Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Preface -- The Editors -- Contributors -- Table of Contents -- Chapter 1: Serotonin in the Intestinal Tract: A Synopsis -- I. Introduction -- II. Synthesis and Distribution of 5-HT -- III. Release of 5-HT -- IV. Metabolism of 5-HT -- V. Prospective -- References -- Chapter 2: Localization and Neurochemical Aspects of Serotonin in the Gut -- I. The Intrinsic Innervation of the Gut is Autonomous and Different from that of Any Other Organ -- II. Classification of Enteric Neurons -- III. Functions of Some Classes of Enteric Neurons -- IV. Serotonin (5-HT) May be an Initiator of the Peristaltic Reflex -- V. The Bowel Contains Many 5-HT Receptors -- VI. Operational Properties Identify 5-HT1p-Mediated Effects -- VII. The 5-HT1p Receptor is Coupled to a Go -- VIII. Protein Kinase C Appears to Play a Critical Role in 5-HT1p-Mediated Responses -- IX. The 5-HT1p Receptor Plays a Critical Role in Initiating the Peristaltic Reflex -- X. Uptake by Crypt Epithelial Cells May Inactivate Mucosal 5-HT -- XI. 5-HT is a Neurotransmitter in the ENS -- XII. The Specific Role Played by Neuronal 5-HT in the Mediation of the Peristaltic Reflex Has Yet to be Identified -- XIII. Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3: Pharmacological Characterization of 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptors in the Gastrointestinal Tract -- I. Introduction -- II. 5-HT1 Receptors -- A. 5-HT1A Receptors -- B. 5-HT1D Receptors -- III. 5-HT2 Receptors -- A. 5-HT2A Receptors -- B. 5-HT2B Receptors -- IV. 5-HT3 Receptors -- V. 5-HT4 Receptors -- VI. Orphan 5-HT Receptors -- References -- Chapter 4: Serotonin Modulation of Gastrointestinal Motility -- I. Introduction -- II. Pharmacological Actions Mediated by 5-HT Receptors in the Gut In Vitro -- A. 5-HT1 Receptors -- 1. Direct Actions Mediated by 5-HT1 Receptors. , a. Excitatory effects -- b. Inhibitory effects -- 2. Indirect Actions Mediated by 5-HT1 Receptors -- a. Excitatory effects on enteric neurons -- b. Inhibitory effects on enteric neurons. -- B. 5-HT2 Receptors -- C. 5-HT3 Receptors. -- 1. Indirect Actions Mediated by 5-HT3 Receptors -- a. Contractile effects -- b. Relaxing effects -- D. 5-HT4 Receptors -- 1. Indirect Actions Mediated by 5-HT4 Receptors -- a. Excitatory effects -- 2. Direct Actions Mediated by 5-HT4 Receptors -- a. Inhibitory effects -- III. Role of Endogenous 5-HT in the Modulation of Gut Motility In Vitro -- A. Functional Role of 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 Receptors -- B. Functional Role of 5-HT3 Receptors -- C. Functional Role of 5-HT4 Receptors -- IV. Role of 5-HT in the Modulation of GI Motility In Vivo -- A. Role of 5-HT in the Modulation of Gastric Motility -- 1. Gastric Emptying -- B. Role of 5-HT in the Modulation of Small Bowel Motility -- 1. Role of Serotonergic Pathways in the Regulation of the MMC -- 2. Small Bowel Transit -- C. Role of 5-HT in the Modulation of Colonic Motility -- D. The Brain-Gut Axis: Role of 5-HT -- 1. Role of 5-HT3 Receptors in Afferent Pathways from the GI Tract -- 2. Centrally Mediated Effects of 5-HT -- References -- Chapter 5: Serotonin as an Intestinal Secretagogue -- I. Introduction -- II. Origin of Serotonin in the Intestine -- III. Effects of 5-HT on Fluid Secretion -- A. Animal Experiments. -- 1. Small Intestine In Vivo -- 2. Small Intestine and Colon In Vitro -- B. Human Experiments -- IV. Effects of 5-HT on Ion Transport -- A. Animal Experiments -- 1. Small Intestine In Vivo -- 2. Small Intestine In Vitro -- 3. Effects on the Colon -- B. Human Experiments -- V. Effects of 5-HT on Mucus Secretion -- VI. Effects of 5-HT on Absorption of Fluid and Electrolytes -- VII. Effects of 5-HT on Absorption of Nutrients -- VIII. Effects of 5-HT on Blood Flow. , IX. Mechanisms of Action -- A. Calcium -- B. 5-HT2 Receptors and Phosphoinositol Metabolism -- C. Prostaglandins -- D. 5-HT3 Receptors -- E. Cyclic Nucleotides -- X. Role of 5-HT in Secretory Processes -- A. 5-HT and Enterotoxin-Induced Secretion -- B. Serotonin and Gut Withdrawal from Opiates -- C. 5-HT and Intestinal Anaphylaxis -- D. 5-HT and the Effects of Laxatives -- XI. