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    The ecology and management of the European grayling Thymallus thymallus (Linnaeus). Interim report (2021)
    Institute of Freshwater Ecology | East Stoke, UK
    In:  dis@fba.org.uk | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8072 | 1256 | 2012-02-28 12:41:25 | 8072 | Environment Agency, UK (Freshwater Biological Association)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: The European grayling, Thymallus thymallus, is a highly under-rated freshwater fish, particularly in the United Kingdom. As such, little scientific research has been conducted on its biology, ecology or specific management plans, in comparison to the related species, salmon, Salmo salar L. and brown trout, Salm.o trutta trutta L. or the nearest relative to T. thymallus, the Arctic grayling, Thymallus arcticus (Walbaum), whose life history has been well documented in view of its high ranking by anglers, as a game fish. However, the importance of sound scientific research cannot be over stressed for this species, which can potentially provide an excellent fishery and source of income in salmonid depauparate rivers. The aim of this report therefore, is to review all available information on the biology, ecology and management of the European grayling, T. thymallus, incorporating findings for T. arcticus to bridge subjects where the literature is scarce, and propose management strategies for T. thymallus in the United Kingdom, bridge subjects where the literature is scarce, and propose management strategies for T. thymallus in the UK.
    Description: Environment Agency Archives North West
    Description: No offical date on publication, date given is estimated guess
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; UK ; Thymallus thymallus ; Freshwater fish ; Inland water environment ; Literature reviews ; Habitat selection ; Reproduction ; Hybridization ; Population characteristics
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 91
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced effects with scanning force microscopy (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 7330-7332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a general theory that describes the operation of scanning force microscopy in the contact force regime. We find that force derivatives along the surface of a sample produce images that can be dramatically enhanced relative to those of surface topography. For scanning tunneling microscopy atomic force microscopy (STM/AFM) and AFM configurations, the spring constant of the cantilever and the force derivatives perpendicular to the surface of the sample determine the enhancement, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347586
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Annealing of Bragg gratings in hydrogen-loaded optical fiber (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 2940-2945 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have conducted a detailed study of the thermal stability of Bragg gratings written in hydrogen-loaded and unloaded germanium-doped optical fiber. Interference of either continuous-wave or pulsed ultraviolet light was used to induce the index modulation gratings. Some gratings were kept at room temperature and others were annealed at fixed temperatures for 10–20 h. For temperatures between room temperature and 350 °C, gratings in the hydrogen-loaded fiber showed significantly greater decay than those in the unloaded counterpart. The ultraviolet-induced index modulation in hydrogen-loaded fiber was reduced by 40% after 10 h at 176 °C, whereas it was reduced by only 5% in unloaded fiber under the same conditions. The annealing behavior of gratings written using the pulsed source was identical to that of gratings written with the continuous-wave source, and the thermal stability of gratings in hydrogen-loaded fiber did not depend on the magnitude of the index modulation. We also observed that the annealing of ultraviolet-induced OH absorption in the hydrogen-loaded fiber was not correlated with the grating decay. Our annealing results show that the species responsible for the index change in the hydrogen-loaded fiber are less stable than those in the unloaded fiber. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360753
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation effects on cleaved multiple quantum well surfaces in air observed by scanning probe microscopy (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 801-803 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of quantum well structures can give an independent method of measuring superlattice spacing and uniformity without having to resort to more involved techniques requiring intricate sample preparation. We present the first AFM images of cleaved InGaAs/InP multiple quantum wells and compare them with STM images taken of the same heterostructure. The images were stable in air for over a day. Based on our results, we propose that the mechanism for contrast in our images is due to an oxide layer that grows primarily on the InGaAs wells and not on the InP barriers. Both STM and AFM clearly resolve the individual wells of the heterostructure, although STM measured a larger corrugation than an AFM. STM also exhibited superior lateral resolution of about 2 nm while AFM had a lateral resolution of approximately 6 nm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107806
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultraviolet absorption measurements in single-mode optical glass fibers (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 60 (1992), S. 1791-1793 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Accurate ultraviolet absorption measurements are reported in telecommunication single-mode optical fibers in the range from 280 to 600 nm (4.4–2.1 eV) using a cutback method. An absorption peak at 325 nm (3.8 eV) and an absorption edge near 290 nm (4.3 eV) are attributed to features seen in preform spectra. We suggest that fiber and preform absorption spectra are generally the same and do not find that there is any dependence in the absorption on the fiber dimensions. The effects of preparation for second harmonic generation on fiber absorption are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107166
