Keywords:
Plants -- Aging.
;
Electronic books.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (354 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9780470994269
Series Statement:
Annual Plant Reviews Series
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=350933
DDC:
571.8782
Language:
English
Note:
Senescence Processes in Plants -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- 1 Mitotic senescence in plants -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Terminology and types of senescence -- 1.3 Plants exhibit mitotic senescence, postmitotic senescence and cell quiescence -- 1.4 Mitotic senescence: arrest of SAM -- 1.4.1 Initiation of SAM -- 1.4.2 Maintenance of SAM -- 1.4.3 Arrest of SAM: a mitotic senescence in nature -- 1.4.3.1 Physiological regulation -- 1.4.3.2 Genetic regulation -- 1.5 Role of telomere and telomerase in mitotic senescence -- 1.5.1 Telomere -- 1.5.2 Telomerase -- 1.5.3 Telomere shortening and replicative senescence in animals -- 1.5.4 Telomere biology in plants -- 1.6 Closing remarks -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 2 Chlorophyll catabolism and leaf coloration -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Chlorophyll catabolites -- 2.2.1 Green catabolites -- 2.2.1.1 Chlorins -- 2.2.1.2 Phytol -- 2.2.2 Catabolites with a tetrapyrrolic structure -- 2.2.2.1 Red chlorophyll catabolites -- 2.2.2.2 Fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites -- 2.2.2.3 Nonfluorescent chlorophyll catabolites -- 2.2.2.4 Are NCCs degraded further? -- 2.3 The chlorophyll degradation pathway -- 2.3.1 Chlorophyll cycle -- 2.3.2 Reactions on green pigments -- 2.3.2.1 Chlorophyllase -- 2.3.2.2 Mg dechelation -- 2.3.3 Loss of green color -- 2.3.3.1 Pheophorbide a oxygenase -- 2.3.3.2 Red chlorophyll catabolite reductase -- 2.3.4 Reactions on pFCC -- 2.3.4.1 Hydroxylation -- 2.3.4.2 Glucosylation -- 2.3.4.3 Malonylation -- 2.3.4.4 Demethylation -- 2.3.4.5 Tautomerization -- 2.4 Chlorophyll catabolic mutants -- 2.5 Significance of chlorophyll breakdown -- 2.5.1 Topology of chlorophyll breakdown -- 2.5.2 Chl breakdown and cell death -- 2.5.3 Chl breakdown and nitrogen economy -- 2.6 The pigments of senescing leaves -- 2.7 The function of anthocyanins in leaf senescence -- 2.7.1 Physiological explanations.
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2.7.2 Ecological explanations -- 2.7.3 Reconciling these explanations -- 2.8 Conclusions and perspectives -- References -- 3 Membrane dynamics and regulation of subcellular changes during senescence -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Loss of membrane structural integrity during senescence -- 3.2.1 Senescence-associated changes in the molecular organization of membrane lipid bilayers -- 3.2.2 Role of lipases -- 3.2.2.1 Initial fate of de-esterified fatty acids in senescing membranes -- 3.2.2.2 Autocatalytic nature of membrane fatty acid de-esterification -- 3.2.3 Role of galactolipases -- 3.3 Role of proteolysis in membrane senescence -- 3.4 Dismantling of membranes in senescing tissue -- 3.4.1 Plastoglobuli -- 3.4.2 Cytosolic lipid-protein particles -- 3.4.2.1 Sites of cytosolic lipid-protein particle ontogeny -- 3.5 Role of autophagy -- 3.6 Metabolism of membrane fatty acids in senescing tissues -- 3.6.1 Galactolipid fatty acids -- 3.6.2 Fate of thylakoid fatty acids during stress-induced senescence -- 3.7 Translational regulation of senescence -- References -- 4 Oxidative stress and leaf senescence -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Antioxidative capacity, oxidative stress and life span -- 4.3 Antioxidants -- 4.4 ROS signaling -- 4.5 Role of different cell compartments -- 4.5.1 Peroxisomes -- 4.5.2 Chloroplasts -- 4.5.3 Mitochondria -- 4.5.4 Nucleus -- 4.6 Concluding remarks -- References -- 5 Nutrient remobilization during leaf senescence -- 5.1 Overview -- 5.2 Macro- and micronutrient remobilization -- 5.2.1 Carbon -- 5.2.2 Sulfur -- 5.2.3 Phosphorus -- 5.2.4 Potassium -- 5.2.5 Magnesium, calcium and micronutrients -- 5.3 Nitrogen remobilization -- 5.3.1 Protein degradation in senescing leaves -- 5.3.1.1 Classification of peptidases -- 5.3.1.2 Compartmentation of peptidases -- 5.3.1.3 Regulation of peptidases during leaf senescence.
