Publication Date:
2024-03-15
Description:
Determining which marine species are sensitive to elevated CO2 and reduced pH, and which species tolerate these changes, is critical for predicting the impacts of ocean acidification on marine biodiversity and ecosystem function. Although adult fish are thought to be relatively tolerant to higher levels of environmental CO2, very little is known about the sensitivity of juvenile stages, which are usually much more vulnerable to environmental change. We tested the effects of elevated environmental CO2 on the growth, survival, skeletal development and otolith (ear bone) calcification of a common coral reef fish, the spiny damselfish Acanthochromis polyacanthus. Newly hatched juveniles were reared for 3 wk at 4 different levels of PCO2(seawater) spanning concentrations already experienced in near-reef waters (450 µatm CO2) to those predicted to occur over the next 50 to 100 yr in the IPCC A2 emission scenario (600, 725, 850 µatm CO2). Elevated PCO2 had no effect on juvenile growth or survival. Similarly, there was no consistent variation in the size of 29 different skeletal elements that could be attributed to CO2 treatments. Finally, otolith size, shape and symmetry (between left and right side of the body) were not affected by exposure to elevated PCO2, despite the fact that otoliths are composed of aragonite. This is the first comprehensive assessment of the likely effects of ocean acidification on the early life history development of a marine fish. Our results suggest that juvenile A. polyacanthus are tolerant of moderate increases in environmental CO2 and that further acidification of the ocean will not, in isolation, have a significant effect on the early life history development of this species, and perhaps other tropical reef fishes
Keywords:
Acanthochromis polyacanthus, length; Acanthochromis polyacanthus, length, standard error; Acanthochromis polyacanthus, weight; Acanthochromis polyacanthus, weight, standard error; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation; Chordata; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Digital camera; EPOCA; EUR-OCEANS; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis; European Project on Ocean Acidification; Experimental treatment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Measured; Nekton; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Otolith, length; Otolith area; Otolith area, standard error; Otolith circularity; Otolith circularity, standard error; Otolith length, standard error; Otolith perimeter; Otolith perimeter, standard error; Otolith rectangularity; Otolith rectangularity, standard error; Paracentrotus lividus; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; pH, standard deviation; pH meter (HQ11D, Hach Co., Loveland, CO); Salinity; see reference(s); Single species; South Pacific; Temperature, water
Type:
Dataset
Format:
text/tab-separated-values, 144 data points
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