Anmerkung: Intro -- Contents -- Plate section -- List of contributors -- Abbreviations -- 1. Cell cycle checkpoints: safe passage through mitosis -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Activation of the mitotic CDK controls entry into mitosis -- 2.1 Activation of mitotic CDK requires an association with cyclin -- 2.2 The APC mediates cyclin degradation and sister chromosome separation -- 2.3 Proteins that negatively regulate CDK activity -- 2.4 Post-translational phosphorylation regulates mitotic CDK activity -- 3. Cell cycle checkpoints -- 3.1 Mutational analysis identifies RAD9 as a DNA damage checkpoint -- 3.2 Checkpoints monitor many cellular events and involve signal transduction pathways that link delays in the cell cycle to repair processes -- 3.3 Ambiguities in the concept of cell cycle checkpoints -- 4. Lessons from budding yeast: the role of checkpoints in monitoring the completion of S phase and DNA damage -- 4.1 Synthetic lethal screens provide an efficient means of identifying additional checkpoint mutations -- 4.2 Detecting DNA damage -- 4.3 Monitoring completion of S phase -- 4.4 Signal transduction -- 4.5 p53 is a mammalian checkpoint gene that functions during G[sub(1)]-S and G[sub(2)]-M -- 4.6 The mammalian p53 gene is involved in a spindle assembly checkpoint -- 4.7 Arresting the cell cycle -- 4.8 Adaptation releases checkpoint-induced arrest -- 5. The role of checkpoints in monitoring spindle assembly -- 5.1 Genetic identification of the spindle assembly checkpoint -- 5.2 Spindle checkpoints monitor the state of the kinetochore -- 5.3 Tension is monitored by the spindle assembly checkpoint -- 5.4 Molecular changes at the kinetochore in response to tension -- 5.5 In some cells, free kinetochores rather than tension activate the spindle assembly checkpoint -- 5.6 The MAD and BUB genes are involved in different steps of the spindle assembly checkpoint. , 5.7 MAP kinase is required for the spindle assembly checkpoint in cell cycle extracts -- 5.8 The APC may be the target of the spindle assembly checkpoint -- 6. The role of checkpoints in the initial embryonic cell cycles -- 6.1 Relative timing of mitotic events may be the primary mechanism maintaining fidelity of division in early Xenopus embryos -- 6.2 Checkpoint control mechanisms are present but not activated in early Xenopus embryos -- 6.3 The syncytial Drosophila nuclear cycles exhibit a number of dependency relationships -- 6.4 A DNA replication/DNA damage checkpoint may operate during the late syncytial divisions of Drosophila -- 6.5 In the syncytial Drosophila embryo, checkpoints link delays in the cell cycle to nuclear elimination -- 7. Future directions -- References -- 2. Mitotic changes in the nuclear envelope -- 1. Overview -- 2. The nuclear lamina and membrane -- 2.1 Changes to the nuclear lamina at mitosis -- 2.2 Lamin-associated proteins -- 2.3 Regulation of nuclear membrane dynamics by phosphorylation -- 2.4 Disassembly of the lamina and nuclear membrane -- 3. Nuclear pore complexes -- 4. Reassembly of the nuclear envelope -- 5. Nuclear pore assembly -- 6. Future directions -- References -- 3. Poles apart? Spindle pole bodies and centrosomes differ in ultrastructure yet their function and regulation are conserved -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ultrastructure of the spindle poles -- 2.1 The spindle pole bodies of fungi -- 2.2 Animal cell centrosomes -- 3. Components of polar MTOCs and their function -- 3.1 The gammasome -- 3.2 Units of self-assembly in the budding yeast SPB -- 3.3 Yeast SPB components identified through genetic screening -- 3.4 Components of the SPB in S. pombe -- 3.5 Components of animal cell centrosomes -- 4. Duplication cycles -- 4.1 SPB duplication and separation in S. cerevisiae. , 4.2 The centrosome cycle: maturation of the centriole -- 4.3 Co-ordination of the centrosome cycle with the cell cycle -- 4.4 Centrosome separation -- 5. Conclusions and perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4. Microtubule dynamics, molecular motors, and chromosome behavior -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Microtubule dynamics during the cell cycle -- 2.1 Microtubule dynamics in vitro -- 2.2 Microtubule dynamics in vivo -- 2.3 Regulation of microtubule dynamics during the cell cycle -- 3. Chromosome movements during mitosis -- 3.1 Microtubule dynamics at kinetochores and chromosome movements -- 3.2 The role of chromosome arms in chromosome movements -- 