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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Primary Cells Derived from Nervous Tissue (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 66 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Cell culture techniques, high-resolution in vitro 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and chromatographic analyses were used to compare the properties of purified cell populations derived from the PNS and cortical neurones. Cell cultures were immunocytochemically characterised with specific antibodies to ensure purity of the individual cultures. Spectra of perchloric acid extracts of cultured Schwann cells, perineural fibroblasts, dorsal root ganglion neurones, and cortical neurones displayed several common features. However, statistically significant differences were found by 1H NMR spectroscopy in most metabolites among the cell types studied. In addition, cells could be distinguished by the presence or absence of certain amino acids. For example, N-acetylaspartate was present in dorsal root ganglion neurones and cortical neurones, γ-aminobutyric acid was present in large amounts in cortical neurones, and Schwann cell spectra displayed a large signal from glycine. These results extend our earlier findings that different cell types of the CNS exhibit highly characteristic metabolite profiles to now include the major cell types of the PNS. These latter cell types also exhibit characteristic metabolite compositions, such that even Schwann cells and oligodendrocyte type 2 astrocyte (O-2A) progenitor cells—precursors of the myelinating cells of the CNS and PNS, respectively—can be readily distinguished from each other.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66031254.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specific Expression of N-Acetylaspartate in Neurons, Oligodendrocyte-Type-2 Astrocyte Progenitors, and Immature Oligodendrocytes In Vitro (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 59 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To test the specificity of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) as a neuronal marker for proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, purified and characterized cultured cells were analyzed for their NAA content using both 1H NMR and HPLC. Cell types studied included cerebellar granule neurons, type-1 astrocytes, meningeal cells, oligodendrocyte-type-2 astrocyte (O–2A) progenitor cells, and oligodendrocytes. A high concentration of NAA was found in extracts of cerebellar granule neurons (approximately 12 nmol/mg of protein), whereas NAA remained undetectable in purified type-1 astrocytes, meningeal cells, and mature oligodendrocytes. However, twice the neuronal level of NAA was found in O-2A progenitors grown in vitro. In addition significant levels of NAA were also detected in cultures of immature oligodendrocytes. Our data partly support previous suggestions that NAA may be a useful neuronal marker for 1H NMR spectroscopic examination of the adult brain. However, they also raise the further possibility that alterations of NAA associated with some specific brain disorders, particularly disorders seen in newborn and young children, may reflect abnormalities in the development of oligodendroglia or their precursors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08875.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of Cerebral Metabolites in an Animal Model of Acute Liver Failure In Vivo: A 1H and 31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 53 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Acute liver failure was induced in rats by a single intragastric dose of carbon tetrachloride. This causes hepatic centrilobular necrosis, as indicated by histological examinations, and produces a large increase in the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase. The plasma NH4+ level (mean ±SEM) was 123 ± 10 μM the control group and 564 ± 41 μM in animals with acute liver failure (each n = 5). 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to monitor brain cortical high-energy phosphate compounds, Pi, and intracellular pH. 1H NMR spectroscopy was utilised to detect additional metabolites, including glutamate, glutamine, and lactate. The results show that the forebrain is capable of maintaining normal phosphorus energy metabolite ratios and intracellular pH despite the metabolic challenge by an elevated blood NH4+level. There was a significant increase in the brain glutamine level and a concomitant decrease in the glutamate level during hyperammonaemia. The brain lactate level increased twofold in rats with acute liver failure. The results indicate that 1H NMR can be used to detect cerebral metabolic changes in this model of hyperammonaemia, and our observations are discussed in relation to compartmentation of NH4+ metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07300.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping of metabolites in whole animals by 31 P NMR using surface coils (1980)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 283 (1980), S. 167-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The metabolic state of skeletal muscle and brain within intact rats is monitored using high resolution phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance. Regional disturbances in metabolism (for example, localised ischaemia) are easily observed, indicating the diagnostic possibilities of the method. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/283167a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    31P NMR analysis of intracellular pH of Swiss mouse 3T3 cells: Effects of extracellular Na+ and K+ and mitogenic stimulation (1986)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 94 (1986), S. 55-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: 2-deoxyglucose phosphate ; inorganic phosphate ; 19F NMR ; NMR probe configuration ; Na/H antiport ; vasopressin ; insulin ; epidermal growth factor ; microcarrier beads
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Swiss mouse 3T3 cells grown on microcarrier beads were superfused with electrolyte solution during continuous NMR analysis. Conventional31P and19F probes of intracellular pH (pH c ) were found to be impracticable. Cells were therefore superfused with 1 to 4mm 2-deoxyglucose, producing a large intracellular, pH-sensitive signal of 2-deoxyglucose phosphate (2DGP). The intracellular incorporation of 2DGP inhibited the Embden-Meyerhof pathway. However, intracellular ATP was at least in part retained and the cellular responsivity to changes in extracellular ionic composition and to the application of growth factors proved intact. Transient replacement of external Na+ with choline or K+ reversibly acidified the intracellular fluids. Quiescent cells and mitogenically stimulated cells displayed the same dependence of shifts in pH c on external Na+ concentration (c Na o ). pH c also depended on intracellular Na+ concentration (c Na o ). Increasingc Na c by withdrawing external K+ (thereby inhibiting the Na,K-pump) caused reversible intracellular acidification; subsequently reducingc Na o produced a larger acid shift in pH c than with external K+ present. Comparison of separate preparations indicated that pH c was higher in stimulated than in quiescent cells. Transient administration of mitogens also reversibly alkalinized quiescent cells studied continuously. This study documents the feasibility of monitoring pH c of Swiss mouse 3T3 cells using31P NMR analysis of 2DGP. The results support the concept of a Na/H antiport operative in these cells, both in quiescence and after mitogenic stimulation. The data document by an independent technique that cytoplasmic alkalinization is an early event in mitogenesis, and that full activity of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway is not required for the expression of this event.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01901013
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of cerebral metabolism in children (1994)
    Springer
    Magnetic resonance materials in physics, biology and medicine 2 (1994), S. 219-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1352-8661
    Keywords: magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; brain ; metabolism ; metabolic disease ; epilepsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This article summarizes some applications of1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the investigation of children with brain disease. Studies are described of children with inborn errors of metabolism, including lactic acidoses and mitochondrial disorders, ornithine carbamoyl transferase deficiency (a disorder of the urea cycle), and Canavan's disease (a disorder of N-acetylaspartate metabolism). Applications in epilepsy are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01705243
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic studies of whole animals and humans using phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (1981)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 1 (1981), S. 449-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conclusions 31P NMR now provides a totally non-invasive method of studying the metabolism of selected tissues and organs within whole animals and humans. A wide range of studies therefore becomes feasible. For example, there have been problems associated with metabolic studies of isolated organs such as the brain which are particularly sensitive to hypoxia; these problems can now be circumvented by studying the organ within the whole animal. Theories of metabolic control are based largely on studies performed in vitro, and it should now prove possible to test some of these theories directly in vivo. NMR could provide significant advances in our understanding of organ preservation and function. Finally,31P NMR provides a new method of studying the metabolic basis and effects of disease in humans and in animal models. The technique could also provide an objective way of assessing the effectiveness of procedures that are used in the treatment of human disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01121578
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