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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry 40 (1978), S. 1395-1400 
    ISSN: 0022-1902
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Immunology ; Medulloblastoma ; Brain tumours
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Preliminary findings in the evaluation of the immune response of children with primary neoplasms of the CNS, mainly medulloblastomas, are reported and discussed. A broad scheme for the monitoring of B- and T-cell-dependent immunity and of delayed hypersensitivity reactions in this type of patient is presented. The most important immunobiological findings are discussed. Special attention is given to the striking failure of the T-cell-dependent pool (currently identified by “active” RFC and blastigenesis tests) and to the remarkable decrease of hypersensitivity reactions (depressed skin-test response), both of which seem to be related to the degree of malignancy of the tumour. A very peculiar feature,i.e., the appearance of cells with natural cytotoxic activity, is dealt with in some detail. Our present knowledge concerning the immunobiology of primary CNS neoplasms is still very incomplete, but seems to suggest a possible role for immunotherapy in paediatric neurosurgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 50 (1979), S. 61-65 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cyclic nucleotides ; Brain tumours ; Blood-brain-barrier ; Cerebrospinal fluid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent evidence indicates that cyclic nucleotides are of importance for general and neurosurgical oncology, especially with respect to the contact-inhibition mechanisms and tumour cell growth. This preliminary report deals with the CSF levels of c-AMP and c-GMP in primary neoplasms in children and to problems related to the blood-brain barrier. Some cases of medulloblastoma were studied as well as a few cases of brain stem glioma and cystic astrocytoma. The importance of some rather unusual findings seems undebatable,i.e., the marked increase in c-GMP values usually observed in medulloblastoma and the decrease of c-AMP, that is fairly common in all malignant neoplasms. The main changes in the c-AMP/c-GMP ratio are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 95 (1988), S. 126-130 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Spinal haematoma ; radicular pain ; paraplegia ; laminectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A series of 10 surgically treated “spontaneous” spinal haematomas (7 cases with epidural, 3 with intramedullary location), is presented. Symptomatology was rarely acute. Clinical onset was mostly dominated by spinal or radicular pain, followed by severe motor deficit. Surgical outcome was satisfactory in the majority of cases. Age, duration of symptoms, haematoma site and size appeared to have no influence on final outcome. This was significantly correlated only with the preoperative neurological condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 138 (1996), S. 771-775 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Arachnoiditis ; cerebral angiography ; optic chiasma ; optic nerve ; pneumoencephalography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A retrospective appraisal of traditional neuroradiological techniques (such as direct röntgenograms, cerebral angiography RISA-cisternography, and pneumo-cisterno-encephalography, as opposed to the “new” technique of computer-assisted tomography) was carried out in a series of 82 cases of opto-chiasmatic arachnoiditis, all surgically verified. It is concluded that none of these examinations can provide a reliable diagnosis of opto-chiasmatic arachnoiditis, which preoperatively can only be a tentative diagnosis that becomes final only when confirmed by surgical findings. In the presence of certain progressive neuro-ophthalmological symptoms and signs, a negative neuro-radiological investigation should not deter the neurosurgeon from exploring the chiasmatic region. Computer-assisted tomography, of which the authors have no personal experience in these cases, may hold the future answer to the diagnostic problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 55 (1981), S. 283-293 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Head injury ; computed tomography ; intraventricular haemorrhage ; pathogenetic mechanisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Of a series of 350 patients studied for blunt head trauma by CT scan 10 were found to have an intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH); in 8 cases we could find concomitant CT abnormalities as well as intracerebral contusion or haemorrhage, and in two cases no other CT abnormality was noted. CT scan represents the first reliable and non-surgical tool for identifying this process. Two possible mechanisms that govern the formation of an IVH are postulated: a) an erosion of the ventricular wall by an intracerebral haemorrhage; b) the rupture of subependymal veins deformed by the negative pressure following dilatation of the ventricular wall. The prognosis in our cases is severe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Familial cavernous angioma ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Stereotactic biopsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Sono stati studiati tre membri di una famiglia con angiomi cavernosi intracerebrali multipli. Viene ipotizzata un'ereditarietà autosomica dominante. Il probando soffriva di cefalea e all'esame obiettivo era evidente un'emiparesi destra. Il secondo caso era esordito con un ictus cerebrale emorragico mentre il terzo caso si presentava all'osservazione neurologica asintomatico. La risonanza magnetica nucleare (RMN) eseguita in due dei tre casi, ha mostrato lesioni che, per la molteplicità e l'estensione, non avevano le caratteristiche radiologiche degli angiomi cavernosi. La biopsia cerebrale nel probando ha permesso la definizione diagnostica. L'inquadramento nosologico delle forme familiari, anche se facilitato negli ultimi anni dall'introduzione della RMN, può essere difficoltoso quando le lesioni radiologiche sono atipiche. In questi casi la biopsia cerebrale costituisce non solo un valido aiuto per la diagnosi, ma si rende indispensabile per fornire un'adeguata informazione genetica.
