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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Mycorrhizae and Nontarget Organisms on Restoration of a Seasonal Tropical Forest in Quintana Roo, Mexico: Factors Limiting Tree Establishment (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Restoration ecology 13 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We initiated a study of the effects of mycorrhizal fungal community composition on the restoration of tropical dry seasonal forest trees. Tree seedlings were planted in a severely burned experimental site (1995 fire) during the growing season of 1998 at the El Edén Ecological Reserve, in north Quintana Roo, Mexico. Seedlings of Leucaena leucocephala, Guazuma ulmifolia, Caesalpinia violacea, Piscidia piscipula, Gliricidia sepium, and Cochlospermum vitifolium were germinated in steam-sterilized soil and either remained uninoculated (nonmycorrhizal at transplanting) or were inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi in soils from early-seral (recently burned) or late-seral (mature forest) inoculum. Inoculum from the early-seral soil was largely Glomus spp., whereas a diverse community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were reintroduced from the mature forest including species of Scutellospora, Gigaspora, Glomus, Sclerocystis, and Acaulospora. Plants grew better when associated with the mature forest inoculum, unlike a previous experiment in which plants grew taller with the early-seral inoculum. Reasons for the different responses include a less-intense burn resulting in more residual organic matter. In addition to mycorrhizal responses, plants were severely affected by deer browsing. One tree species, C. vitifolium found in the region but not in the reserve, was eliminated by a resident fungal facultative pathogen. Several practical conclusions for restoration can be made. The common nursery practice of soil sterilization may be detrimental because it eliminates beneficial mycorrhizal fungi; species not native to the site may not survive because they may not be adapted to the local pathogens; and herbivory can be severe depending on the landscape context of the restoration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00041.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origins of cacao cultivation (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 375 (1995), S. 542-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - The origin and early domestication of cacao (Theobroma cacao ssp. cacao L.) remains an elusive issue as a result of uncertainty about the historical distribution of wild populations, ancient cultivations, human-mediated dispersion and continued crossing ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/375542a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allelochemical Potential of Metopium brownei (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 25 (1999), S. 141-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Metopium brownei ; Anacardiaceae ; dihydroquercetin ; eriodyctiol ; masticadienoic acid ; urushiols ; alkylcatechols ; allelochemicals ; allelopathics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Metopium brownei is a tree that grows in coastal tropical forests along the Gulf of Mexico and in the Yucatan Peninsula. This medicinal species produces a strongly irritant exudate, and sometimes forms pure populations favored by fire. The bioactivity of the aqueous leachates, organic extracts (leaves, bark, and wood), and mixtures of urushiols and flavonoids from M. brownei were evaluated on the growth of two plants: Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Echinochloa crusgalli, and four phytopathogenic fungi: Fusarium oxysporum, Helminthosporium sp., Alternaria sp., and Pythium sp. Alkylcatechols (urushiols) were isolated from an acetone extract of the bark. Dihydroquercetin and eriodictyol were isolated from the chloroform–methanol extract of the wood. In addition, masticadienoic acid was isolated from the leaves. The aqueous leachates, organic extracts, and the mixtures of flavonoids and urushiols were inhibitory to the growth of test plants and phytopathogenic fungi. The allelochemical role of the bioactive compounds from M. brownei is discussed in relation with other results reported in some studies on Anacardiaceae family and M. brownei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020845318284
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