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of Natural Killer Cell Activity and Genetic Resistance to Bone Marrow Transplantation with Age: Effect of Neonatal Thymectomy (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 13 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of neonatal thymectomy on the development of splenic and bone marrow natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity and on genetic resistance to bone marrow transplantation was examined in mice. Natural cytotoxicity was measured by a 51Cr release assay; the ability to engraft foreign bone marrow was assayed by the spleen colony method. The natural cytolytic response of spleen cells increased progressively from youth to early adulthood, whereas that of the bone marrow declined during the same age period. Neonatal thymectomy significantly elevated the natural killer cell response of young mice only (4 weeks, spleen; 6 weeks, bone marrow). In other experiments, neonatally thymectomized and sham-operated mice were lethally irradiated at 4 or 6 weeks of age and injected with 2.5, 5.0 or 10 million rat marrow cells. Six days later spleen colonies were markedly reduced in both 4- and 6-week-old neonatally thymectomized mice with all rat marrow cell doses tested. Neonatal thymectomy did not alter the percentage of erythroid versus other colonies at either 4 or 6 weeks. In both thymectomized and sham-operated mice the number of colonies increased with increases in marrow cell dose. The data are suggestive of a production and dissemination to the spleen of cells involved in the natural cytotoxic response from the bone marrow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1981.tb00116.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel approach to assess the impact of landuse activity on chemical and biological parameters in river catchments (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 50 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Natural variation in environmental parameters, as well as practical constraints in study design and sampling methodology, often pose difficulties in treating impact assessments in river catchments as controlled field experiments. It is frequently impossible to develop robust relationships between reference and test stations prior to the onset of an impact and the range of statistical tools which can be adopted in data analysis to detect a change or disturbance is limited.2. In an attempt to overcome these problems we introduce a novel disturbance index to assess the impact of landuse activities on river systems. The index identifies differences in hydrochemical parameters and macroinvertebrate community metrics between reference and test stations (at a set level of significance). This approach allows for objective assessment of the occurrence and direction of change as well as the duration of an impact. The disturbance index can be applied at different scales – for a single stream, a catchment or a region.3. In this paper we describe the derivation of the index and illustrate its utility through worked examples. We use the index to assess impact of clearfelling on hydrochemical parameters such as hydrogen ion concentration, total hardness, suspended solids, conductivity and nitrate concentration as well as on macroinvertebrate parameters including abundance, richness, reciprocal of Simpson's diversity index, evenness, Ephemeroptera/Plecoptera/Trichoptera (EPT) richness and percentage of EPT taxa.4. The sensitivity of the disturbance index changes with scale of application however, and the clearfelling (CF) index has proven sensitive to the detection of even quite small changes, although in these cases ecological significance should be considered. We show that the CF index, particularly when derived from a regional scale, is a conservative index but is very robust to variation in the number of samples used in its derivation. The application of the index corresponded very well with the application of more standard statistical approaches. We believe that the index can thus be applied to other impact studies with similar project design.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01389.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Activities of Ethylene and Ethanol in Sulfuric Acid (1934)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 56 (1934), S. 2221-2224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01326a005
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of new cells in the rat dentate gyrus over the lifespan: relation to cognitive decline (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The identification of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult mammals has sparked much interest in a functional role for these new neurons in hippocampal-dependent cognition. The current investigation used a model of age-related cognitive decline in rodents to study the relationship between changes in markers of neurogenesis and hippocampal function. New cell production in the granule cell layer was progressively reduced across the lifespan of male Long Evans rats, with a 40% reduction at middle age (13 months) and a reduction in excess of 80% in advanced age (25 months), compared with young mature adults (7 months). These effects of aging were not, however, predictive of cognitive status. In particular, the pronounced decrease in new cell production during aging did not distinguish among rats that varied over a wide range of cognitive abilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02733.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between growth, food conversion, body size, body composition and temperature in the European eel, Anguilla anguilla L. (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 19 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. The influence of temperature on growth of European eels, Anguilla anguilla L., of various body sizes was studied. The mean weight of small eels (SE) (0·6g body weight) maintained at 23°C was significantly lower than that of SE maintained at 25°C or 27°C. No significant differences were found at the end of the experimental period between SE maintained at 25 and 27°C. Similar results were obtained among the moderate-size eels (ME) (l·5gbody weight). However, the average weight increase maintained at 25°C was significantly higher than that of large eels (LE) (3·25g body weight) maintained at 23 or 27°C. It seems that the optimum growth temperature for European eels is different at various stages in their growth and development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1988.tb00416.x
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