    Notes: Abstract Three members of the same family were studied, all of whom had multiple intracerebral cavernous angiomas for which a dominant autosomal inheritance was hypothesised. The proband suffered from headaches, and physical examination revealed evident right hemiparesis. The second case started with a hemorrhagic cerebral stroke and the third was asymptomatic on neurological examination. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), performed in two of the three cases, showed lesions whose number and extent were not radiologically characteristic of cavernous angioma. A cerebral biopsy of the proband enabled the diagnosis to be made. Despite the recent introduction of NMR, the nosological classification of familial forms can be difficult when the radiological lesions are atypical. In such cases, cerebral biopsy is not only a valid diagnostic aid, but is also indispensable for obtaining adequate genetic information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-03-21
    Description: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by recurrent arterial/venous thrombosis and miscarriages in the persistent presence of autoantibodies against phospholipid-binding proteins (aPLs), such as β2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI). In addition to the aPL thrombophilic effect, arterial thrombosis was related to accelerated atherosclerosis in animal models; however, contrasting findings were reported in primary APS patients with regard to the increased number of plaques or abnormal arterial wall thickness. We investigated the cytokine production induced by β2GPI in activated T cells that infiltrate in vivo atherosclerotic lesions of primary APS patients with atherothrombosis. We also examined the helper function of β2GPI-specific T cells for monocyte matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue factor production, as well as their cytolytic potential and their helper function for Ab production. APS patients with atherothrombosis harbor in vivo–activated CD4 + T cells that recognize β2GPI in atherothrombotic lesions. β2GPI induces T cell proliferation and IFN- expression in plaque-derived T cell clones. β2GPI-specific T cells display helper function for monocyte matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue factor production and promote Ig production in autologous B cells. Moreover, plaque-derived β2GPI-specific CD4 + T lymphocytes express perforin-mediated and Fas/Fas ligand–mediated cytotoxicity. β2GPI, and especially the DI domain, drive a local Th1 inflammatory response, with subsequent plaque instability that eventually favors atherothrombosis. This finding may explain the association between aPLs and arterial thrombosis, despite the lack of evidence of surrogate markers for atherosclerosis in primary APS.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1767
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-6606
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2018-09-28
    Description: Rivaroxaban is an effective and safe alternative to warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism. We tested the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban compared with warfarin in high-risk patients with thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome. This is a randomized open-label multicenter noninferiority study with blinded end point adjudication. Rivaroxaban, 20 mg once daily (15 mg once daily based on kidney function) was compared with warfarin (international normalized ratio target 2.5) for the prevention of thromboembolic events, major bleeding, and vascular death in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. Only high-risk patients triple positive for lupus anticoagulant, anti-cardiolipin, and anti–β2-glycoprotein I antibodies of the same isotype (triple positivity) were included in the study. The trial was terminated prematurely after the enrollment of 120 patients (59 randomized to rivaroxaban and 61 to warfarin) because of an excess of events among patients in the rivaroxaban arm. Mean follow-up was 569 days. There were 11 (19%) events in the rivaroxaban group, and 2 (3%) events in the warfarin group. Thromboembolic events occurred in 7 (12%) patients randomized to rivaroxaban (4 ischemic stroke and 3 myocardial infarction), whereas no event was recorded in those randomized to warfarin. Major bleeding occurred in 6 patients: 4 (7%) in the rivaroxaban group and 2 (3%) in the warfarin group. No death was reported. The use of rivaroxaban in high-risk patients with antiphospholipid syndrome was associated with an increased rate of events compared with warfarin, thus showing no benefit and excess risk. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02157272.
    Keywords: Plenary Papers, Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Clinical Trials and Observations
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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