Keywords:
Retrovirus infections.
;
Retroviruses.
;
HIV (Viruses).
;
HTLV (Viruses).
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
This book presents twenty-four tightly focused reviews on the biology, molecular biology, pathology, and epidemiology of the human retroviruses, particularly HIV and HTLV (Types I and II), as well as animal model systems (simian retroviruses, STLV and SIV, and mouse models). Editor Robert C. Gallo is recognized as a co-discoverer of the AIDS virus.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (440 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9780080918327
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=1179754
DDC:
616/.0194
Language:
English
Note:
Front Cover -- The Human Retroviruses -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Part I: Molecular Biology -- Chapter 1. Positive and Negative Regulation of Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type I (HTLV-I) Gene Expression and Replication: Function of the rex Gene -- I. Introduction -- II. Discovery of the rex Gene Function -- III. Regulation of Expression of gag, pol, and env Genes -- IV. Two cis-acting Elements of rex Function -- V. Mode of Action of the Rex Protein -- VI. Cross-reaction of the Rex Protein on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) RNA -- VII. Secondary Structure of the Rex-responsive Element -- VIII. Significance of Rex Regulation in HTLV-I Replication -- References -- Chapter 2. Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type II -- I. Introduction -- II. History of HTLV-II: Discovery and Epidemiology -- III. Additional Cases of HTLV-II and Evidence for an Etiologic Role in a Chronic T-cell Leukemia Related to Hairy Cell Leukemia -- IV. HTLV-II Appears on the World Map -- V. The Role of HTLV-II in Human Disease -- VI. In Vitro Biological Studies of HTLV-II -- VII. The Molecular Genetics of HTLV-II -- VIII. Molecular Mechanisms of HTLV-II-Induced T-cell Transformation -- IX. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Gene Structure and Genetic Diversity -- I. Introduction -- II. Genomic Structure -- II. Genetic Diversity -- References -- Chapter 4. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Gene Expression and Function -- I. Introduction -- II. The Virus Particle -- III. Replicative Proteins -- IV. The Envelope Protein -- V. Establishment of Infection -- VI. Integration -- VII. Regulation of HIV Replication -- VIII. The Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) -- IX. Positive Regulation -- X. An Unusual Genetic Switch (rev) -- XI. Tat-Rev-Env Fusion Protein (Tnv) -- XII. Negative Regulation.
,
XIII. Virion Infectivity Factor (Vif) -- XIV. Viral Protein U (Vpu) -- XV. Viral Protein R (Vpr) -- XVI. Viral Protein T (Vpt) -- XVII. A Regulatory Network -- XVIII. A Model for Progressive Disease -- XIX. Genomic Variability -- XX. Related Viruses -- XXI. Summary -- References -- Part II: Biology -- Chapter 5. Biology of Human T-cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV) Infection -- I. Introduction -- II. Biological Activity of HTLV-I in Vitro -- III. Transmission of HTLV-I to Monkeys -- IV. Transmission of HTLV-I to Rabbits -- V. Immunization against HTLV-I in Rabbits -- VI. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 6. Receptors for Human Retroviruses -- I. Introduction -- II. Detection of Receptors -- III. The HTLV Receptor -- IV. The Role of CD4 in HIV Infection and Pathogenesis -- V. Exploiting CD4-gp120 Interactions for Vaccines and Therapy -- VI. HIV Cell Tropism and Alternative Receptors -- VII. Mechanism of HIV Entry into Cells -- References -- Chapter 7. Immunopathologic Mechanisms of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection -- I. Introduction -- II. Mechanisms of T4 Cell Depletion -- III. Impairment of Immune System Function -- IV. Role of the Monocyte/Macrophage in HIV Infection -- V. Mechanisms of HIV-induced Neurological Disease -- VI. Activation of Latent HIV Infection -- VII. Subversion of the Immune System by HIV -- References -- Chapter 8. Human T-cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV) Infection: A Clinical Perspective -- I. Discovery of Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma -- II. Prototypic ATL -- III. Classification of ATL -- IV. Diagnosis of ATL -- V. Other Diseases Accompanying HTLV-I Infection -- VI. ATL Cells -- VII. Prevention of HTLV-I Infection and Treatment of ATL -- References -- Part III: Epidemiology -- Chapter 9. Epidemiology of Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type I (HTLV-I) -- I. Introduction -- II. Diagnosis of Infection.
