Note: Front Cover -- Science Policy Perspectives: USA-Japan -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- CONTRIBUTORS -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- PART I: PERCEPTIONS OF THE NATURE OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCE -- CHAPTER 1. PERCEPTIONS OF THE NATURE OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCE IN THE UNITED STATES -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. PREVAILING CONCEPTIONS OF BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH -- III. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH -- IV. REFINING THE ANNALS OF RESEARCH -- V. ORGANIZING THE RESEARCH COMMUNITY -- VI. STRENGTHENING SCIENCE POLICY -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 2. PERCEPTIONS ON BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES IN JAPAN -- I. FROM APPLIED RESEARCH TO BASIC RESEARCH-A HISTORICAL OUTLINE -- II. WORKING DEFINITION OF TERMS -- III. DISTINCT FUNCTIONS OF UNIVERSITY FACULTY MEMBERS AND PRIVATE COMPANY RESEARCHERS -- CHAPTER 3. DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. HOW (NOT) TO CATEGORIZE RESEARCH -- III. AN EXAMPLE OF THE KEK -- IV. ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL FIELDS -- V. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS -- VI. SOME CONCLUDING POLICY-RELEVANT COMMENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- PART II: POLICIES OF RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH -- CHAPTER 4. COOPERATION BETWEEN UNIVERSITIES AND INDUSTRIES IN BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCE -- I. UNIVERSITY VIEW -- II. INDUSTRIAL VIEW -- III. AN EXAMPLE OF THE KEK -- CHAPTER 5. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NATIONAL GOALS AND R & -- D PROGRAMS IN FOUR UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AGENCIES -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. OBJECTIVES AND LIMITATIONS IN THE USE OF THE ANALYSIS -- III. METHODOLOGY USED -- IV. ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL FIELDS -- V. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS -- VI. SOME CONCLUDING POLICY-RELEVANT COMMENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- PART III: PRACTICES OF GOVERNMENT FOR BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH SUPPORT -- CHAPTER 6. PRACTICES IN UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR BASIC RESEARCH -- I. INTRODUCTION. , II. RECENT TRENDS IN GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR BASIC RESEARCH -- III. FEDERAL SUPPORT OF BASIC RESEARCH IN UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES -- IV. FEDERAL SUPPORT OF BASIC RESEARCH IN AGENCY LABORATORIES AND FEDERAL FUNDED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTERS -- V. FEDERAL SUPPORT FOR BASIC RESEARCH IN INDUSTRY -- VI. MANAGEMENT OF BASIC RESEARCH IN THE AGENCIES -- VII. INTERAGENCY COORDINATION OF BASIC RESEARCH SUPPORT -- VIII. THE PRESIDENT'S SCIENCE ADVISOR -- IX. FEDERAL COORDINATING COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY (FCCSET) AND THE FEDERAL COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (FCST) -- X. THE OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET (0MB) -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 7. POLICIES AND PRACTICES OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCE -- I. A REVIEW OF RESEARCH SUPPORT POLICY -- II. BASIC RESEARCH SUPPORT PRACTICES -- III. EXAMPLES OF SOME RECENT LARGE-SCALE BASIC STUDIES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER 8. THE THEORETICAL BASIS FOR GOVERNMENTAL SUPPORT OF R & -- D: TRADITIONAL ARGUMENTS AND NEW REALITIES -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. THE PROBLEM -- III. TRADITIONAL, THEORETICAL ARGUMENTS -- IV. GOVERNMENT SUCCESS STORIES -- V. NEW REALITIES -- VI. PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS -- VII. THE NEWEST "NEW REALITY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES AND NOTES -- PART IV: COOPERATION OF UNIVERSITIES AND INDUSTRY IN BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCE -- CAHPTER 9. THE ROLE OF AMERICAN COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY FACULTY IN THE INDUSTRIAL INNOVATION PROCESS -- I. THE DEVELOPMENT OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES IN THE UNITED STATES -- II. TEACHING, RESEARCH, AND THE "UNITU" PRINCIPLE -- III. UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY INTERACTIONS -- IV. UNIVERSITU FACULTY CONSULTING-ITS ROLE AND LIMITATIONS IN THE INNOVATION PROCESS. , V. THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITU FACULTY IN INDUSTRIAL INNOVATION-THE PROGRAMS OF THE INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES INNOVATION PROGRAM WITHIN THE SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGICAL, AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DIRECTORATE OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION -- VI. A NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PERSPECTIVE ON THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITY FACULTY IN THE INNOVATION PROCESS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 10. UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY COOPERATIVE PROJECTS -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. EXAMPLES -- III. DISCUSSION -- IV. SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY -- PART V: PATENT POLICIES FOR GOVERNMENTSUPPORTEDRESEARCH -- CHAPTER 11. UNITED STATES PATENT POLICIES FOR GOVERNMENT-SUPPORTED RESEARCH -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 12. PATENT POLICIES FOR GOVERNMENT-SUPPORTED RESEARCH (JAPAN) -- GENERAL DESCRIPTION -- TREATMENT OF A PATENT RESULTING FROM AN INVENTION BY A NATIONAL UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR -- BENEFITS OF THE ABOVE MENTIONED PATENT POLICIES -- FURTHER PROBLEMS -- CHAPTER 13. PATENT POLICIES FOR GOVERNMENT-SUPPORTED RESEARCH (USA) -- INTRODUCTION -- BASIC CONSIDERATIONS -- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND -- MEMORANDUM AND STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT PATENT POLICY -- OPTIMUM PATENT POLICY PRESUMPTION -- ALTERNATIVES -- INSTITUTIONAL PATENT AGREEMENT -- UNIFORM PATENT LEGISLATION -- CHAPTER 14.THE HANDLING OF PATENTS FOR THE INVENTIONS OF UNIVERSITY PROPESSORS (JAPAN) -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. WAYS OF HANDLING UNIVERSITY PROFESSORS' PATENTS AND THE REALITY OF THEIR OBTAINING THEM -- III. WAYS OF HANDLING PATENTS IN OTHER RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS AND AN OUTLINE OF UNIVERSITY PATENTS ABROAD -- IV. PROBLEMS OF EXISTING WAYS OF HANDLING PATENTS -- V. CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND THE HANDLING OF UNIVERSITY PROFESSORS' PATENTS -- VI. SYSTEM FOR HANDLING PATENTS OF UNIVERSITY PROFESSORS. , VII. PROPOSED STANDARD FOR THE HANDLING OF PATENTS AND SIMILAR MATTERS FOR THE INVENTIONS OF UNIVERSITY PROFESSORS -- PART VI: SUMMARY -- PART I: PERCEPTIONS OF TME NATURE OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCE -- PART II: POLICIES OF RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH -- PART III: PRACTICES OF GOVERNMENT FOR BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH SUPPORT -- PART IV: COOPERATION OF UNIVERSITIES AND INDUSTRY IN BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCE -- PART V: PATENT POLICIES FOR GOVERNMENT- SUPPORTED RESEARCH.