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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catecholamine levels and associated cardiovascular responses in infants with meconium-stained amniotic fluid (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 151 (1992), S. 855-860 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Meconium-stained amniotic fluid ; Catcholamine levels ; Norepinephrine ; Epinephrine ; Tern infants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Catecholamine levels and associated cardiovascular responses were determined in 21 control and 30 term infants with meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF). Cord arterial blood was obtained for determination for norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI) levels; cardiovascular measurements included heart rate and systolic blood pressure at 30 min. Pregnancy was uncomplicated in all cases. The total length of labor 964±402 versus 555±312 min (P〈0.001) and active phase of labor 300±261 versus 135±104 min (P〈0.001) were significantly longer in MSAF infants when compared to controls. The 1 min Apgar score was 〈7 (range 1–6) in 11 of 30 MSAF infants versus 0 of 21 control infants; these 11 infants required positive pressure ventilation for approximately 60 s secondary to transient respiratory depression (RD). The 5 min Apgar score was 〉7 in 49 of the 51 infants. Infants with MSAF exhibited a higherP aCO2 (6.89±1.17 vs 6.24±1.17 mm Hg;P〈0.02) and lower pH (7.25±0.06 vs 7.29±0.05;P〈0.02) compared to controls. Infants with transient RD demonstrated the most marked arterial blood gas differences, i.e.,PCO2 7.41±1.30 mm Hg (P〈0.001), pH 7.21±0.07 (P〈0.001) and base deficit −6±4 versus −3±2.8 (P〈0.001) when compared to controls. NE and EPI levels were significantly higher in MSAF versus control infants, i.e., 12600±3040 versus 3740±1000 pg/ml (SEM) (P〈0.02) and 1550±250 versus 620±130 pg/ml (P〈0.001) respectively. The highest values were observed in infants with transient RD. NE levels were related to base deficit (r=−0.45,P〈0.0001) and the presence of meconium (r=0.26,P〈0.05), while EPI levels were related to pH (r=0.44,P〈0.001) and meconium (r=0.28,P〈0.05). MSAF infants exhibited a higher systolic blood pressure at 30 min, i.e., 59±10 versus 54±8 mm HgP〈0.002 when compared to controls. No differences in heart and respiratory rates were noted. These data indicate that infants delivered in the presence of MSAF exhibit significant elevations in catcholamine levels when compared to control infants, which may reflect an adaptive respone to in utero stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01957940
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebrospinal fluid β2-microglobulin in neonates with central nervous system infections (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 309-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Beta2-microglobulin ; Neonatal meningitis ; TORCH ; infections ; Central nervous system ; infections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Beta2-microglobulin (β2m) determination in CSF of 72 neonates who underwent a spinal tap as part of a sepsis or meningo-encephalitis workup was performed to evaluate the usefulness of this test in the diagnosis of CNS infections. β2m was measured by enzyme immunoassay. Sixty neonates had sterile culture and normal neurological status at discharge. Twelve infants had CNS infections: 8 bacterial meningitis, 3 TORCH infections (T = toxoplasmosis, O = others, R = rubella, C = cytomegalovirus and H=herpes simplex) and 1 viral meningitis. Neonates with CNS infection exhibited significantly higher CSF β2m levels compared to neonates with sterile culture (6.24 ± 2.66 vs 1.74 ± 0.5 mg/l; P 〈 0.0001). CSF β2m levels did not correlate with the white cell count, total protein concentration or glucose level in CSF. When serum and CSF levels were measured simultaneously, the CSF β2m level was significantly higher than the corresponding serum level in patients with CNS infection (6.98 ± 2.5 vs 3.2 ± 0.25 mg/l; P 〈 0.01). Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were estimated for different cut-off points. The best operational diagnostic cut-off value was 2.25 mg/l. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed an appropriate trade-off between specificity and sensitivity and indicated that CSF β2m was accurate in distinguishing between neonates with and without CNS infection. Conclusion CSF β2m may be a useful ancillary tool in neonates when CNS infection is suspected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01957368