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5.3.2 Amino acid metabolism in senescing leaves -- 5.3.3 Nitrogen transport to developing sinks -- 5.4 Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Environmental regulation of leaf senescence -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Light irradiance -- 6.2.1 Light intensity -- 6.2.1.1 Low light -- 6.2.1.2 Darkness -- 6.2.1.3 High light -- 6.2.2 Photoperiod -- 6.2.3 Wavelength -- 6.2.3.1 Red/Far red -- 6.2.3.2 Blue light -- 6.2.3.3 Ultraviolet -- 6.3 Ozone -- 6.4 Temperature -- 6.5 Drought stress -- 6.6 Flooding -- 6.7 Salinity -- 6.8 Environmental pollution - toxic materials -- 6.9 Oxidative stress involvement in environmental regulation of senescence -- 6.10 Nutrient/mineral shortage -- 6.11 Atmospheric CO2 -- 6.12 Biotic stress -- 6.13 Concluding remarks -- References -- 7 Developmental and hormonal control of leaf senescence -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Developmental senescence: a plant genome is optimised for early survival and reproduction -- 7.3 Developmental processes that regulate leaf senescence -- 7.3.1 Reactive oxygen species -- 7.3.2 Metabolic flux -- 7.3.3 Protein degradation -- 7.4 Hormonal control of leaf senescence -- 7.4.1 Hormones that delay leaf senescence -- 7.4.1.1 Gibberellic acid -- 7.4.1.2 Auxin -- 7.4.1.3 Cytokinins -- 7.4.2 Hormones that induce leaf senescence -- 7.4.2.1 ABA -- 7.4.2.2 Brassinosteroids -- 7.4.2.3 Ethylene -- 7.4.2.4 Jasmonic acid -- 7.4.2.5 Salicylic acid -- 7.5 Involvement of genome programmes in the regulation of senescence-associated genes -- 7.6 Integrating hormonal action into developmental senescence -- 7.7 Outlook and perspectives -- References -- 8 The genetic control of senescence revealed by mapping quantitative trait loci -- 8.1 Quantitative traits - what they are and how they are mapped -- 8.1.1 Genetic mapping -- 8.1.2 Major genes and QTL -- 8.1.3 QTL mapping -- 8.1.4 'QTL for' talk.
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8.2 Biomarkers of the senescence process -- 8.2.1 Senescence is polygenic and quantitative -- 8.2.2 Trait measurement in senescence -- 8.2.3 Pseudosenescence -- 8.2.4 Senescence-specific metabolism -- 8.3 Correlated developmental events as second-order senescence traits -- 8.3.1 Remote control of senescence -- 8.3.2 Allometry and QTL -- 8.3.3 QTL mapping as a tool for holistic analysis of development -- 8.4 G x E and the contribution of biotic and abiotic factors -- 8.4.1 Elasticity and plasticity -- 8.4.2 G x E and the now-you-see-it, now-you-don't QTL -- 8.4.3 Implications for the design and conduct of QTL experiments -- 8.5 Case studies -- 8.5.1 Rice -- 8.5.2 Sorghum and millet -- 8.5.3 Maize -- 8.5.4 Wheat and barley -- 8.5.5 Other species -- 8.6 Exploitation of QTL mapping for senescence traits -- 8.6.1 Model species, comparative mapping and the role of bioinformatics -- 8.6.2 Introgression landing -- 8.6.3 Integration with omics and other technologies -- 8.6.4 QTL as breeding tools -- 8.7 QTL, senescence, ageing and death -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 Genomics and proteomics of leaf senescence -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Transcriptomics of leaf senescence -- 9.2.1 Technologies -- 9.2.1.1 Differential display, in situ hybridization and subtractive hybridization -- 9.2.1.2 Microarrays -- 9.2.2 Altering the expression of senescence-specific genes may extend the lifespan of annual plants -- 9.2.3 From single to global gene expression studies of leaf senescence -- 9.2.4 Kinetics studies of gene expression define sequential changes in the pathway of the senescence program -- 9.2.5 Classification of the SAGs into functional classes suggests potential regulatory and biochemical pathways occurring during senescence -- 9.2.6 Stress-induced and developmental senescence can be compared by genomic studies.
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9.2.7 Signaling pathways of the senescence program can be elucidated by global gene expression studies -- 9.2.8 Global gene expression studies reveal that autumn leaf senescence has much in common with the senescence in annual plants -- 9.3 Proteomics of leaf senescence -- 9.3.1 Technologies -- 9.3.1.1 Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis -- 9.3.1.2 Liquid chromatography -- 9.3.1.3 Mass spectrometry -- 9.3.1.4 ESI mass spectrometry -- 9.3.2 Current information on leaf senescence proteomic is limited -- 9.3.3 Functional categories of senescence-enhanced proteins -- 9.3.4 Senescence upregulated proteins involved in respiration and various associated metabolic processes -- 9.3.5 Degradation and transport processes -- 9.3.6 Upregulated proteins related to stress and defense mechanisms -- 9.3.7 Comparison between pattern of changes in mRNA and protein levels during senescence indicates partial correlation -- 9.4 Conclusions -- References -- 10 Molecular regulation of leaf senescence -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Leaf senescence -- 10.1.2 Senescence-associated genes -- 10.2 Isolation and classification of SAGs -- 10.2.1 Isolation of SAGs -- 10.2.2 Functional classification of SAGs -- 10.2.2.1 Macromolecule degradation -- 10.2.2.2 Nutrient salvage and translocation -- 10.2.2.3 Defence and detoxification genes -- 10.2.2.4 Regulatory genes -- 10.2.3 Comparison of SAGs in various plant species -- 10.3 Regulatory modes of SAGs -- 10.3.1 Temporal regulation of SAGs during senescence -- 10.3.2 Regulation of SAGs by various endogenous and external factors -- 10.3.3 Cis-acting regulatory elements of SAGs -- 10.4 Molecular regulatory mechanisms of leaf senescence -- 10.4.1 Developmental ageing -- 10.4.2 Internal factors -- 10.4.2.1 Phytohormones -- 10.4.2.2 Sugar signalling -- 10.4.3 External factors -- 10.4.4 Regulatory role of protein degradation.
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10.5 Conclusions and future challenges.
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