,
III. Geographic Distribution -- IV. Demographic Factors -- V. Modes of Transmission -- VI. Disease Associations -- VII. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections in the United States -- I. Introduction -- II. AIDS Case Surveillance -- III. Surveillance of HIV Infection -- IV. Exposure Categories -- V. Natural History -- VI. Mortality -- VII. Impact on Racial and Ethnic Minorities -- VIII. HIV-2 Infection -- IX. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS): An International Perspective -- I. Introduction -- II. Global Epidemiologic Patterns of HIV Infection and AIDS -- III. Epidemiologic Data Needed for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control -- IV. Global Estimates of the Number of HIV-infected Individuals -- V. Global AIDS Projections -- VI. The Global AIDS Strategy -- VII. Conclusions -- References -- Part IV: Animal Models -- Chapter 12. Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type I (HTLV-I): Studies of Disease Mechanism in a Transgenic Mouse System -- I. Introduction -- II. Current Problems and Molecular Considerations -- III. Value of a Transgenic Approach to the Study of HTLV Disease -- IV. Effects of the HTLV tax Gene in Transgenic Mice -- V. Effects on the Thymus -- VI. Effects on the Salivary Gland -- VII. Effects on the Nerve Sheath -- VIII. Summary -- References -- Chapter 13. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) from Old World Monkeys -- I. Introduction -- II. Molecular Biology of SIV -- III. Properties of SIV in Cell Culture -- IV. Pathogenesis of SIV Infections -- V. Vaccines against SIV -- References -- Chapter 14. Transgenic Mouse Model of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HlV)-lnduced Kaposi's Sarcoma -- I. Introduction -- II. Transgenic Approach to the Study of Viral Pathogenesis -- III. Derivation of Transgenic Mice with the HIV tat gene.
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IV. Development of Skin Lesions in the Transgenic tat Mice -- V. Association between HIV Infection and Kaposi's Sarcoma -- VI. Similarities between the Murine Skin Lesions and Human Kaposi's Sarcoma -- VIII. A Proposed Model for the Etiology of Kaposi's Sarcoma -- IX. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15. The SCID-hu Mouse as a Model for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection -- I. Introduction -- II. The Optimal Animal Model for HIV Infection -- III. The SCID-hu Mouse -- IV. Construction of the SCID-hu Mouse -- V. Infection of the SCID-hu Mouse with HIV -- VI. Current Applications of the SCID-hu Mouse to the Analysis of HIV Infection in Humans -- VII. Potential Improvements of the SCID-hu Mouse for the Analysis of HIV Infection in Humans -- References -- Part V: Therapy -- Chapter 16. Adult T-cell Leukemia: Prospects for Immunotherapy -- I. Introduction -- II. Structure and Function of the Multisubunit IL-2R. -- III. Disorders of IL-2R Expression in Malignant and Autoimmune Diseases -- IV. Disorders of IL-2R Expression of HTLV-I-Associated ATL -- V. IL-2R as a Target for Therapy in Patients with HTLV-I-Associated ATL -- VI. Summary -- References -- Chapter 17. Toward the Rational Design of Antiretroviral Therapy for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection -- I. Introduction -- II. Genetic Organization of HIV -- III. Possible Targets for Therapeutic Intervention -- IV. DNA-Chain Terminators as Antiretroviral Agents -- V. 2',3'-Dideoxynucleosides as Therapeutics for HIV Infection -- VI. Carbocyclic and Acyclic Nucleoside Analogs Active against HIV in Vitro -- VII. Combination of Multiple Antiretroviral Drugs for Therapy against AIDS -- VIII. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 18. CD4-PE40-A Chimeric Toxin Active against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HlV)-lnfected Cells -- I. Introduction -- II. Construction and Evaluation of CD4-PE40.
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III. Clinical Considerations -- References -- Chapter 19. Vaccines against Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) -- I. Introduction -- II. General Features of HIV Pertinent to Vaccine Design -- III. General Features of the Immune Responses to HIV during Natural Infection -- IV. Properties of the HIV Envelope Important for Vaccine Design -- V. Neutralizing Epitopes -- VI. Epitopes Associated with Cellular Immunity -- VII. Antibodies That Enhance Virus Infectivity -- VIII. Epitopes That Mimic Products of Normal Cellular Genes -- IX. Immunosuppressive Effects of the HIV Envelope -- X. Recent Progress in Vaccine Development -- XI. Discussion -- References -- Index.
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