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of dexamethasone therapy on cerebral and ocular blood flow velocity in premature infants studied by colour Doppler flow imaging (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 156 (1996), S. 41-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Dexamethasone ; Chronic lung disease ; Neonate ; Cerebral blood flow ; Ocular blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although dexamethasone (DEX) is used widely in neonates with chronic, and even recently with acute respiratory disease, its potential side-effects on human cerebral and ocular haemodynamics remain unknown. The effects of DEX on cerebral and ocular blood flow velocities were assessed in preterm infants with lung disease and mechanical ventilation. Ten ventilated preterm infants received DEX (0.25 mg/kg/12 h) for ongoing chronic lung disease or extubation failure. Colour Doppler flow imaging studies of the internal carotid, anterior cerebral and ophthalmic arteries were made before and 10, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min after the 1st, 3rd, and 5th doses of DEX. Peak systolic, temporal mean, and end-diastolic flow velocities and the resistence index (RI) of Pourcelot were determined. The brain was examined by ultrasonography before and at the end of each Doppler study. All patients were continuously monitored for transcutaneous blood gases and blood pressure. All flow velocities and the RI of the internal carotid, anterior cerebral and ophthalmic arteries showed a similar trend throughout the study. The means of the values averaged for the 240 min of cerebral and ocular blood flow velocity with each dose were progressively higher and the values of the RI progressively lower up to the 5th dose. The most significant changes occurred in end-diastolic flow velocity and consisted of a percentage increase between the 1st and 5th dose of 72% in the internal carotid artery, 102% in the anterior cerebral artery and 84% in the ophthalmic artery. Changes in arterial blood pressure followed a pattern similar to that of changes in blood flow velocity. Conclusions Dexamethasone increments cerebral and ocular blood flow velocity. We speculate that this finding may be relevant to the development of brain and retinal injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050550
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  • 4
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    Paleohydrological dynamics in the Western Mediterranean during the last glacial cycle (2021)
    In:  Global and Planetary Change
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-17
    Description: The transitional regions between the low and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere are highly vulnerable to future climate change yet most of the current climate models usually diverge in their projections. To better understand the dynamics in these regions, the reconstruction of past hydrological fluctuations and precipitation patterns is of paramount importance to accurately constrain present and future climate scenarios. In this study, we investigated paleohydrological dynamics in the western Mediterranean region, a transitional zone between low-mid latitudes and Atlantic - Mediterranean realms. We reconstruct precipitation and moisture source changes during the last ~35 ka in order to propose the potential mechanisms driving these oscillations. To do so, we use hydrogen isotopes from sedimentary leaf waxes, more specifically the C31 n-alkane homologue, and a precipitation proxy based on previously published pollen data from a sedimentary core (Padul-15-05) in southern Iberia (Padul wetland ~37° N). With this combination we disentangle the coupled effect of precipitation amount and source on the hydrogen isotopic signature of the studied C31 n-alkane record. Our results show three main periods characterized by different precipitation patterns. Low precipitation, mainly linked to a significant contribution from an isotopically-enriched Mediterranean precipitation source, occurred from ~30 to ~15.5 ka BP and during the last ~5 ka, whereas enhanced precipitation with a predominant isotopically-depleted Atlantic precipitation source prevailed from ~15.5 to ~5 ka BP. This latter stage is here defined as the Western Mediterranean Humid Period (WMHP). In addition, some occasional millennial-scale opposite precipitation patterns can be observed during these climatically distinct periods. These changes in the source of precipitation were likely coupled to a shift in the main rainy season from winter, when Atlantic precipitation prevailed, to late winter-early spring, when the contribution of Mediterranean moisture is higher. Comparison between the studied mid-latitude terrestrial Padul-15-05 core and a low-latitude marine record offshore of northwestern Africa shows clear long-term synchronous responses of both western Mediterranean precipitation and western African monsoon systems to northern Hemisphere atmospheric dynamics, ultimately controlled by orbital forcing and ice-sheets fluctuations.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Paleoclimate reconstruction of the last 36 kyr based on branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in the Padul palaeolake record (Sierra Nevada, southern Iberian Peninsula) (2022)
