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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inappropriate use of metronidazole in gastrointestinal surgery (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pharmacokinetic data suggest that current treatment regimens of metronidazole in abdominal surgery are not always appropriate. We have examined antibiotic concentrations during emergency and elective surgery using a specific and sensitive high pressure liquid chromatography assay. Serum and tissue concentrations were measured after intravenous infusion during intra-abdominal surgery and after suppositories given before appendicectomy. After intravenous dosage, bactericidal concentrations were reached in serum (13.6 ± 7.8 μ/ml), bowel (9.0 ± 6.6 μ/g), tumour (9.9 ± 7.1 μ/g) and subcutaneous fat (4.9 ± 3.2 μ/g). After suppositories the concentrations were: serum 4.6 ± 2.7 μ/ml, appendix 1.1 ± 0.6 μ/g, fat 1.5 ± 0.9 μ/g and peritoneal fluid 4.7 ± 4.3 μ/g. These values were obtained at a mean interval of 86.9 ± 27.5 min following administration of the drug.Serum concentrations were measured during post-surgical infusion of 500 mg i.v. 8 or 12 hourly. Mean concentrations after 8 hourly doses were 16.3 ± 4.85 μ/ml pre-dose and 28.7 ± 6.76 μ/ml post-dose, with evidence of drug accumulation by detection of metabolites. Twelve hourly infusions gave pre-dose levels of 7.4 ± 3.86 μ/ml and post-dose levels of 17.1 ± 3.69 μ/ml.Metronidazole (500 mg) intravenously at induction of anaesthetic gives effective prophylactic concentrations in all tissues including tumour, but a metronidazole 1g suppository before appendicectomy does not provide reliable tissue concentrations. Metronidazole (500 mg) i.v. 12 hourly gives effective bactericidal concentrations of the drug and is more economical.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1989.tb00214.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural killer-cell activity, interferon-alpha2 production, and interleukin-2 production in cyclosporine-treated and conventionally immunosuppressed human allograft recipients (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical immunology 6 (1986), S. 373-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: Transplantation ; natural killer (NK) activity ; interleukin-2 ; interferon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Natural killer (NK) activity, interferon (IFN)-alpha production, and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production were measured in renal transplant recipients undergoing immunosuppression with either azathioprine and steroids (Az + P) or cyclosporine (CyA). Overall, both IFN-alpha production and IL-2 production were impaired in these two groups compared with identical studies in healthy individuals. However, on the basis of control data these two patient groups were divided into those with “normal” NK activity and those with “low” NK activity. In the CyA group those with a low NK reaction produced less IL-2 and IFN-alpha than those with normal NK activity. No such relationship between cytokine production and NK activity was discerned in the Az + P group. These data conflict within vitro studies, which have failed to demonstrate any effect of CyA on IFN-alpha production. In addition, they suggest that whereas cyclosporine influences NK activityin vivo by inhibiting cytokine production, other factors may play a role in impairing NK activity in conventionally immunosuppressed patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00915376
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of farmyard manure on the trace element content of soils and of plants grown thereon (1958)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 10 (1958), S. 32-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Farmyard manure, added to six soils at intervals over a two-year period until the equivalent of 240 tons of fresh manure per acre had been applied, significantly increased pH values, organic matter and nitrogen contents, water-soluble boron levels and total amounts of copper, zinc and molybdenum. The uptake of boron and manganese by ladino clover was less, and that of molybdenum was greater, on the manured than on the unmanured soils. It is suggested that the influence of manure on trace-element availability may be an indirect one, due to its effect on soil reaction rather than to any increased amount of these elements that may be added in the manure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01343735
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