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6: Electrophysiological Studies of 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptors on Enteric Neurons -- I. Introduction -- II. Types of Enteric Neurons -- III. Electrophysiological Responses Mediated by 5-HT Receptors -- A. 5-HT1p Receptors -- 1. 5-HT Mimics sEPSPs in Enteric Neurons -- 2. 5-HT1p Receptors and Slow Depolarizations of Enteric Neurons -- 3. 5-HT1p Receptors Mediate Some sEPSPs -- 4. Presynaptic 5-HT1p Receptors -- B. 5-HT1A Receptors -- 1. 5-HT1A Receptors on Myenteric AH Neurons: Membrane Hyperpolarization. -- 2. 5-HT1A Receptors Activate GK in Myenteric AH Neurons -- 3. Presynaptic 5-HT1A Receptors Mediate Inhibition of fEPSPs and sEPSPs in the Myenteric Plexus -- 4. 5-HT1A Receptors Mediate Presynaptic Inhibition of sEPSPs Recorded from Submucous AH Neurons -- C. 5-HT3 Receptors -- 1. 5-HT Activates a Cation Conductance to Cause Fast Depolarizations of Enteric Neurons -- 2. 5-HT3 Receptors Mediate the Fast Depolarization -- 3. 5-HT3 Receptors on Enteric Nerves are Ligand-Gated Cation Channels -- 4. 5-HT3-Mediated Synaptic Potentials in the Enteric Nervous System -- D. 5-HT4 Receptors -- 1. 5-HT Acting at 5-HT4 Receptors Facilitates Peristalsis -- 2. 5-HT4 Receptors Mediate Presynaptic Facilitation of fEPSPs -- 3. 5-HT4 Receptors do not Mediate Facilitation of Noncholinergic sEPSPs -- 4. Localization of 5-HT4 Receptors to Nerve Terminals -- IV. Summary and Conclusions -- References. , Chapter 7: Serotonin and the Afferent Innervation of the Gastrointestinal Tract -- I. Gastrointestinal Afferents and 5-HT -- II. Effect of 5-HT on Gastrointestinal Motility -- A. Effects of 5-HT3 Receptor Agonists on Gastric Motility -- B. Effects of 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists on Gastric Motility and Emptying -- C. 5-HT Receptors in Intestinal Feedback Inhibition of Gastric Emptying -- D. 5-HT3 Receptors and Visceral Pain -- III. 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Emesis -- A. Motor and Integrative Mechanisms -- B. Afferent Pathways -- 1. Visceral Afferents and the Emetic Response to Cytotoxic Drugs -- C. Evidence of Involvement of 5-HT and 5-HT3 Receptors in Emesis -- 1. Antiemetic Effects of 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists -- 2. Release of 5-HT by Emetic Stimuli -- 3. Induction of Emesis by 5-HT3 Receptor Agonists -- 4. Location of 5-HT3 Receptors and Site of Action of Antagonists -- D. Involvement of 5-HT4 Receptors in Emesis -- IV. Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 8: The Clinical Application of 5-HT Agonists and Antagonists in Gastrointestinal Disease -- I. Introduction -- II. Cisapride: Model of a Serotonin Agonist -- A. Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia -- B. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- C. Gastroparesis -- D. Constipation -- E. Other GI Applications -- III. Serotonin Antagonists -- A. Nausea and Vomiting -- B. Chemotherapy-Induced Emesis -- C. Radiation-Induced Nausea and Vomiting -- D. Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting -- E. Other Uses - Case Reports -- References -- Index.