    In:  Quaternary Science Reviews
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-17
    Description: Quantitative continental climate reconstructions covering the last glacial cycle from the Iberian Peninsula are scarce. In order to fill this gap, we obtained for the first time a high-resolution mean annual air temperature (MAAT) record based on the distribution of specific bacterial membrane lipids (i.e., branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers; brGDGTs) from the last 36.0–4.7 kyr palaeolake record recovered by the Padul-15-05 sedimentary core (Padul, Sierra Nevada, southern Iberia). The fractional abundance of the three major groups of GDGTs present in the Padul sediments, GDGT-0, crenarchaeol and the summed brGDGTs, is comparable with that of other shallow and small (〈10 km2) European lakes. Despite variations in the lithology in the studied section, the GDGT composition remains relatively stable, except for the uppermost 116 cm of the record, representing the ephemeral/emerged lake stage, which is characterized by higher crenarchaeol fractional abundances. The identification of a specific brGDGT that has only been detected in anoxic lakes provides evidence for in-situ brGDGT production in the water column and/or sediments in the Padul palaeolake. Its presence/absence probably denotes a succession of periods with a variable oxygen content in the bottom waters of the palaeolake. MAAT was reconstructed based on the distribution of brGDGTs using an African lake calibration and ranged between 12 and 20 °C. A new Bayesian calibration to mean temperature of Months Above Freezing (MAF) depicts similar temperature variations with a mean absolute difference of 0.7 °C. The MAAT reconstruction in the Padul palaeolake for the 36.0–4.7 kyr period reveals similarities with climate variability described at high-latitudes and in the westernmost Mediterranean area during this interval, showing cold conditions during the last three Heinrich Stadials and the Younger Dryas and warm conditions during the Dansgaard–Oeschger interstadials (7–1) and the Bölling-Alleröd period. Despite the more stable and warm general climate conditions during the Early and Mid-Holocene, rapid centennial-scale temperature changes are registered in the Padul palaeolake in good agreement with variations observed in the Mediterranean forest record.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 6
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    Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds have modulated the formation of laminations in sediments in Lago Fagnano (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina) over the past 6.3 ka (2023)
    In:  Boreas
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-16
    Description: Tierra del Fuego in Argentina is a unique location to examine past Holocene wind variability since it intersects the core of the Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds (SHWW). The SHWW are the most powerful prevailing winds on Earth. Their variation plays a role in regulating atmospheric CO2 levels and rainfall amounts and distribution, both today and in the past. We obtained a piston core (LF06-PC8) from Bahía Grande, a protected sub-basin at the southern margin of Lago Fagnano, the largest lake in Tierra del Fuego. This article focuses on the uppermost 185 cm of this core, corresponding to laminated sediment from the last ~6.3 ka. Laminations consist of millimetre-scale paired dark and light layers. Previous studies and new geochemical analysis show that the dark and light layers are characterized by differing concentrations of Mn and Fe. We attribute the distribution of Mn and Fe to episodic hypolimnic oxic–anoxic variations. The age model suggests an approximately bidecadal timescale for the formation of each layer pair. We propose a new model of these redox changes with the SHWW variations. The most likely phenomenon to produce complete water-column mixing is thermobaric instability, which occurs in colder winters with low-intensity SHWW (El Niño-like conditions). In contrast, windier winters are characterized by higher temperatures and reduced mixing in the water column, facilitating a decline in oxygen concentration. Laminations, and the inferred presence of periodic hypolimnion redox changes, are common features of the past ~6.3 ka. Geochemical proxy variability is compatible with an intensification of El Niño/Southern Oscillation activity during the past ~2 ka.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
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    Millennial-scale cyclical environment and climate variability during the Holocene in the western Mediterranean region deduced from a new multi-proxy analysis from the Padul record (Sierra Nevada, Spain) (2018)
    In:  Global and Planetary Change
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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