Description: In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the “Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion.

Description: The HYDROCOASTAL project aims to enhance our understanding of interactions between the inland water and coastal zone, between the coastal zone and the open ocean, and the small-scale processes that govern these interactions. To achieve these aims, the HYDROCOASTAL project team has developed and implemented new SAR altimeter processing algorithms for the coastal zone and inland waters, and with these processed Sentinel 3A, 3B and Cryosat-2 data to generate an initial 2-year Test Data Set for selected regions. The performance of these new algorithms has been evaluated, by statistical analyses and comparison against in situ data. From this analysis, the best performing algorithms have been identified and implemented in a processing scheme to generate a global scale coastal zone and inland water SAR altimeter data set A series of case studies have assessed these products in terms of their scientific impacts. All the produced data sets will be available on request to external researchers, and full descriptions of the processing algorithms are available via the project web-site. The presentation will provide an overview of the project, and present key results from the coastal zone studies, which have investigated the potential scientific impact and benefits of the new data set in understanding processes in six different coastal regions, including the Severn Estuary in the UK; The German Bight, Southern Baltic and Elbe Estuary; The Venice Lagoon; The Thailand Coast; The Ebro River and Delta, and the Wadden Sea.

Description: Time series of sea level data in the polar regions are a challenging task due to the presence of sea ice and severe weather conditions during most of the year. Long-term sea level measurements are crucial for sea level trend analysis under a climate change scenario, and for establishing the reference level for many applications. These records are obtained using in-situ tide gauges and, since the 1990s, satellite altimetry. The main aim of this work is the validation of Copernicus Sentinel-3B SAR altimetry data using a ground-truth station (pressure sensor) located in Livingston Island (South Shetland archipelago, about 100 km away from the Antarctic Peninsula). Time series of sea level span 4 years: from November 2018 to December 2022. Altimetry data are from the repository available in the European Space Agency Earth Console Parallel Processing Service (P-PRO). They are obtained in the crossover of two tracks (ascending orbit #0374 and descending #0109) near the tide gauge station (about 15 km). The in-situ station is deployed off the coast of Johnson Cove, on a small cove at the foot of a glacier in Livingston Island (62°39'38.70"S; 60°22'11.62"W). The time series of sea surface heights (not corrected by tidal effects) are referred to the WGS84 ellipsoid, allowing an absolute comparison of the records. Preliminary qualitative analysis shows a very good level of agreement between both datasets.