⁸O values of internal water standards. Header includes following details: event, core segment (cm), latitude, longitude, sampling date, campaign, sampling method, location, isotope analyzer, salinity sensor, ¹⁸O values (‰), D values (‰), salinity values (psu).
    Keywords: CAA; Canadian Arctic Archipelago; Date/Time of event; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, ice/snow; Depth, top/min; Event label; ice core isotopes; Ice drilling corer (Kovacs); Isotope analyzer L2130-i, Picarro Inc.; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Northwest Passage Project; NPP; NPP19icecore_station_2; NPP19icecore_station_4; NPP19icecore_station_5; Oden; Oden1907; Salinity; water stable isotopes; YSI Professional Plus Multiparameter Instrument; YSI Pro Plus; δ18O, water; δ Deuterium, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 74 data points
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    Water column stable isotopes (¹⁸O and D), salinity, and temperature in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in the summer of 2019 (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-27
    Description: This data contains 125 geolocated water stable isotope, salinity, and temperature measurements from niskin bottle samples at varying depths from 52 Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) casts along the RV Oden cruise track. The CTD rosette water sampling was conducted following the CLIVAR/GO-SHIP protocol with a 'water cop' keeping track of the sampling order. Sampling for gases goes first, followed by nutrients, water stable isotopes, and then microbiological and DNA sampling during each cast. Samples for water stable isotopes analyses were collected by filling 30-mL Nalgene bottles to the brim. Bottles were closed tightly, sealed with parafilm, and stored in a labeled sample bag. Sampling depths chosen were based on the profile, location, and whether samples were collected for nutrients. Two samples were collected per depth. A total of 250 samples were collected from the 52 CTD casts from 19 July – 04 August 2019. The corresponding salinity and temperature measurements per sampling depth were collected from the CTD data. All water samples were transported to the Atmosphere, Climate, and Ecosystems lab at the University of Illinois at Chicago for processing. The δ¹⁸O and dD were measured using a Picarro l2130-I CRDS water isotope analyzer with a wire mesh inserted in the vaporizer inlet to trap salt from the seawater. Fifteen injections were made for each sample and necessary corrections to address 'memory effect' were employed. Measurements were normalized using the dD and δ¹⁸O values of internal water standards. Data table header includes the event, depth (m) latitude, longitude, sampling date, campaign, sampling method, location, isotope analyzer, salinity and temperature sensor, ¹⁸O values (‰), D values (‰), salinity values (psu), and temperature values (°C).
    Keywords: CAA; Canadian Arctic Archipelago; CTD; CTD, Sea-Bird SBE 911plus; CTD profile; Date/Time of event; DEPTH, water; Event label; Isotope analyzer L2130-i, Picarro Inc.; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Northwest Passage Project; NPP; NPP19profile_station_1; NPP19profile_station_10; NPP19profile_station_11; NPP19profile_station_12; NPP19profile_station_13; NPP19profile_station_14; NPP19profile_station_15; NPP19profile_station_16; NPP19profile_station_18; NPP19profile_station_19; NPP19profile_station_2; NPP19profile_station_20; NPP19profile_station_21; NPP19profile_station_23; NPP19profile_station_24; NPP19profile_station_25; NPP19profile_station_26; NPP19profile_station_27; NPP19profile_station_28; NPP19profile_station_29; NPP19profile_station_30; NPP19profile_station_31; NPP19profile_station_32; NPP19profile_station_34; NPP19profile_station_35; NPP19profile_station_36; NPP19profile_station_39; NPP19profile_station_40; NPP19profile_station_41; NPP19profile_station_43; NPP19profile_station_45; NPP19profile_station_46; NPP19profile_station_5; NPP19profile_station_51; NPP19profile_station_52; NPP19profile_station_6; NPP19profile_station_7; NPP19profile_station_8; NPP19profile_station_9; Oden; Oden1907; Salinity; Temperature, water; water stable isotopes; δ18O, water; δ Deuterium, water
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 500 data points
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