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  • 1
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht ; Infektiologie
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 Seiten, 134,66 KB)
    Language: German
    Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 0315838 , Autoren "Prof. Dr. Matthias Frosch, Dr. Gabriele Gerlach" dem Berichtsblatt der Online-Ausgabe entnommen. - Paralleltitel dem englischen Berichtsblatt der Online-Ausgabe entnommen , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 39 (1996), S. 159-170 
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Dispersal ; Emigration mechanisms ; Aggressive interactions ; House mice ; Reproductive suppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Emigration in small mammals may be strongly related to social factors, but direct observations of emigrants are rare. Feral house mice (Mus domesticus) were studied using a population cage system that allowed continuous observation of individually marked animals. Mice that left their natal cage and took up residence in cages that could only be reached by crossing a water barrier were defined as emigrants. Six pairs of house mice with their litters were placed in the system, and data on aggressive interactions, body weight, reproduction, mortality and emigration were collected daily. Both sexes emigrated, but males did so twice as often as females. Population density was not correlated with the frequency of aggression, and had no effect on the weight of emigrating individuals. Male emigrants suffered more aggression before emigration than their non-emigrant brothers of the same age; they were aggressively driven out by other males, predominantly by the father. Female emigration depended on the female’s chances of reproduction. The probability of a female reproducing decreased with increasing birth order. Females born in a late litter, who therefore had only a low chance of reproduction, dispersed earlier than those of early litters. Resident males were reproductively suppressed. Male offspring had two different strategies for attaining top rank. They could develop rapidly and reach sexual maturity early on, but face competition with the father, risking being forced to emigrate. Alternatively, they could develop slowly, stay within their family and wait for a chance to take over the dominant position. It is concluded that emigration in male and female feral house mice is caused by intrasexual competition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 486 (1982), S. 7-21 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Properties and Crystal Structures of Reduced Gallium Halides: Ga2I4 and Ga2I3The compounds Ga2I4 and Ga2I3 were prepared as small single crystals by heating the elements in sealed glass ampoules. Thermal behaviour, IR and Raman spectra as well as the crystal structures were investigated. Due to our investigations Ga2I3 is the most metal-rich gallium iodide. According to X-ray results it is identical with the formerly described „GaI“. - The crystal structures of the compounds Ga2I4 and Ga2I3 were solved on the basis of diffractometer data: Ga2I4 forms rhombohedral crystals, space group R3c; a = 2 521.5(2) and c = 783.9(1) pm. The structure corresponds to the expected formula Ga+(GaI4)-. Tube-like arrangements of the GaI4 tetrahedra are the remarkable structural feature. These are bonded to one another by van der Waals forces and contain the Ga+ ions inside. This arrangement results from a (radial) close-packing of the I atoms of the GaI4- anions. Interstitials in this arrangement are occupied by Ga+-ions and modified in a way to show the influence of the non-bonding electron pair of the Ga+ ion. - Ga2I3 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c (a = 1 129.4(3); b = 871.5(1); c = 1 345.3(4) pm; β = 145.6(1)°) according to the formula (Ga+)2(Ga2I6)2-. The anion is isoelectronic (and isostructural) with Si2I6 and occurs in the staggered conformation. The Ga-Ga-distance is 238.7(5) pm. The coordination around Ga+ is very similar to that in Ga2I4.
    Notes: Die Verbindungen Ga2I4 und Ga2I3 wurden durch Reaktionen der Elemente in verschmolzenen Glasampullen in Form kleiner Einkristalle dargestellt. Thermische Eigenschaften, schwingungsspektroskopisches Verhalten und Strukturen wurden untersucht. Insbesondere wurde sichergestellt, daß Ga2I3 das metallreichste Galliumiodid im System Ga/I2 ist; Ga2I3 ist mit dem früher beschriebenen „GaI“ identisch. Ga2I4 kristallisiert rhomboedrisch in der Raumgruppe R3c mit a = 2521,5(2) und c = 783,9(1) pm. Der Aufbau entspricht erwartungsgemäß der Formel Ga+(GaI4)-. Auffallendes Strukturmerkmal sind röhrenförmige Anordnungen der GaI4-Tetraeder, die über van-der-Waals-Bindungen mit benachbarten Röhren zusammenhängen und die Ga+-Ionen im Inneren enthalten. Dieser Aufbau resultiert aus einer innerhalb der Röhren dichtesten Anordnung der I-Atome der GaI4-Anionen. Die Lücken dieser Anordnung sind durch Ga+-Ionen besetzt und lassen den Einfluß des nichtbindenden Elektronenpaars am Ga+-Ion erkennen. - Ga2I3 kristallisiert monoklin in der Raumgruppe P21/c mit a = 1 129,4(3); b = 871,5(1), c = 1 345,3(4) pm; β = 145,6(1)° und ist als (Ga+)2(Ga2I6)2- zu formulieren. Das mit Si2I6 isoelektronische (und isostrukturelle) Anion liegt in der gestaffelten Konformation vor; der Ga-Ga-Abstand beträgt 238,7(5) pm. Die Koordination von Ga+ entspricht weitgehend der in Ga2I4.