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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevation of antibody against Epstein-Barr virus genes BRLF1 and BZLF1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 126 (2000), S. 69-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Key words Nasopharyngeal carcinoma ; Epstein-Barr virus ; BZLF1 ; BRLF1 ; Serology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: Epstein-Barr virus immediate early genes BZLF1 and BRLF1 encode the Z and R proteins respectively. Elevation of the anti-Z immunoglobulin (Ig) antibody titer is a common feature of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in areas where the disease endemic, whereas R levels have not been examined. This study was performed to analyze antibody titers against Z and R in Japan. Methods: Sera from 14 patients with newly diagnosed NPC, 7 with NPC in complete remission, 15 with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and 31 controls were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting. Results: Both anti-Z and anti-R Ig were significantly increased in sera from patients with NPC compared with those in remission, those with HNSCC, and controls (Z, P = 0.0016, = 0.0344, = 0.0002; R, P = 0.0015, = 0.0004, 〈0.0001 respectively). By immunoblot analysis, anti-Z and anti-R Ig were detected in 9 of 9 cases of NPC, 1 of 3 cases NPC in remission, and 2 of 13 cases of HNSCC. Anti-Z and anti-R antibody titers were nine times higher in NPC than in other groups. None of 15 control cases showed positive reactivity against either Z or R. Conclusion: Coupled evaluation of anti-Z and anti-R Ig by ELISA might be a useful system for screening NPC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004320050011
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic study of synaptogenesis and myelination of the olfactory centers in developing rats (1995)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 103 (1995), S. 385-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Development ; Olfactory bulb ; Primary olfactory cortex ; Lateral olfactory tract ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Development of the central olfactory system was studied in the rat with an electron microscope at three main structures: the olfactory bulb, the lateral olfactory tract, and the primary olfactory cortex (the piriform cortex). As a parameter of development, the synaptic density was examined quantitatively in the bulbar glomerulus and layer Ia (termination of bulbofugal fibers) of the piriform cortex, which are the key stations of the olfactory pathway. The synaptic densities in the glomerulus and those in layer Ia were 5.7% and 4.6% on embryonic day 19, 15.8% and 12.5% on postnatal day (P) 0, and 57.3% and 37.2% on P10, as compared with the adult (100%). As another parameter of development, the density of myelinated axons in the lateral olfactory tract was examined quantitatively. The densities of myelinated axons in the tract were 0% on P5, 15.1% on P10, and 73.5% on P21 of the adult density. Maturation in the tract was still progressing, even at P21, in terms of bundle formation and the thickness of myelin sheaths. The results show that synaptogenesis in the bulbar glomerulus is followed by synaptogenesis in layer Ia of the piriform cortex, and that myelination in the lateral olfactory tract occurs over a prolonged period, even in the stages after P21.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00241497
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Matrix metalloproteinase 9 is induced by the Epstein–Barr virus BZLF1 transactivator (1999)
    Springer
    Clinical & experimental metastasis 17 (1999), S. 431-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7276
    Keywords: EBV ; BZLF1 ; metastasis ; MMP ; nasopharyngeal carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Type IV collagenases, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and MMP9 are implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis. In patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), poor prognosis due to development of local and distant metastasis has been reported to be predicted by antibody titers against the Z protein which is an AP-1 family transcription factor encoded by the EBV BZLF1 immediate-early gene. Here we report that in patients with NPC, expression of Z in tumor cells correlates with advanced cervical lymph node metastasis which may suggest that Z affects tumor invasion and metastasis. We therefore tested if Z would induce expression of type IV collagenases. Transfection of Z expression plasmid into the C33A epithelial cell line increased expression of MMP9, but MMP2 expression was unaltered. Mutational analysis of the Z protein revealed that, in addition to all three functional domains of Z (dimerization domain, DNA binding domain, and activation domain), the carboxyl terminal 17 amino acids which stabilize the Z protein were necessary for induction of MMP9 expression. Analysis of the MMP9 promoter demonstrated that only AP-1 site close to the transcriptional start-site was essential for transactivation by Z. Previously we reported that Epstein–Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) stimulates MMP9 expression (Yoshizaki et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1998; 95: 3621–6). Thus, Z together with LMP1 may contribute to invasion and metastasis of NPC by inducing expression of MMP9.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006699003525
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and surfactant property of copolymers having a poly(2-oxazoline) graft chain (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 1489-1494 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: graft copolymer ; poly(2-oxazoline) ; macromonomer ; surfactant ; surface modifier ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300728
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