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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of topically applied ceramide/phospholipid mixture on the barrier function of intact skin, atopic skin and experimentally induced barrier damage (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Chapman and Hall
    International journal of cosmetic science 19 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The influence of a liposomal formulation of a ceramide/phospholipid mixture on the barrier function of the skin in atopic tests, in subjects with healthy skin, and after lipid extraction was tested. The transepidermal water loss and the stratum corneum hydration served as parameters for the evaluation of the influence of the ceramide/phospholipid-mixture treatment on the barrier function. Additionally a barrier-function test with nicotinic acid ester was performed after ceramide/phospholipid-mixture application. Stabilizing effects on the barrier function after application of ceramide/phospholipid-mixture were found only in atopic skin and after lipid extraction but not in healthy skin. The results lead us to expect positive effects of ceramide/phospholipid-mixture only if barrier damage is present. On a teste l'influence d'une formulation aux liposomes d'un melange ceramide/phospholipide sur la fonction protectrice de la peau de personnes lors d'un test atopique, sur une peau saine, et apres extraction lipidique. On a utilise la perte d'eau transepidermique et l'hydratation de la couche cornee comme parametres d'evaluation de l'influence du traitement sur la fonction protectrice. On a en outre effectue apres application un test de la fonction protectrice avec un ester d'acide nicotinique. On a constate des effets stabilisateurs de la fonction protectrice apres application seulement sur peau atopique et apres extraction lipidique mais pas sur peau saine. Les resultats nous conduisent a esperer des effets positifs uniquement en cas d'alteration de la fonction protectrice de la peau.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.1997.tb00178.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Damage to the skin by repetitive washing (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 32 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Damage to the skin following the repeated use of 2 different wash solutions was investigated. Stratum corneum capacitative resistance, stratum corneum lipids, transepidermal water loss, skin surface pH, laser Doppler flow and skin reddening were determined. All skin function parameters already showed a marked change after a single wash (e.g., the median of TEWL values increased by more than 0.5 g/m2 h). Repetitive washing for 1 week led to a further deterioration of TEWL and corneometry values (e.g., TEWL increased for about 2.9 g/m2 h after repetitive washing with sodium lauryl sulfate). The rate of skin function regeneration after repetitive washing was unaltered compared to regeneration after a single wash. The surfactants used showed quantitatively differing effects on corneometry, TEWL and laser Doppler flow (e.g., after repetitive washing with Geli-derm, the median of TEWL values increased only up to 1.55 g/m2 h). However, damage arising from repetitive washing could not be completely prevented by the selection of a mild surfactant. Skin function regeneration showed no difference with the 2 surfactants used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00673.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The significance of the zein test in the classification of cationic tensides (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 20 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03185.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predictive washing test for evaluation of individual eczema risk (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 39 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: It was the aim of our studies to estimate predictively the individual eczema risk for persons due to repetitive contact with washing-active substances, by a barrier function test on clinically healthy skin over 2 weeks. Within the scope of the study 3 groups with different atopy scores were compared. As washing solutions, 0.1m SLS and a slightly acid soap-free washing emulsion were used in comparison to tap water. Prior to the 1st washing procedure, on days 3, 5, 8, 10, and 12, the transepidermal water loss, the horny layer moisture, and the skin blood flow were measured as parameters of barrier function, as well as the inflammatory reaction. The results prove that the atopy score has only limited validity as a predictive method for the acceptance of washing-active substances. The repetitive washing test, however, seems to be more adequate for evaluating the individual barrier function as well as the eczema risk. Irritation by a washing procedure may be greatly influenced by choice of the washing solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05804.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of different non-invasive test methods with respect to the effect of different moisturizers on skin (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Skin research and technology 5 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0846