4. Role of kinetochores and chromosome arms in spindle assembly -- 4.1 Role of kinetochores in spindle assembly -- 4.2 Role of chromosome arms in spindle assembly -- 4.3 Molecular basis of the effect of chromosome arms on spindle assembly -- 5. The importance of motor localizations in spindle assembly and function -- 5.1 Targeting by stereospecific interactions -- 5.2 Control of targeting by phosphorylation -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- 5. A moveable feast: the centromere-kinetochore complex in cell division -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Centromere structure -- 2.1 S. cerevisiae -- 2.2 S. pombe -- 2.3 Metazoan centromeres -- 2.4 Centromere proteins -- 2.5 Chromatin structure and the epigenetic centromere -- 3. Microtubule binding and motor function -- 3.1 A multitude of motors -- 3.2 Kinetochores and microtubule dynamics -- 3.3 What is the primary kinetochore-microtubule contact? -- 4. Chromatid cohesion -- 4.1 DNA topoisomerase II -- 4.2 Centromeric cohesion proteins -- 4.3 Proteolysis and chromatin cohesion -- 5. Regulatory properties of centromeres -- 5.1 Mechanoregulation by kinetochores -- 5.2 Kinetochore structure as a process -- 6. Conclusions and perspectives -- Acknowledgements. , References -- 6. Telomeres: structure, synthesis, and cell cycle regulation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Telomerase -- 2.1 The RNA subunit of telomerase -- 2.2 Protein subunits of telomerase -- 2.3 Telomerase biochemistry -- 3. Coordination of telomere replication with semi-conservative DNA replication -- 3.1 The consequence of leading and lagging strand DNA synthesis for linear chromosomes -- 3.2 Is telomerase action coordinated with the primary replication machinery? -- 4. Telomeric chromatin and telomere-binding proteins -- 4.1 Proteins that bind double-stranded telomeric DNA -- 4.2 The yeast Rap1 protein recruits a silencing complex -- 4.3 Proteins that bind single-stranded telomeric DNA -- 4.4 Regulation of telomeric proteins -- 4.5 Other proteins that act at the telomere -- 5. Telomeres and telomerase regulation in mammals: the telomere hypotheses of cancer and aging -- 6. Alternative pathways for telomere maintenance -- 7. Future perspectives -- References -- 7. Meiosis: chromosome behavior and spindle dynamics -- 1. General features of meiosis -- 2. Chromosome pairing, synapsis, and movement -- 2.1 Homolog synapsis and disjunction -- 2.2 Non-recombinant chromosomes disjoin normally in meiosis I -- 2.3 Chromosome segregation in meiosis -- 3. Spindle assembly and dynamics -- 3.1 Meiotic spindle structure -- 3.2 Assembly of a bipolar meiotic spindle -- 3.3 Meiotic spindle dynamics -- 3.4 Cell cycle regulation of the meiotic divisions -- 4. Conclusions and future prospects -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8. Inheritance of the cytoplasm during cell division -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Defining inheritance -- 3. Biogenesis -- 3.1 Clues from disassembly/reassembly of the Golgi apparatus -- 3.2 Growth and division of the Golgi stack -- 3.3 Templated growth: the budding yeast vacuole -- 4. Partitioning of the cytoplasm. , 4.1 Ultrastructural view of Golgi partitioning -- 4.2 Cell-free systems -- 4.3 Analysis of Golgi partitioning using green fluorescent protein -- 4.4 Semi-ordered partitioning -- 5. Conclusions and future directions -- References -- 9. Cytokinesis -- 1. Introduction -- 2. How do cells know where to place the cleavage furrow? -- 2.1 Cleavage site determination in animal cells -- 2.2 Division site determination in Schizosaccharomyces pombe -- 2.3 Division site determination in S. cerevisiae -- 2.4 Is a unified view of the control of contractile ring location possible? -- 3. How do cells know when to begin cleavage? -- 3.1 When is the signal transmitted? -- 3.2 Cytokinesis and cell cycle controls -- 4. What events link cytokinetic initiation signals with elaboration of the contractile ring? -- 4.1 Calcium in cytokinetic signal transduction -- 4.2 The role of Rho-family G proteins in cytokinesis -- 5. How is the contractile ring assembled and how does it function? -- 5.1 Actin at the cleavage furrow -- 5.2 The role of myosin in cytokinesis -- 5.3 The role of septins in cytokinesis -- 5.4 Other cytoskeletal proteins at the cleavage furrow -- 5.5 Processes related to cytokinesis -- 6. What do we still need to learn about cytokinesis? -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- W -- X -- Z.

