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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental expression of serotonin-like immunoreactivity in the sympathoadrenal system of the chicken (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 262 (1990), S. 363-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin (5HT) ; Sympathetic ganglia ; Chromaffin cells ; Neural crest ; Differentiation ; Somatostatin (SRIF) ; Catecholamines ; Domestic fowl (Aves)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The avian sympathoadrenal system has been used as a model to examine the differentiation of cells expressing neuroactive substances derived from the neural crest. Previous studies have dealt with the expression of the “classical” neurotransmitters acetylcholine and catecholamines and of the neuropeptides somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. We have used immunocytochemistry to examine the developmental expression of the monoamine serotonin (5HT) in the chicken sympathoadrenal system. 5HT-like immunoreactivity (5HT-LI) was found to be transiently expressed by cells of the sympathetic ganglia very early in development (E-5 to E-8), disappearing almost entirely at more advanced embryonic stages (E-10 to E-19) and posthatched chickens where only a population of cells similar to mammalian small intensely fluorescent cells express immunoreactivity to the amine. In contrast, in the adrenal gland of embryos and post-hatched chickens, most chromaffin cells also express 5HT-LI. Double labeling experiments show that in both the adrenal gland and the sympathetic ganglia catecholaminergic properties and somatostatin immunoreactivity are co-expressed with 5-HT-LI. Moreover, the cells that transiently express 5HT-LI in sympathetic ganglia also transiently express somatostatin. The catecholaminergic cells expressing serotonin and somatostatin appear to define a biochemical phenotype common to some chromaffin cells, small intensely fluorescent cells and early sympathoblasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309891
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Galanin-like immunoreactivity in the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 286 (1996), S. 385-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Invertebrate ; Echinoderm ; Holothurian ; Neuropeptide ; Galanin ; Immunoreactivity ; Holothuria glaberrima (Echinodermata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Galanin, a neuropeptide of 29 amino acids originally purified from porcine small intestine, has been found in most vertebrate groups, where it is present in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. In this study, galanin-like immunoreactivity was detected in an invertebrate, the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima. In this organism, fibers and cells expressing galanin-like immunoreactivity were found in the enteric nerve plexuses of the esophagus, and large and small intestine, particularly in the serosal layer. Immunoreactivity was also found in the ectoneural portion of the radial nerve and in nervous elements within the body wall. Preabsorbtion tests indicated that the observed immunoreactivity was not due to cross-reactivity of the antibody with other peptides also found in the intestinal plexuses. The immunoreactivity to galanin was quantified in various tissues using radioimmunoassay and partially characterized with high performance liquid chromatography. These results show that although the holothurian peptide shows common immunological determinants with porcine galanin, it differs with regard to certain biochemical properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050708
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental expression of galanin-like immunoreactivity by members of the avian sympathoadrenal cell lineage (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 33-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Neuropeptides ; Sympathetic ; Development ; Adrenal ; Chromaffin ; Neuron ; Galanin ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The developmental coexpression of galanin-like immunoreactivity with the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was studied in the avian embryo sympathoadrenal system using double-labeling immunocytochemistry. Galanin-like immunoreactivity is expressed by various catecholaminergic cell populations, namely sympathoblasts, chromaffin and small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells, but not by principal neurons of the paravertebral sympathetic ganglia. Both galanin and somatostatin immunoreactivities are coexpressed in the adrenal and sympathetic ganglion primordia by the neural precursors, but the subsequent expression pattern of both peptides differs. Our results support the hypothesis that early sympathoblasts express a large repertoire of neuroactive substances and that the expression of these becomes restricted during further development as the sympathoblasts become principal neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051210
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of neuropeptides in the nervous system of the marine annelidSabellastarte magnifica (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 266 (1991), S. 209-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; Annelids ; Cholecystokinin ; Neuropeptide Y ; Enkephalins ; Substance P ; FMRFamide ; Sabellastarte magnifica (Annelida)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical studies of the nervous system ofSabellastarte magnifica, a sedentary polychaete, showed the presence of neuropeptide expressing cells and fibers within the double ventral nerve cord. Immunoreactivity to cholecystokinin, neuropeptide Y, enkephalins, substance P, and FMRFamide was found to be present in specific populations of cells, identifiable by their location and by the neuropeptide they expressed. Fibers expressing the various neuropeptides were also observed in particular locations within the nerve cord. This characteristic distribution of the various neuron subgroups and fiber pathways may represent functional circuits within the nervous system of this annelid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00678726
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of Hox Gene Sequences in the Sea Cucumber Holothuria glaberrima Selenka (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) (2000)
    Springer
    Marine biotechnology 2 (2000), S. 231-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2236
    Keywords: Key words: Deuterostomes, echinoderms, holothuroids, paralogous group, partial homeodomain, orthologues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract: The Echinodermata is a unique animal group forming an early branch in the deuterostomes phylogenetic tree. In echinoids and asteroids a single Hox cluster with nine cognates of the vertebrate Hox paralogous groups has been reported, but no data are available from other echinoderm classes. We report here nine Hox-type sequences from the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima, a member of the class Holothuroidea. Partial homeodomain sequences were amplified by polymerase chain reaction from genomic DNA and from a regenerating gastrointestinal tract complementary DNA library. Sequence analyses suggest that the holothuroid cluster has at least three genes of the anterior, one of the medial, and five of the posterior groups. This is the first evidence of five posterior sequences in echinoderms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101269900027
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