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), an ecologically and economically important species in the northern hemisphere, shows pronounced seasonal migratory behaviour. To follow distinctive migration patterns over hundreds of kilometers between feeding, overwintering and spawning grounds, they are probably guided by orientation mechanisms. We tested whether juvenile spring-spawning Atlantic herring, caught in the western Baltic, use a sun compass for orientation just before they start leaving their hatching area. Fish were randomly divided into two groups, one of them clock-shifted 6 h backwards, to investigate whether they shift their orientation direction accordingly. Individual fish were placed in a circular bowl and their orientation was tested multiple times with the sun as a sole visual orientational cue. Our results show for the first time that juvenile Atlantic herring use a time-compensated sun compass during their migration. Their swimming direction was impaired, but still present, even when the sky was very cloudy, indicating additional orientation capabilities.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: Sprat (Sprattus sprattus) is one of the most commercially exploited fish species in the Baltic Sea and expresses a pronounced seasonal migration pattern. Spawning takes place, among other places, in the Kiel Bight and Kiel Fjord in early summer. Juvenile sprat leave the nursery areas in late summer/early autumn to move to their feeding and overwintering grounds. What kind of orientation mechanisms sprat use for migration is not known yet. This study shows that juvenile sprat can use a time-compensated sun compass, heading towards the northeast, in the direction of their proposed overwintering grounds in Bornholm Basin. The sprats tested at the end of August oriented themselves in the predicted direction, whereas the sprats tested at the beginning of August only showed a random orientation. For the first time, this demonstrates the onset of migratory readiness in juvenile sprat, indicating the preparation for starting their migration.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    INTER-RESEARCH
    In:  EPIC3Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, INTER-RESEARCH, 141, ISSN: 0177-5103
    Publication Date: 2020-11-12
    Description: The brown shrimp Crangon crangon is a key component of the North Atlantic coastal food web and an important target species for the fishery economy. As the brown shrimp contains large amounts of protein and essential fatty acids, its consumption makes it a beneficial choice for humans. Commercially harvested crustaceans like C. crangon are frequently affected by bacterial shell disease, with necrotizing erosions and ulcerations of the cuticle. To determine whether shell disease influences the nutritional value of C. crangon, total protein and lipid contents, as well as fatty acid compositions of muscle tissue and hepatopancreas, together with the hepatosomatic index, were examined in healthy and affected individuals. The biochemical composition of the tissues did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Also, the hepatosomatic index, as an indicator of energy reserves in shrimps, was similar between healthy and affected animals. Our results indicate that the nutritional value of C. crangon is not affected by shell disease, as long as it remains superficial as in the present study.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2020-12-09
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 9
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    In:  EPIC3Cell and Tissue Research, 383(1), pp. 273-287, ISSN: 0302-766X
    Publication Date: 2021-02-17
    Description: Teleost fish exhibit extraordinary cognitive skills that are comparable to those of mammals and birds. Kin recognition based on olfactory and visual imprinting requires neuronal circuits that were assumed to be necessarily dependent on the interaction of mammalian amygdala, hippocampus, and isocortex, the latter being a structure that teleost fish are lacking. We show that teleosts—beyond having a hippocampus and pallial amygdala homolog—also have subpallial amygdalar structures. In particular, we identify the medial amygdala and neural olfactory central circuits related to kin imprinting and kin recognition corresponding to an accessory olfactory system despite the absence of a separate vomeronasal organ.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 10
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    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 500, pp. 105-111
    Publication Date: 2018-02-14
    Description: The prevalence of black spot shell disease is increasing among marine crustaceans worldwide. Rising seawater temperatures – often stressful for ectothermic species – are assumed to enhance the occurrence of shell disease. In the North Sea 〉 50% of local populations of the brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) are affected by the disease. While fisheries are suffering because diseased crustaceans are barely merchantable, the impact of shell disease on life history traits of crustaceans is little understood. To determine the role of temperature on the development of black spots and its implications for survival and physiology in the brown shrimp, a prolonged (3 months) thermal stress experiment was performed. We measured the increment of shell disease and the effect of molting in shrimps kept at control (15 °C = equivalent to the seafloor temperature in the North Sea during sampling) and increased temperature (20 °C = according to predictions for the end of the century). The resting metabolic rate was analyzed to determine the physiological state of diseased compared to non-diseased animals. In the present study, the warmer temperature in the range of 20 °C did not increase the spot size of shell disease and no differences were observed between the two temperatures. The process of molting thereby seemed to diminish and in most of the cases even completely remove the signs of shell disease. At 15 °C but not at 20 °C, metabolic rate was reduced in diseased in contrast to healthy individuals. This study showed that shell disease might lead to a higher mortality rate and an impairment of the physiological state in C. crangon.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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