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In dermatology and cosmetics, moisturizers are used to soften skin. The objectives of this study were to compare the influence of three different moisturizers on skin hydration and skin mechanics by various non-invasive test methods and to determine the relationship between the methods used.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:In 27 test subjects, four test areas in each were treated over 3 days, three times a day. An oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion was applied without moisturizer, the same with 10% glycerol, with 10% urea, or with 10% propylene glycol, respectively. Three hours after the last treatment results were measured by using the following instruments: Corneometer CM 820, Skicon 200, Frictionmeter, and Cutometer.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results/Conclusions:In all procedures a significant effect, in the sense of an increase in the data recorded, could be demonstrated by glycerol-treatment. During Corneometer, Frictionmeter, and Cutometer measurements, an additional unidirectional effect caused by the basic emulsion was seen. With all test methods, the influence of urea and propylene glycol was not significant compared to the basic emulsion. For all pretreatments there was a correlation between Corneometer data and Skicon data. Because of the low correlation coefficients between hydration parameters and mechanical parameters, it is to be assumed that other effects of glycerol- and basic-emulsion-treatment-independent from the hydration effect – have an additional influence on the data obtained by using the Frictionmeter and the Cutometer. This indicates that the clinical effect of emulsions should not be evaluated exclusively on the basis of electrical measurements of hydration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.1999.tb00199.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testing for irritation with a multifactorial approach: comparison of eight non-invasive measuring techniques on five different irritation types (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 145 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Non-invasive bioengineering methods are widely used in the assessment of irritant skin reactions. Objectives To assess the ability of eight non-invasive measurement techniques to distinguish changes in skin conditions over time, these changes being induced by five different irritants. Methods The following techniques were compared in a multivariate analysis: laser-Doppler perfusion imaging (LDI), laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), visual scoring (VS), colorimetric measurements (Chromameter CR 200 a* and L* scales), Mexameter Hb scale (Mexa Hb) and capacitance (Corneometer CM 820). Irritants tested were sodium lauryl sulphate 2% (SLS), tape stripping (TS), tretinoin 0·05% (TRET), ultraviolet (UV) exposure to 30 W m−2 UVB/95 W m−2 UVA, and dithranol 0·5% (DIT). Measurements were performed at baseline and after 24, 48 and 72 h. The study was conducted on the upper back of 11 healthy volunteers of both sexes aged 27–51 years. Results For DIT it was possible to discriminate over time with CR 200 a* and L*, VS, LDI, LDF and Mexa Hb. In SLS discrimination over time was seen with TEWL and LDF. Discrimination in TS was demonstrated for TEWL, VS, CR 200 a*, CM 820, LDF, LDI and Mexa Hb. In TRET discrimination ability was seen for LDI, LDF, Mexa Hb and VS. For UV it was possible to discriminate using VS, TEWL, LDF, LDI and Mexa Hb. Conclusions Different irritation patterns need different measurement modalities in order to give optimal discrimination over time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04431.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a fodrin-like protein in rat liver basolateral membranes
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 145 (1987), S. 1033-1037 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(87)91539-7
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The association of calmodulin with subcellular fractions isolated from rat liver
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 127 (1985), S. 358-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Keywords: [abr] EDTA; Ethylendiamine-tetrancetic acid ; [abr] EGTA; Ethyleneglycol-bis-(amino-ethylether) N,N,-tetraacetic acid ; [abr] Hepes; N-2-Hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethane-sulfonicacid ; [abr] PMSF; Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride ; [abr] SDS; sodium dodecylsulfate
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(85)80167-4
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The association of calmodulin with subcellular fractions isolated from rat liver
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 127 (1985), S. 358-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Keywords: [abr] EDTA; Ethylendiamine-tetrancetic acid ; [abr] EGTA; Ethyleneglycol-bis-(amino-ethylether) N,N,-tetraacetic acid ; [abr] Hepes; N-2-Hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethane-sulfonicacid ; [abr] PMSF; Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride ; [abr] SDS; sodium dodecylsulfate
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(85)80167-4
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interaction of calmodulin with rat liver plasma membrane
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 135 (1986), S. 323-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(86)90980-0
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