Note: Intro -- 1 Morphology -- 1.1 Integument -- 1.1.1 Cuticle and epidermis -- 1.1.2 Canals and pores -- 1.1.3 Surface structures, microtrichia and setae -- 1.1.4 Cuticular sensilla -- 1.1.5 Scolopidia -- 1.1.6 Integumental gland cells -- 1.1.7 Ecdysis -- 1.2 Head -- 1.2.1 Segmentation, sutures and cephalic regions -- 1.2.2 Head capsule -- 1.2.3 Cephalic endoskeleton -- 1.2.4 Labrum and epipharynx -- 1.2.5 Antennae -- 1.2.6 Mandibles -- 1.2.7 Maxillae -- 1.2.8 Labium -- 1.2.9 Hypopharynx -- 1.2.10 Salivarium -- 1.3 Thorax -- 1.3.1 Segmentation and composition of segments -- 1.3.2 Prothorax -- 1.3.3 Pterothoracic segments -- 1.3.4 Legs -- 1.3.5 Attachment structures -- 1.3.6 Wings -- 1.4 Abdomen -- 1.4.1 General organization -- 1.4.2 External structures of the male and female postabdomen -- 1.4.3 Male and female internal genital organs -- 1.5 Nervous system -- 1.5.1 Brain -- 1.5.2 Suboesophageal complex -- 1.5.3 Postcephalic ganglionic chain -- 1.5.4 Visceral nervous system (VNS) -- 1.6 Photoreceptor organs -- 1.6.1 Extraocular photoreception -- 1.6.2 Compound eyes -- 1.6.3 Ocelli -- 1.6.4 Stemmata -- 1.7 Tracheal system -- 1.8 Circulatory system -- 1.8.1 Haemocoel, diaphragmata and alary muscles -- 1.8.2 Dorsal vessel -- 1.8.3 Accessory pulsatile organs -- 1.8.4 Haemolymph -- 1.9 Digestive tract -- 1.9.1 Preoral cavity -- 1.9.2 Foregut -- 1.9.3 Midgut -- 1.9.4 Hindgut -- 1.10 Excretory organs -- 1.11 Endocrine organs and the hormone system -- 1.12 Fat body -- 2 Reproduction, development and immature stages -- 2.1 Fertilization and egg structure -- 2.2 Embryonic development -- 2.2.1 Cleavage and germ band formation -- 2.2.2 Short germ and long germ embryos -- 2.2.3 Germ layer formation and blastokinesis -- 2.2.4 Segmentation -- 2.2.5 Organogenesis -- 2.3 Postembryonic development -- 2.4 Larval and pupal forms -- 3 Glossary -- 3.1 Morphology. , 3.1.1 General terms -- 3.1.2 Integument -- 3.1.3 Sensilla and sensory organs -- 3.1.4 Head capsule -- 3.1.5 Head appendages -- 3.1.6 Thorax -- 3.1.7 Legs -- 3.1.8 Wings -- 3.1.9 Abdomen -- 3.1.10 Male genital organs -- 3.1.11 Female genital organs -- 3.1.12 Nervous system and associated structures -- 3.1.13 Photoreceptor organs -- 3.1.14 Tracheal system -- 3.1.15 Circulatory system -- 3.1.16 Digestive tract -- 3.1.17 Excretory organs -- 3.1.18 Endocrine organs and the hormone system -- 3.1.19 Fat Body -- 3.2 Reproduction, development and immature stages -- 3.2.1 Fertilization and egg structure -- 3.2.2 Cleavage and embryonic developement -- 3.2.3 Postembryonic development -- 3.2.4 Larval and pupal forms -- 4 Traditional and modern techniques in insect morphology -- 4.1 Fixation -- 4.2 Dissection -- 4.3 Maceration -- 4.4 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) -- 4.5 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) -- 4.6 Histology -- 4.7 Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy (SBFSEM) -- 4.8 Focused Ion Beam (FIB) -- 4.9 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) -- 4.10 Micro-computer tomography (µ-CT) -- 4.11 Computer-based 3-dimensional reconstruction -- 4.12 Geometric morphometrics (Ming Bai) -- 4.12.1 Terminology and principles -- 4.12.2 Geometric morphometrics analysis -- 5 Phylogenetic reconstruction based on morphology -- 5.1 Hennigian terminology and principles -- 5.2 Cladistics -- 5.2.1 Taxon sampling -- 5.2.2 Selection of characters -- 5.2.3 Character state coding and building a list of characters -- 5.2.4 Data matrix -- 5.2.5 Parsimony analyses -- 5.2.6 Trees, their presentation and statistics -- 6 The orders of Hexapoda -- 6.1 Collembola (common name: springtails) -- 6.2 Protura (common name: coneheads) -- 6.3 Diplura (common name: two-pronged bristletails) -- 6.4 Archaeognatha (common name: jumping bristletails). , 6.5 Zygentoma (common names: silverfish and firebrats) -- 6.6 Ephemeroptera (common name: mayflies) -- 6.7 Odonata (common names: damselflies, dragonflies) -- 6.8 Plecoptera (common name: stoneflies) -- 6.9 Dermaptera (common name: earwigs) -- 6.10 Embioptera (common name: webspinners) -- 6.11 Phasmatodea (common names: stick and leaf insects) -- 6.12 Orthoptera (common names: katydids = bush-crickets, crickets, grasshoppers, locusts) -- 6.13 Zoraptera (common names: ground lice, angel insects) -- 6.14 Grylloblattodea (common names: ice crawlers, rock crawlers, icebugs) -- 6.15 Mantophasmatodea (common names: heelwalkers, gladiators) -- 6.16 Mantodea (common names: mantises, praying mantises) -- 6.17 Blattodea (common names: roaches and termites) -- 6.18 Psocoptera (common names: barklice, booklice, barkflies) -- 6.19 Phthiraptera (common name: true lice) -- 6.20 Thysanoptera (common names: thrips, fringe wings) -- 6.21 Auchenorrhyncha (common names: Cicadas, leafhoppers, planthoppers, froghoppers or spittle bugs, treehoppers) -- 6.22 Sternorrhyncha (common name: plantlice) -- 6.22.1 Psyllina, Psylloidea (common names: psyllids, jumping plantlice, lerp insects) -- 6.22.2 Aleyrodina, Aleyrodoidea (common name: whiteflies) -- 6.22.3 Aphidina (common name: aphids) -- 6.22.4 Coccina (common names: scale insects, mealy bugs) -- 6.23 Coleorrhyncha (common name: moss bugs) -- 6.24 Heteroptera (common name: true bugs) -- 6.25 Hymenoptera (common names: sawflies, wood wasps, bees, wasps, ants) -- 6.26 Neuroptera (common name: net-winged insects) -- 6.27 Megaloptera (common names: alderflies, dobsonflies, fishflies) -- 6.28 Raphidioptera (common names: snakeflies, camelneck flies) -- 6.29 Coleoptera (common name: beetles) -- 6.30 Strepsiptera (common name: twisted wing parasites) -- 6.31 Trichoptera (common name: caddisflies). , 6.32 Lepidoptera (common names: moths and butterflies) -- 6.33 Mecoptera (common names for subgroups: scorpionflies, hangingflies etc.) -- 6.34 Siphonaptera (common name: fleas) -- 6.35 Diptera (common name: true flies) -- 7 Literature -- 7.1 Textbooks and comprehensive works -- 7.2 Review articles -- 7.3 Cladistic software and related studies -- 7.4 Complete references -- Taxonomic Index.