Anmerkung: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources , Cover; Title; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Preface; 1 Resources, MATLAB primer, and introduction to linear algebra; 1.1 Resources; 1.2 Nomenclature; 1.3 A MATLAB primer; 1.4 Basic linear algebra; 1.5 Problems; 2 Measurement theory, probability distributions, error propagation and analysis; 2.1 Measurement theory; 2.1.1 Systems of measurements (scales); 2.1.2 Precision versus accuracy; 2.1.3 Systematic versus random errors; 2.1.4 Significant figures and roundoff; 2.1.5 Computational roundoff and truncation; 2.2 The normal distribution; 2.2.1 Parent versus sample distributions , 2.2.2 Mean/median/mode/moments2.2.3 The normal (Gaussian) distribution; 2.2.4 Testing a normal distribution; 2.2.5 Standardization and normalization (Z-scores); 2.2.6 Calculating normal probabilities; 2.3 Doing the unspeakable: throwing out data points?; 2.3.1 Chauvenet's criterion; 2.4 Error propagation; 2.4.1 The general equation; 2.4.2 Assumptions regarding independence or orthogonality; 2.5 Statistical tests and the hypothesis; 2.5.1 Hypothesis building and test; 2.5.2 Example 1: testing a null hypothesis; 2.5.3 Example 2: testing for a normal distribution; 2.6 Other distributions , 2.6.1 Student's t-distribution2.6.2 The F-distribution; 2.6.3 Poisson distribution; 2.6.4 Weibull distributions; 2.6.5 Log-normal transformations; 2.7 The central limit theorem; 2.8 Covariance and correlation; 2.8.1 Analysis of variance (ANOVA); 2.9 Basic non-parametric tests; 2.9.1 Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient; 2.9.2 Kendall's tau; 2.9.3 Wilcoxon signed-rank test; 2.9.4 Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA; 2.9.5 Mann-Whitney rank-sum test; 2.10 Problems; 3 Least squares and regression techniques, goodness of fit and tests, and nonlinear least squares techniques , 3.1 Statistical basis for regression3.1.1 The chi-squared (?2) defined (and goodness of fit); 3.1.2 Look at your residuals; 3.2 Least squares fitting a straight line; 3.2.1 Doing things the hard way (the normal equations); 3.2.2 Uncertainties in coefficients; 3.2.3 Uncertainties in an estimated y-value; 3.2.4 Example: ocean heat content; 3.2.5 Type II regressions (two dependent variables); 3.3 General linear least squares technique; 3.3.1 Choose your model functions wisely; 3.3.2 There is an easier way: the design matrix approach; 3.3.3 Solving the design matrix equation with SVD , 3.3.4 Multi-dimensional regressions3.3.5 Transformably linear models; 3.3.6 Non-coefficients; 3.4 Nonlinear least squares techniques; 3.4.1 Iterative techniques; 3.4.2 Uncertainties in nonlinear coefficients; 3.4.3 Example: Exponential phytoplankton growth; 3.4.4 Example: Gaussian on a constant background; 3.5 Problems; 4 Principal component and factor analysis; 4.1 Conceptual foundations; 4.1.1 The data matrix and the covariance matrix; 4.1.2 Standardization and normalization; 4.1.3 Linear independence and basis functions; 4.2 Splitting and lumping; 4.2.1 Discriminant analysis , 4.2.2 Cluster analysis

Anmerkung: Formerly CIP Uk. - Includes bibliographical references and index